Subject(s)
Education , Hierarchy, Social , Social Change , Teaching Materials , Women's Rights , Women , Education/economics , Education/history , Education/legislation & jurisprudence , France/ethnology , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Social Change/history , Social Class/history , Social Conditions/economics , Social Conditions/history , Social Conditions/legislation & jurisprudence , Teaching/economics , Teaching/history , Teaching/legislation & jurisprudence , Teaching Materials/economics , Women/education , Women/history , Women/psychology , Women's Health/economics , Women's Health/ethnology , Women's Health/history , Women's Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Women's Rights/economics , Women's Rights/education , Women's Rights/history , Women's Rights/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
Cutaneous injury, whether by laser, chemical, or scalpel, results in scar formation. The normal response to such an insult occurs in the middle of a continuum of wound repair processes. On one end of the continuum are the overhealed responses (i.e., keloids). On the opposite end are tissue regeneration and scarless healing as seen in fetal wounds. This article reviews the molecular biology and mechanisms leading to these various clinical phenotypes and discusses future potential modalities that may replicate the scarless wound healing mechanism in adults.
Subject(s)
Soft Tissue Injuries/physiopathology , Wound Healing/physiology , Adult , Animals , Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/immunology , Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/physiopathology , Cicatrix, Hypertrophic/prevention & control , Cytokines/physiology , Embryonic and Fetal Development , Humans , Keloid/etiology , Keloid/physiopathology , Keloid/prevention & control , Transforming Growth Factors/physiologyABSTRACT
Alongside the technique based on the creation of an abdominal cavity for surgery following the introduction of gas (usually CO2) into the peritoneal cavity, a new method has been developed. This involves the use of an atraumatic mechanical lifting device connected to the same abdominal wall (gasless laparoscopy). The authors report a technique that uses an inflatable cushion inserted into the abdomen through a periumbilical incision. The cushion is connected to an external motorized hydraulic jack fixed to the operating table, fitted with an electric motor and friction gear. Between May 1991 and June 1998, 580 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Since December 1995 a total of 130 patients have undergone surgery using gasless laparoscopy. Shoulder pain and pain in the upper abdominal quadrant were no longer reported; pain was present in 70% of the patients operated using the CO2 technique. There was also a marked reduction in the anesthesiological risks, above all in elderly patients with cardiopulmonary insufficiency. Surgical manoeuvres are made easier owing to the possibility of using traditional surgical instruments. Washing and continuous aspiration allow a good control of intraoperative hemostasis, and reduce the phenomenon of lens misting without the risk of losing pneumoperitoneum. Less visibility of the surgical field was reported, particularly in obese patients, above all because of the reduced diaphragmatic distension and the lack of displacement of the intestinal loops. In the authors' opinion the gasless technique is suitable above all in patients affected by cardiopulmonary disorders in whom hypercapnia might represent a significant operating risk.
Subject(s)
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/methods , Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial , Carbon Dioxide , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The authors report two cases of superior mesenteric artery syndrome observed in 22 operations for severe spinal deformities. Medical, dietary and postural treatment enabled the situation to be resolved in one case; whereas an intestinal derotation according to Strong-Valdoni was successfully performed in the other. The various surgical alternatives are discussed.
Subject(s)
Kyphosis/surgery , Lumbar Vertebrae/abnormalities , Scoliosis/surgery , Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome/etiology , Child , Female , Humans , Kyphosis/diagnostic imaging , Kyphosis/etiology , Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Neurofibroma/complications , Poliomyelitis/complications , Postoperative Complications , Radiography , Scoliosis/diagnostic imaging , Scoliosis/etiology , Spinal Fusion , Thoracic Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Thoracic Vertebrae/surgeryABSTRACT
The authors report a controlled series of 40 patients treated for recidivating inguinal hernia and laparocele with the implant of alloplastic material. Short-term prophylaxis with vancomycin was performed in all cases. The antibiotic was found to be well tolerated at the doses used and this was associated with a good clinical success rate. The use of vancomycin in prophylaxis for this type of surgery is considered a rational choice and the use of short-term prophylaxis reduces the risks linked to possible collateral effects.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Biocompatible Materials , Hernia, Inguinal/surgery , Hernia, Ventral/surgery , Vancomycin/therapeutic use , Humans , RecurrenceSubject(s)
Angiography , Coronary Angiography , Dolphins , Hemodynamics , Animals , Blood Pressure , Cardiac Catheterization , Cardiac Output , Dye Dilution Technique , Electrocardiography , Heart RateABSTRACT
In the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus, a massive retial complex is interposed between the systemic and cerebral circulations at the cervicothoracic level. Pressure measurements in the retial efferent arteries supplying the brain revealed relatively nonpulsatile pressure profiles. These measurements in the anesthetized dolphin demonstrate the pressure-damping effect of the retia mirabile.