Brazilian Physicians Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study exploring factors associated with prevalence of suicide planning and attempts.

OBJECTIVES: To report suicide planning and attempts' in a lifetime among Brazilian physicians and to explore associated risk factors. METHODS: A nation-wide, online survey based on the Tool for the Assessment of Suicide Risk and Satisfaction with Life Scale was conducted among Brazilian physicians (January 2018 - January 2019). Multivariate explored associations of demographics, psychological, and work-related factors on suicide planning and attempts reports. RESULTS: Among 4,148 respondents, 1,946 (53.5%) were male, 2,527 (60.9%) were 30-60 years old, 2,675 (64.5%) had 2-4 work-contracts and 1,725 (41.6%) reported a weekly workload of 40-60 hours. Overall prevalence of suicide plans was 8.8% (n=364) and suicide attempts were reported by 3.2% (n=133) of respondents. Daily (AdjOR=7.857;95%CI 2.282-27.051, p=0.002) or weekly emotional exhaustion (AdjOR=7.953; 95%CI 2.403-26.324, p=0.001), daily frustration with work (AdjOR=3.093;95%CI 1.711-5.588, p<0.001), and being bisexual (AdjOR=5.083;95%CI 2.544-10.158, p<0.001) were significantly associated with higher odds of reports. Among extremely dissatisfied professionals 38.3% reported having made suicide planning and attempts, while among extremely satisfied only 2.8% reported it (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Brazilian physicians with a lifetime history of suicide planning and attempts presented a higher association with emotional exhaustion and frustration with work. Urgent actions are needed to promote professional protection policies and resilience.

Coletânea: memórias da câmara técnica de bioética / Collection: memories of the technical chamber of bioethics

O Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM) tem sido incansável na busca pelo respeito e valorização de princípios éticos e bioéticos correlatos à prática médica. Trata-se de uma meta prioritária para a autarquia, que reconhece o impacto positivo que sua incorporação traz para as relações estabelecidas entre médicos, pacientes, familiares e profissionais que integram as equipes de atendimento. Baseada em parâmetros como a beneficência, a não maleficência, a autonomia e a justiça, todos de fundamental relevância, a bioética ­ um campo de estudos que nasceu na década de 1970 ­ permeia intrinsecamente o exercício da medicina. Por outro lado, essas premissas deveriam igualmente serem norteadoras da ação de gestores, públicos e privados. Como forma de estimular o comportamento de indivíduos e instituições lastreado na bioética, o CFM tem se debruçado sobre o estudo de temas de alta relevância no mundo contemporâneo, cujo entendimento passa, necessariamente, pelo confronto com os princípios e parâmetros já citados. É o que ocorre, por exemplo, no caso de debates e normatizações sobre cuidados paliativos, terminalidade da vida, genética médica e reprodução humana. No Conselho Federal de Medicina, a Câmara Técnica de Bioética se tornou o epicentro dessas acaloradas e profícuas análises, com a participação ativa de conselheiros e de especialistas convidados. Como resultado, há a produção de inúmeros documentos que subsidiam o Plenário do CFM em seu processo de tomada de decisões.

Skin Protein Profile after Major Weight Loss and Its Role in Body Contouring Surgery.

Chronic inflammation during morbid obesity significantly alters cutaneous tissue. Large weight loss achieved after bariatric surgery minimizes or halts damage caused by metabolic syndrome, but further deteriorates the clinical condition of skin. Postbariatric skin flaccidity produces major difficulties to plastic surgery. In this study, we analyzed differences in protein composition of the skin between patients with morbid obesity and those after large weight loss and established correlations between differentially expressed proteins and clinical characteristics of postbariatric skin tissue, to improve body contouring surgery techniques. METHODS: Skin fragments were removed from the abdomen of 32 patients, who were allocated into 3 groups: morbidly obese, large weight loss without surgery, and postbariatric surgery. Samples were subjected to proteomic analysis, and the protein profiles of the groups were compared. Six differentially expressed proteins of clinical interest were validated by immunohistochemistry and statistical analysis. RESULTS: Comparative analyses confirmed differences in protein profile of the skin between morbidly obese and large weight loss groups. A persistent increase in inflammatory markers such as haptoglobin was observed in all groups and decrease in the expression of collagen XIV, which regulates the physical properties of cutaneous tissue, was observed in the postbariatric group. CONCLUSIONS: High expression of haptoglobin associated with the decrease of Collagen XIV, vinculin, and periplakin in the groups after major weight losses, mainly postbariatric, confirm that the inflammatory lesion remains active in the skin and causes changes in its structural organization, with serious repercussions on its clinical characteristics and physical properties.

Approaches and reflexions on advance healthcare directives in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: to explain the approaches and discussions about the Advance Healthcare Directives spread among health professionals, lawyers and society. METHOD: bibliographic search in the databases SciELO, LILACS, BDENF, in Portuguese, carried out from December 2017 to January 2018. RESULTS: 22 articles were considered for analysis with interviews and testimonies of physicians, intensivists and geriatricians, nurses, technicians and Nursing auxiliaries, Medical students, lawyers and Law students. CONCLUSION: there is a small number of papers on the Advance Healthcare Directives in Brazil, and a wide range of approaches that have not yet been clarified. The theme is not widely spread and little clarified in its essence.

Approaches and reflexions on advance healthcare directives in Brazil / Enfoques y reflexiones sobre las directivas anticipadas en Brasil / Abordagens e reflexões sobre diretivas antecipadas da vontade no Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: to explain the approaches and discussions about the Advance Healthcare Directives spread among health professionals, lawyers and society. Method: bibliographic search in the databases SciELO, LILACS, BDENF, in Portuguese, carried out from December 2017 to January 2018. Results: 22 articles were considered for analysis with interviews and testimonies of physicians, intensivists and geriatricians, nurses, technicians and Nursing auxiliaries, Medical students, lawyers and Law students. Conclusion: there is a small number of papers on the Advance Healthcare Directives in Brazil, and a wide range of approaches that have not yet been clarified. The theme is not widely spread and little clarified in its essence.

RESUMEN Objetivo: explicitar los enfoques y discusiones sobre las Directivas Anticipadas difundidas entre los profesionales de la salud, los abogados y la sociedad. Método: investigación bibliográfica realizada en las bases de datos SciELO, LILACS, BDENF, en portugués, del diciembre 2017 hasta enero 2018. Resultados: se consideraron 22 artículos para el análisis con entrevistas y testimonios médicos, intensivistas y geriatras, enfermeros, técnicos y auxiliares de Enfermería, estudiantes de Medicina, de Derecho y abogados. Conclusión: hay un pequeño número de trabajos sobre las Directivas Anticipadas en Brasil, y una amplia gama de enfoques poco elucidados. El tema sigue siendo poco difundido y poco esclarecido en su esencia.

RESUMO Objetivo: explicitar as abordagens e discussões sobre as Diretivas Antecipadas da Vontade difundidas entre os profissionais de saúde, advogados e a sociedade. Método: pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS, BDENF, em Língua Portuguesa, realizada no período de dezembro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018. Resultados: foram considerados 22 artigos para análise com entrevistas e depoimentos de médicos, intensivistas e geriatras, enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de Enfermagem, estudantes de Medicina, de Direito e advogados. Conclusão: há um pequeno número de trabalhos sobre as Diretivas Antecipadas da Vontade no Brasil, e uma ampla gama de abordagens ainda pouco elucidadas. O tema ainda é pouco difundido e pouco esclarecido em sua essência.

Embarazo tras FIV-ICSI en paciente con útero didelfo o bicorne bicollis / Pregnancy after IVF-ICSI in patient with didelphos or bicorne bicollis

Objetivo: presentar un caso de embarazo en una paciente con útero didelfo o bicorne bicollis tras ciclo de fecundación in vitro-microinyección intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides. Sujeto y método: paciente diagnosticada de útero didelfo mediante histerosalpingograma, histeroscopia y laparoscopia, a quien se realizó ciclo de fecundación in vitro-microinyección intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides por indicación masculina. Se recuperaron 9 ovocitos, 8 embriones, 5 embriones viables. TE: 1 embrión A en útero izquierdo y 1 embrión B en útero derecho. Resultados: Beta-HCG: 416 UI/l a los 14 días. Ecografía: gestación única evolutiva en útero izquierdo en semana 6. Cesárea en semana 38. Conclusiones: la fecundación in vitro en pacientes con útero didelfo se asocia a índices normales de gestación, pero a mayores tasas de aborto, parto prematuro y cesárea (AU)

Objective: Pregnancy after an in vitro fertilization treatment in a patient with uterus didelphis (bicornis bicollis). Subject and method: A patient with uterus didelphis diagnosed by hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy and laparoscopy was underwent in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection due to male infertility. 9 oocytes were recovered, 8 embryos, 5 of them viable. A double embryo transfer was performed: 1 grade A embryo was transferred to the left uterus and 1 B grade embryo to the right uterus. Results: After 14 days of embryo transfer a beta-hCG of 416 UI7L was obtained. Six weeks pregnancy ecography showed a single ongoing pregnancy in left uterus. Cesarean section was performed in 38th week of gestation. Conclusions: In vitro fertilization in patients with uterus didelphis is associated with normal pregnancy rates but higher abortion and premature delivery rates and cesarean section (AU)

Reprodução assistida, direito de todos. E o registro do filho, como proceder? / Assisted reproduction: a right of all. How to proceed with the registration of the child? / Reproducción asistida, derecho de todos. ¿Y el registro del hijo? ¿Cómo proceder?

Diante da falta de legislação federal, as técnicas reprodutivas assistidas (RA) aplicadas no Brasil são regidas desde 1992 por normas éticas, e as partes envolvidas – médico e paciente – em processo de procriação artificial contam com resoluções do Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM). Recentemente houve importantes inovações quanto à abrangência de RA e quanto às normas orientadoras, a exemplo da nova Resolução CFM 2.121/2015 e dos Provimentos 21/2015-CGJ-PE e CNJ 52/2016 sobre o registro de crianças geradas por RA. Este último exige identificação dos doadores do material genético. Objetiva-se demonstrar avanços para atender ao melhor interesse das crianças havidas por RA e seus pais, e à igualdade entre filhos na emissão da certidão de registro civil em cartório no Brasil, independente de ação judicial, apontando violação do sigilo médico e do direito ao anonimato do doador no provimento nacional.

The assisted reproductive techniques (ART) applied in Brazil, in face of the lack of federal legislation, are based on ethical standards since 1992. The parties involved - doctor and patient -in an artificial conception process count on resolutions of the Conselho Federal de Medicina – CFM (Brazilian Federal Council of Medicine). Recently there were important innovations in the scope regarding who can perform ART and regarding the guiding norms, such as the new CFM Resolution 2,121/2015, as well as Provisions 21/2015- CGJ PE and CNJ 52/2016 concerning the registration of children generated by ART. The latter Provision requires the identification of donors of genetic material. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present improvements to attend to the best interests of children born through ART and that of their parents, and equality among children when issuing birth certificates in Brazil, regardless of any lawsuit pertaining to a violation of medical confidentiality and the right to donor anonymity, as per the national provision.

Las técnicas de reproducción asistida (RA) aplicadas en Brasil, ante la falta de una legislación federal, se rigen sobre la base de las normas éticas desde 1992. Las partes involucradas – médico y paciente – en un proceso de procreación artificial cuentan con las resoluciones del Consejo Federal de Medicina (CFM). Recientemente hubo importantes innovaciones en el ámbito de aplicación con respecto a quién puede realizar la RA y en cuanto a las normas orientadoras, tales como la nueva Resolución CFM 2.121/2015 y las Disposiciones 21/2015-FPG-PE y CNJ 52/2016, sobre el registro de niños generados por RA. Esta última Disposición exige la identificación de los donantes del material genético. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los nuevos avances para atender al interés superior de los niños producidos por RA y de sus padres, y la igualdad entre los hijos en la emisión de la certificación del registro civil en Brasil, independientemente de acciones judiciales, señalando la violación del secreto médico y del derecho al anonimato del donante en la disposición nacional.

Spanish consensus on premature menopause.

INTRODUCTION: While we recognise that the term premature menopause is more accepted by most non-specialist health care providers and by the general population, 'primary ovarian insufficiency' (POI) is currently considered the most apposite term to explain the loss of ovarian function, because it better explains the variability of the clinical picture, does not specify definitive failure, and highlights the specific ovarian source. Its pathogenesis involves a congenital reduction in the number of primordial follicles, poor follicle recruitment, or accelerated follicular apoptosis. However, its cause is unknown in most cases. AIM: This guide analyses the factors associated with the diagnosis and treatment of POI and provides recommendations on the most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures for women under 40 years of age who experience POI. METHODOLOGY: A panel of experts from various Spanish scientific societies related to POI (Spanish Menopause Society, Spanish Fertility Society, and Spanish Contraception Society) met to reach a consensus on these issues. RESULTS: Hormonal therapy (HT) is considered the treatment of choice to alleviate the symptoms of hypoestrogenism and to prevent long-term consequences. We suggest that HT should be continued until at least age 51, the average age at natural menopause. The best treatment to achieve pregnancy is oocyte/embryo donation. If a patient is to undergo treatment that will reduce her fertility, she should be informed of this issue and the available techniques to preserve ovarian function, mainly vitrification of oocytes.

Realocação vertical da cicatriz umbilical em abdominoplastias do grupo IV de bozola e psillakis - padronização tática / Vertical relocation of the umbilical scar in abdominoplasty of Bozola and Psillakis Group IV cases ­ standardization of procedures

Introdução: O umbigo é a única cicatriz natural visível do corpo. É parte essencial da estética abdominal, fato que torna a umbilicoplastia fundamental no sucesso da abdominoplastia. A posição e a naturalidade de contorno são os dois fatores mais relevantes na avaliação do resultado estético da cicatriz umbilical. Classificações e padronizações têm sido ferramentas importantes para aprimoramento do diagnóstico e refinamentos no tratamento dos distúrbios estéticos do abdome. Além disso, têm facilitado a reprodutibilidade dos procedimentos e servido de base para estudos comparativos. Objetivos: Apresentar a experiência do autor com uma padronização tática para o reposicionamento e reimplante da cicatriz umbilical em casos de abdominoplastias do grupo IV. Demonstrar a tática de realocação vertical do umbigo com detalhamento da nova posição, avaliar a qualidade do resultado obtido e o grau de satisfação das pacientes. Métodos: Vinte pacientes, todas do sexo feminino, foram submetidas ao procedimento entre maio de 2010 e maio de 2012. O período mínimo de acompanhamento foi de trinta dias e o máximo, de dois anos. Resultados: A maioria dos resultados foi considerada excelente, atingindo alto nível de satisfação das pacientes, sem apresentar grandes complicações. Não foram necessárias reintervenções. A técnica mostrou-se segura, simples e de fácil execução. Conclusão: A marcação e o planejamento cirúrgico, com a proposta de um limite caudal máximo para o reposicionamento da cicatriz umbilical, podem ser de grande valia tanto no auxílio aos diagnósticos mais complexos dos tipos de defeitos estéticos do abdome quanto nas indicações das técnicas de abdominoplastias mais adequadas ao tratamento.

Introduction: The navel is the only natural visible scar on the body. It is an essential part of abdominal aesthetics, making umbilicoplasty critical for the success of abdominoplasty. The position and natural contour are the two important factors that are most relevant in evaluating the aesthetic result of the umbilical scar. Classifications and standards are important tools to improve the diagnosis and refine the treatment of abdomen aesthetic disorders. Furthermore, it has facilitated appropriate reproduction of the procedure and served as a basis for comparative studies. Objectives: This study presents the author's experience with procedure standardization for repositioning and re-implantation of the umbilical scar in abdominoplasty group IV cases. The study demonstrates the navel vertical relocation technique, along with details of the new position, and assesses the quality of results obtained and the degree of patient satisfaction. Case studies and methods: Twenty female patients underwent the procedure between May 2010 and May 2012. The minimum follow-up period was thirty days and the maximum follow-up period was two years. Results: Most results were considered excellent, with a high level of patient satisfaction and no major complications. There was no need for re-intervention. The technique was shown to be safe, simple and easy to perform. Conclusion: The marking and surgical planning, with a proposed maximum end limit for repositioning of the umbilical scar, can be valuable both in aiding the most complex diagnoses of aesthetic abdomen defect types and evaluating the technical aspects of abdominoplasty that are most appropriate for treatment.