ABSTRACT
Objetivos. Evaluar si la aparición de glucosa en el fluido obtenido espontáneamente del catéter epidural tras su inserción, durante la anestesia combinada intradural-epidural realizada con bupivacaína hiperbara, es un suceso habitual. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio observacional prospectivo en 34 pacientes con anestesia combinada intradural-epidural a los que después de localizar el espacio epidural con solución salina, insertar la aguja espinal e inyectar bupivacaína hiperbara, se les introdujo un catéter epidural. Tras observar si goteaba espontáneamente algún fluido por él, se determinó si este contenía glucosa. Retirada la aguja epidural y lavada su luz con solución salina, se comprobó si en el lavado existía glucosa. Las muestras se analizaron con un glucómetro. Cuando desapareció el bloqueo motor se administró una dosis de anestésico local por el catéter epidural. Se valoró la asociación de los parámetros demográficos con el goteo espontáneo por el catéter epidural. Resultados. En 22 pacientes se produjo goteo espontáneo por el catéter epidural tras su inserción. Todas las muestras obtenidas contenían glucosa. En 9 de 34 muestras del lavado de aguja epidural existía glucosa. Ningún paciente sufrió bloqueo sensitivomotor excesivo. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) de la edad con el goteo espontáneo por el catéter (a más edad, más goteo). Conclusión. El hallazgo de glucosa en el fluido obtenido por el catéter epidural es un suceso frecuente y sin significación clínica. Proponemos que pudo deberse a fuga de líquido cefalorraquídeo por el agujero de punción dural durante o después de la administración de la bupivacaína hiperbara y al derrame de esta en el espacio epidural(AU)
Objectives. To determine whether the appearance of glucose in the fluid spontaneously obtained by the epidural catheter after its insertion during combined intradural-epidural anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine is a usual occurrence. Patients and methods. A prospective, observational study was conducted on 34 patients with combined intradural-epidural anaesthesia in whom an epidural catheter was introduced, after locating the epidural space with a saline solution, inserting a spinal needle and injecting hyperbaric bupivacaine. After observing whether any fluid was spontaneously dripping from it, it was determined if this contained glucose. Withdrawal of the needle and washing its lumen with saline solution, it was checked whether there was glucose in washout. The samples were analysed using a glucose meter. When the motor block disappeared a dose of local anaesthetic was administered through the epidural catheter. The relationship of the demographic parameters with the spontaneous dripping of the epidural catheter was evaluated. Results. Spontaneous dripping by the epidural catheter after its insertion was observed in 22 patients. All the samples obtained contained glucose. There was glucose in 9 out of 34 epidural needle wash samples. None of the patients suffered from excessive motor-sensory block. There was a statistically significant relationship between patient age (P<.05) and spontaneous dripping by the catheter (the higher the age, more dripping). Conclusion. The finding of glucose in the fluid obtained by the epidural catheter is a frequent occurrence and is of no clinical significance. We propose that it could be due to a leak of cerebrospinal fluid by the dural puncture needle during or after the administering of the hyperbaric bupivacaine and the spillage of this into the epidural space(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Catheters , Anesthesia/methods , Bupivacaine/therapeutic use , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Anesthesia, Local/methods , Anesthesia, Epidural/methods , Bupivacaine/metabolism , Bupivacaine/pharmacology , Bupivacaine/pharmacokinetics , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the appearance of glucose in the fluid spontaneously obtained by the epidural catheter after its insertion during combined intradural-epidural anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine is a usual occurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, observational study was conducted on 34 patients with combined intradural-epidural anaesthesia in whom an epidural catheter was introduced, after locating the epidural space with a saline solution, inserting a spinal needle and injecting hyperbaric bupivacaine. After observing whether any fluid was spontaneously dripping from it, it was determined if this contained glucose. Withdrawal of the needle and washing its lumen with saline solution, it was checked whether there was glucose in washout. The samples were analysed using a glucose meter. When the motor block disappeared a dose of local anaesthetic was administered through the epidural catheter. The relationship of the demographic parameters with the spontaneous dripping of the epidural catheter was evaluated. RESULTS: Spontaneous dripping by the epidural catheter after its insertion was observed in 22 patients. All the samples obtained contained glucose. There was glucose in 9 out of 34 epidural needle wash samples. None of the patients suffered from excessive motor-sensory block. There was a statistically significant relationship between patient age (P<.05) and spontaneous dripping by the catheter (the higher the age, more dripping). CONCLUSION: The finding of glucose in the fluid obtained by the epidural catheter is a frequent occurrence and is of no clinical significance. We propose that it could be due to a leak of cerebrospinal fluid by the dural puncture needle during or after the administering of the hyperbaric bupivacaine and the spillage of this into the epidural space.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Epidural , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Glucose/cerebrospinal fluid , Adult , Aged , Anesthesia, Epidural/instrumentation , Anesthesia, Epidural/methods , Blood Glucose/analysis , Catheters , Dura Mater/injuries , Epidural Space , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Needles , Pressure , Prospective Studies , PuncturesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To validate the use of a digital blood glucose meter for detecting the presence of spinal fluid during combined spinal-epidural anesthesia in terms of specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Validation was studied in 30 patients scheduled for surgery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. A positive finding, defined as detection of spinal fluid return or aspiration by the epidural or spinal needle, was compared with results of standard reference tests (the pattern of sensory or motor block after administration of the local anesthetic). After locating the epidural space with saline solution, the test was performed and 3 mL of local anesthetic was administered. If no sensory or motor blockade was evident, the test was considered a true negative. Spinal puncture was then performed, the test was repeated, and 2 to 3 mL of local anesthetic was injected. The test was considered a true positive if sensory or motor blockade was evident. These findings entered into the validation analyses. RESULTS: Sensitivity was 100%, specificity 94%, positive predictive value 93%, negative predictive value 100%, the positive likelihood ratio 15.5, and negative likelihood 0. CONCLUSION: Blood glucose meter readings provide a valid quantitative measure for distinguishing spinal fluid from saline solution during combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. The method, which uses a readily available device, is easy to use to rule out the presence of spinal fluid.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Epidural/methods , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/instrumentation , Cerebrospinal Fluid/chemistry , Glucose/cerebrospinal fluid , Sodium Chloride/chemistry , Adult , Aged , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Dura Mater/injuries , Epidural Space , Female , Glucose/analysis , Humans , Intraoperative Complications/prevention & control , Male , Middle Aged , Motor Activity/drug effects , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Predictive Value of Tests , Punctures , Sensation/drug effects , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: Proponer la utilización de un glucómetrodigital como método cuantitativo sencillo para detectarlíquido cefalorraquídeo durante la técnica de anestesiacombinada epidural-intradural y determinar su validez,a través de la sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivosy cocientes de probabilidad.PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó el estudio de validezdel test en 30 pacientes programados para cirugía conanestesia combinada intradural-epidural. Se consideróun resultado positivo si había glucosa en el líquido querefluía o se aspiraba a través de la aguja epidural eintradural, y se contrastaba con un patrón de referencia(las características del bloqueo sensitivo o motor tras laadministración de anestésico local). Tras localizar elespacio epidural con solución salina, se realizaba el testy se administraban 3 mL de anestésico local. Si no habíabloqueo sensitivo o motor, el test se consideraba verdaderonegativo. Se realizaba la punción dural, se realizabael test y se administraban 2-3 mL de anestésico local.En este caso si había bloqueo sensitivo o motor el test seconsideraba verdadero positivo. Con todo ello se realizóel análisis de validez.RESULTADOS: La sensibilidad del test fue del 100%, suespecificidad del 94%, el valor predictivo positivo de93%, y el valor predictivo negativo de 100%, la razón deprobabilidad positiva de 15,5 y la negativa de 0.CONCLUSIÓN: El glucómetro utilizado es un métodocuantitativo válido para diferenciar líquido cefalorraquídeode solución salina durante la anestesia combinada,de uso sencillo y fácilmente disponible, con una granutilidad para confirmar o descartar la presencia delíquido cefalorraquídeo(AU)
OBJECTIVES: To validate the use of a digital bloodglucose meter for detecting the presence of spinal fluidduring combined spinal-epidural anesthesia in terms ofspecificity, positive and negative predictive values, andlikelihood ratios.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Validation was studied in 30patients scheduled for surgery under combined spinalepiduralanesthesia. A positive finding, defined asdetection of spinal fluid return or aspiration by theepidural or spinal needle, was compared with results ofstandard reference tests (the pattern of sensory or motorblock after administration of the local anesthetic). Afterlocating the epidural space with saline solution, the testwas performed and 3 mL of local anesthetic wasadministered. If no sensory or motor blockade wasevident, the test was considered a true negative. Spinalpuncture was then performed, the test was repeated, and2 to 3 mL of local anesthetic was injected. The test wasconsidered a true positive if sensory or motor blockadewas evident. These findings entered into the validationanalyses.RESULTS: Sensitivity was 100%, specificity 94%,positive predictive value 93%, negative predictive value100%, the positive likelihood ratio 15.5, and negativelikelihood 0.CONCLUSION: Blood glucose meter readings provide avalid quantitative measure for distinguishing spinal fluidfrom saline solution during combined spinal-epiduralanesthesia. The method, which uses a readily availabledevice, is easy to use to rule out the presence of spinalfluid(AU)
