ABSTRACT
Monkeypox is a zoonotic illness caused by the monkeypox virus, an Orthopoxvirus in the same genus as the variola, vaccinia, and cowpox viruses. Since the detection of the first human case in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1970, the disease has caused sporadic infections and outbreaks, mainly restricted to some countries in west and central Africa. In July, 2022, WHO declared monkeypox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, on account of the unprecedented global spread of the disease outside previously endemic countries in Africa and the need for global solidarity to address this previously neglected disease. The 2022 outbreak has been primarily associated with close intimate contact (including sexual activity) and most cases have been diagnosed among men who have sex with men, who often present with novel epidemiological and clinical characteristics. In the 2022 outbreak, the incubation period ranges from 7 days to 10 days and most patients present with a systemic illness that includes fever and myalgia and a characteristic rash, with papules that evolve to vesicles, pustules, and crusts in the genital, anal, or oral regions and often involve the mucosa. Complications that require medical treatment (eg, antiviral therapy, antibacterials, and pain control) occur in up to 40% of patients and include rectal pain, odynophagia, penile oedema, and skin and anorectal abscesses. Most patients have a self-limited illness; between 1% and 13% require hospital admission (for treatment or isolation), and the case-fatality rate is less than 0·1%. A diagnosis can be made through the presence of Orthopoxvirus DNA in PCRs from lesion swabs or body fluids. Patients with severe manifestations and people at risk of severe disease (eg, immunosuppressed people) could benefit from antiviral treatment (eg, tecovirimat). The current strategy for post-exposure prophylaxis or pre-exposure prophylaxis for people at high risk is vaccination with the non-replicating modified vaccinia Ankara. Antiviral treatment and vaccines are not yet available in endemic countries in Africa.
Subject(s)
Exanthema , Mpox (monkeypox) , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Vaccinia , Male , Humans , Mpox (monkeypox)/diagnosis , Mpox (monkeypox)/epidemiology , Homosexuality, Male , Pain , Antiviral AgentsABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought the world to its knees. As each nation grappled with launching an effective response while simultaneously minimizing repercussions on health care systems, economies, and societies, the medical and scientific landscape shifted forever. In particular, COVID-19 has challenged and transformed the field of dermatology and the way we practice. In this article, dermatologists from 11 countries share insights gained from local experience. These global perspectives will help provide a better framework for delivering quality dermatologic care and understanding how the field has evolved during this medical crisis.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , Clinical Decision-Making/methods , Dermatology/organization & administration , Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration , Skin Diseases/therapy , Academic Medical Centers , COVID-19/prevention & control , Humans , Interdisciplinary CommunicationABSTRACT
Topical timolol has been shown to be effective on treatment of Kaposi sarcoma. We present the case of a 72-year-old man with classic Kaposi sarcoma on upper limbs, treated with topical timolol 0.5% twice a day with a pruritic eruption on areas of application.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology , Sarcoma, Kaposi/drug therapy , Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy , Timolol/adverse effects , Administration, Topical , Aged , Humans , Male , Timolol/administration & dosageSubject(s)
Schistosoma haematobium/isolation & purification , Schistosomiasis haematobia/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Vulva/pathology , Vulvar Diseases/diagnosis , Adolescent , Animals , Biopsy , Female , Humans , Schistosomiasis haematobia/parasitology , Schistosomiasis haematobia/pathology , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/pathology , Vulva/parasitology , Vulvar Diseases/parasitology , Vulvar Diseases/pathologyABSTRACT
Long-term studies are necessary to establish trends and to understand seagrasses' spatial and temporal dynamic. Nevertheless, this type of research is scarce, as the required databases are often unavailable. The objectives of this study are to create a method for mapping the seagrass Zostera noltei using remote sensing techniques, and to apply it to the characterization of the meadows' extension trend and the potential drivers of change. A time series was created using a novel method based on remote sensing techniques that proved to be adequate for mapping the seagrass in the emerged intertidal. The meadows seem to have a decreasing trend between 1984 and the early 2000s, followed by an increasing tendency that represents a recovery in the extension area of the species. This 30-year analysis demonstrated the Z. noltei's recovery in the study site, similar to that in other estuaries nearby and contrary to the worldwide decreasing behavior of seagrasses.
