ABSTRACT
Albinism is a rare phenotype that affects the pigmentation in eyes, hair, and skin. The effects of albinism in color vision are still unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate the color vision phenotype and genotype of an albino capuchin monkey. An adult albino male capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella) had the L and M opsin gene analyzed, and was trained in a behavioral task of color discrimination. Color discrimination thresholds were determined along 20 chromatic axes around the background chromaticity. A color discrimination ellipse was drawn by interpolation among these thresholds. The albino monkey's behavioral color discrimination ellipse showed poor discrimination along the red-green axis indicating a deutan phenotype. Genetic analysis revealed only the presence of the L gene in the albino monkey. This result did not differ from that obtained with ten previously tested non-albino monkeys. Behavioral and molecular analyses agreed that the albino capuchin monkey had color vision similar to that of non-albino dichromat monkeys, suggesting no influence of albinism on color discrimination.
Subject(s)
Albinism, Oculocutaneous/veterinary , Color Vision/physiology , Sapajus apella/genetics , Animals , Genotype , Male , Opsins/genetics , PhenotypeABSTRACT
Procura explicar a distribuição, por macrorregiões e estados, da previsão de dispêndios à conta do Orçamento Fiscal e de Seguridade para o ano de 1995. Analisa as informações relativas ao OGU-95 proposto pelo Poder Executivo e a lei aprovada no Congresso Nacional
Subject(s)
Public Expenditures , Health Expenditures , Federal Government , Budgets , Social Welfare , Unified Health System , BrazilABSTRACT
We report two patients and review six additional published cases with liver penetrating peptic ulcer diagnosed by the finding of hepatic tissue in endoscopic biopsies. Clinical and laboratory data were non-specific. The presence of a large (2 cm) gastric or duodenal ulcer, with malignant appearance, or a protruding mass, with secondary ulceration and located in the gastroduodenal posterior wall or in the lesser curvature of the stomach, may suggest the endoscopic diagnosis of this complication. Definitive diagnosis is established by endoscopic biopsies of the ulcer base and/or of the associated mass.
Subject(s)
Liver Diseases/pathology , Liver/pathology , Peptic Ulcer Perforation/complications , Stomach Ulcer/complications , Aged , Biopsy , Gastroscopy , Humans , Liver Diseases/etiology , Male , Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/complications , Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/pathology , Peptic Ulcer Perforation/pathology , Pyloric Antrum , Stomach Ulcer/pathologyABSTRACT
We report a patient with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia and diffuse nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the small intestine complicated by a jejunal malignant lymphoma. Immunopathological and histological studies showed a polymorphous centroblastic lymphoma with intracytoplasmatic IgM immunoglobulin and lambda light chains. Some mucosal nodules separate from the tumor mass showed atypical lymphoid cell populations similar to lymphoma cells, suggesting a transition between hyperplastic nodules and lymphoma nodules. Four similar cases, and six other patients with malignant lymphoma of the small intestine, associated with diffuse nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, but without immunodeficiency, have already been described. All these cases suggest that nodular lymphoid hyperplasia increases the risk of small intestine lymphoma.
Subject(s)
Agammaglobulinemia/complications , Intestine, Small/pathology , Jejunal Neoplasms/complications , Jejunum/pathology , Lymphoma/complications , Adult , Agammaglobulinemia/immunology , Agammaglobulinemia/pathology , Humans , Hyperplasia , Immunity , Jejunal Neoplasms/immunology , Jejunal Neoplasms/pathology , Lymphoma/immunology , Lymphoma/pathology , Precancerous Conditions/pathologyABSTRACT
We reviewed retrospectively 120 patients with histologically diagnosed gallbladder carcinoma and collected during 16-years (1974-1989). Age and sex, annual distribution, predisposing factors, histological findings, clinical manifestations, complementary diagnostic methods, therapeutic measures and follow-up of patients were analyzed. Our results suggest the following conclusions: a) the annual incidence of gallbladder carcinoma remains unchanged; b) there is a close association with gallstones; c) the late diagnosis is due to unspecificity of clinical manifestations and low diagnostic effectivity of complementary methods; d) computed tomography and laparoscopy are the more effective complementary diagnostic methods in advanced gallbladder carcinoma; e) early gallbladder carcinoma is only diagnosed casually in cholecystectomy pieces; f) only the early carcinoma (grade I or II) is curable.
