ABSTRACT
Bacteremia is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Nosocomial bacteremia is associated with an attributable mortality of 35%. In order to characterize the etiological agent of bacteremia cases during two time periods, 6605 patients were studied as follows: 1) from 1980 to 1982 (n = 2401) and 2) from 1988 to 2000 (n = 4204). A total of 596 cases of bacteremia were detected. The most frequent agents were Staphylococcus aureus, negative coagulase (CNS) Staphylococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. In the second period, an increase in the frequency of bacteremia caused by gram positive bacteria, particularly gram-positive cocci, was noted. Conversely, gram negative bacteria diminished significantly in the second period, specially enterobacterial species. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and CNS were significantly more frequently isolated in the second period. Infrequent agents of endocarditis, such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and Corynebacterium urealyticum, were isolated.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia/epidemiology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Bacteremia/microbiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/epidemiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/epidemiology , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The incidence of severe infections caused by Lactobacillus spp. is very low. This paper reports a case of a liver abscess and bacteremia due to Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The patient is a 73 year-old woman with antecedent of diabetes mellitus. She has undergone surgery and received antimicrobial therapy (ampicillin plus gentamicin). The clinical outcome was favorable.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Lactobacillus/isolation & purification , Liver Abscess/microbiology , Aged , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Disease Susceptibility , Female , Humans , Lactobacillus/pathogenicityABSTRACT
Las infecciones severas por Lactobacillus spp. son infrecuentes. En una paciente de 73 años, de sexo femenino, diabética descompensada, se presenta un caso de absceso hepático y bacteriemia causado por Lactobacillus rhamnosus. La misma fue sometida a laparotomía con drenaje de absceso del lóbulo derecho y tratada con ampicilina y gentamicina con una evolución favorable.
Subject(s)
Female , Aged , Liver Abscess/microbiology , Argentina , Bacteremia , LactobacillusABSTRACT
Las infecciones severas por Lactobacillus spp. son infrecuentes. En una paciente de 73 años, de sexo femenino, diabética descompensada, se presenta un caso de absceso hepático y bacteriemia causado por Lactobacillus rhamnosus. La misma fue sometida a laparotomía con drenaje de absceso del lóbulo derecho y tratada con ampicilina y gentamicina con una evolución favorable. (AU)
Subject(s)
Female , Aged , Liver Abscess/microbiology , Bacteremia/microbiology , Lactobacillus/pathogenicity , ArgentinaABSTRACT
Bacteremia is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Nosocomial bacteremia is associated with an attributable mortality of 35
. In order to characterize the etiological agent of bacteremia cases during two time periods, 6605 patients were studied as follows: 1) from 1980 to 1982 (n = 2401) and 2) from 1988 to 2000 (n = 4204). A total of 596 cases of bacteremia were detected. The most frequent agents were Staphylococcus aureus, negative coagulase (CNS) Staphylococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. In the second period, an increase in the frequency of bacteremia caused by gram positive bacteria, particularly gram-positive cocci, was noted. Conversely, gram negative bacteria diminished significantly in the second period, specially enterobacterial species. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and CNS were significantly more frequently isolated in the second period. Infrequent agents of endocarditis, such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and Corynebacterium urealyticum, were isolated.
ABSTRACT
The incidence of severe infections caused by Lactobacillus spp. is very low. This paper reports a case of a liver abscess and bacteremia due to Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The patient is a 73 year-old woman with antecedent of diabetes mellitus. She has undergone surgery and received antimicrobial therapy (ampicillin plus gentamicin). The clinical outcome was favorable.
ABSTRACT
Bacteremia is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Nosocomial bacteremia is associated with an attributable mortality of 35
. In order to characterize the etiological agent of bacteremia cases during two time periods, 6605 patients were studied as follows: 1) from 1980 to 1982 (n = 2401) and 2) from 1988 to 2000 (n = 4204). A total of 596 cases of bacteremia were detected. The most frequent agents were Staphylococcus aureus, negative coagulase (CNS) Staphylococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. In the second period, an increase in the frequency of bacteremia caused by gram positive bacteria, particularly gram-positive cocci, was noted. Conversely, gram negative bacteria diminished significantly in the second period, specially enterobacterial species. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and CNS were significantly more frequently isolated in the second period. Infrequent agents of endocarditis, such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and Corynebacterium urealyticum, were isolated.
ABSTRACT
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a bacterial pharyngeal pathogen that predominantly infects adolescents and young adults. It rarely causes severe infection. A case of sinusitis in an 18-year-old female patient with a skin rash is presented. The strain was susceptible to erythromicin, ampicilin, vancomicin, cephalotin, clindamicin, rifampicin and penicillin. Erythromicin has been proposed as first-line therapy.
Subject(s)
Actinomycetaceae/isolation & purification , Actinomycetales Infections/microbiology , Rhinitis/microbiology , Sinusitis/microbiology , Actinomycetales Infections/drug therapy , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Rhinitis/drug therapy , Sinusitis/drug therapyABSTRACT
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a bacterial pharyngeal pathogen that predominantly infects adolescents and young adults. It rarely causes severe infection. A case of sinusitis in an 18-year-old female patient with a skin rash is presented. The strain was susceptible to erythromicin, ampicilin, vancomicin, cephalotin, clindamicin, rifampicin and penicillin. Erythromicin has been proposed as first-line therapy.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is a high prevalence of infection by Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in Argentina. AIM: To study cattle and pigs as a possible reservoir of EHEC in Argentina. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred two healthy animals (68 cattles and 31 pigs) from a livestock in Argentina, were studied. Stool samples were obtained with a rectal swab. The strains were identified by DNA hybridization with specific gene probes detecting Shiga-like toxin 1 and 2 (Stx1, Stx2), and hly gen related to fimbrial adhesin-associated plasmid. EHEC strains were serogrouped using commercial antisera. RESULTS: EHEC was isolated from 30 out of 68 bovines cultures (44.1%) and from 25 out of 31 pigs (58.1%). Isolates carrying genes codifying both Stx1 and Sxt2, were observed in 50% of cattle and 63.9% of pigs. The gene which codifies for hemolysin (associated to fimbrial adhesin) was observed in about 41% of EHEC isolates. Strains belonging to serogroups O26, O111, and O157 were isolated from cattle, and O111, and O157 from pigs. CONCLUSIONS: The high percentage of EHEC in both cattle and pigs and the presence of human infection-associated serogroups, suggests that these animals are a reservoir of EHEC associated with disease in humans.
Subject(s)
Carrier State/veterinary , Disease Vectors , Escherichia coli O157/genetics , Animals , Argentina/epidemiology , Carrier State/microbiology , Cattle , Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology , Escherichia coli O157/isolation & purification , Female , Genotype , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Prevalence , SwineABSTRACT
We report the most frequent species and serovars of enteropathogenic organisms in Rosario from 1985 to 1993. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was the most prevalent agent affecting 144/570 (25.2%) children; 0111 represented 41.8%, 055: 13.6%, 0119: 12.7%. Among enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) the most frequent were ETEC-ST 0128:H21 and 0153:H45. Shigella spp were isolated in 8.8%; S. flexneri: 7%, principally type 2 (59.5%); S. sonnei: 1.6%, and S. dysenteriae type 2: 0.2%. Campylobacter spp were found in 6.1% of patients; C. jejuni: 4.6%; C. coli: 1.4% and C. lari: 0.2%; except groups 0 13.50 and 0 4 (2 cases each), no predominant serogroups were found. Salmonella was isolated in 2.8% of cases, being the predominant serovar S. typhimurium until 1986, but a dramatically increase of cases due to S. enteritidis was observed since 1987. There was 1.9% of Aeromonas spp and 2 cases due to Vibrio cholerae non 0-1. No Yersinia was found. In patients with gastroenteritis due to Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella, or EPEC as the unique pathogen, leukocytes were observed in the faeces in 70%, 50%, 20%, and 10% of cases respectively.
Subject(s)
Diarrhea/microbiology , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Acute Disease , Aeromonas/isolation & purification , Age Factors , Argentina/epidemiology , Campylobacter/isolation & purification , Child, Preschool , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Feces/microbiology , Humans , Shigella/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Corynebacterium urealyticum has been recognised as causing inflammatory cystitis and other human infections. In our knowledge this is the first case of a prosthetic valve endocarditis due to C. urealyticum. It was diagnosed in a 61 year old male patient with a history of rheumatic fever, hypertension and aortic stenosis. He had undergone surgery to replace the aortic valve and to perform triple aortocoronary bypass. The isolate was not multiresistant. Endocarditis due to C. urealyticum is very rare. Corynebacterium species, usually considered as contaminants, frequently colonize surgical cardiovascular areas and must be taken into account as causative agents of severe endocarditis.
Subject(s)
Corynebacterium Infections , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Endocarditis, Bacterial/therapy , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
La revisión de diferentes estudios efectuados en nuestro medio entre 1970 y 1990 permitieron analizar algunos aspectos epidemiológicos de los M. org. más comunmente hallados en Rosario. La prevalencia de los diversos agentes fue significativamente diferente en pacientes de distintas edades, grados de nutrición, gravedad, fiebre, leucocitos en heces y épocas estacionales. E. Coli enteropatógeno se halló en más del 25 por ciento de los niños de toda edad, pero principalmente en menores de 5 meses y en pacientes internados. E. Coli enterotoxigénico (ECET) predominó en verano y fueron frecuentes las cepas productoras de enterotoxina ST. Entre las especies de Shigella predominó S. flexneri 2. Campylobacter resultó más frecuente que Salmonella, aunque se ha notado un nuevo incremento reciente debido a S. enteritidis. A diferencia de Vibrio, Aeromonas spp aparece con una frecuencia del 0,2-3 por ciento. Otros M. org. importantes fueron Giardia y Rotavirus. Ciertos agentes no habían sido hallados anteriormente, como Salmonella mbandaka, Shigella dysenteriae tipo 2, Vibrio cholerae no 0-1, Campylobacter lari. Algunos serotipos de ECET predominaron en nuestra zona respecto del resto del país
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Diarrhea/etiology , Diarrhea/microbiology , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Enterobacteriaceae/pathogenicity , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Shigella/pathogenicity , Argentina , Campylobacter/pathogenicity , Giardia lamblia/pathogenicity , Rotavirus/pathogenicity , Salmonella/pathogenicityABSTRACT
La revisión de diferentes estudios efectuados en nuestro medio entre 1970 y 1990 permitieron analizar algunos aspectos epidemiológicos de los M. org. más comunmente hallados en Rosario. La prevalencia de los diversos agentes fue significativamente diferente en pacientes de distintas edades, grados de nutrición, gravedad, fiebre, leucocitos en heces y épocas estacionales. E. Coli enteropatógeno se halló en más del 25 por ciento de los niños de toda edad, pero principalmente en menores de 5 meses y en pacientes internados. E. Coli enterotoxigénico (ECET) predominó en verano y fueron frecuentes las cepas productoras de enterotoxina ST. Entre las especies de Shigella predominó S. flexneri 2. Campylobacter resultó más frecuente que Salmonella, aunque se ha notado un nuevo incremento reciente debido a S. enteritidis. A diferencia de Vibrio, Aeromonas spp aparece con una frecuencia del 0,2-3 por ciento. Otros M. org. importantes fueron Giardia y Rotavirus. Ciertos agentes no habían sido hallados anteriormente, como Salmonella mbandaka, Shigella dysenteriae tipo 2, Vibrio cholerae no 0-1, Campylobacter lari. Algunos serotipos de ECET predominaron en nuestra zona respecto del resto del país (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Diarrhea/etiology , Diarrhea/microbiology , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Enterobacteriaceae/pathogenicity , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Shigella/pathogenicity , Salmonella/pathogenicity , Campylobacter/pathogenicity , Rotavirus/pathogenicity , Giardia lamblia/pathogenicity , ArgentinaABSTRACT
El interés por el género Aeromonas es creciente, tanto como causante de enfermedades diarreicas como extraintestinales. Produce cuadros intestinales a través de acción citotóxica y enterotóxica. Empleando agar sangre con 30 mg/l de ampicilina (ASA) se aislaron Aeromonas spp en 8 de 400 niños diarreicos y en ninguno de 230 controles no diarreicos. El aislamiento fue muy inferior en los medios tradicionales del coprocultivo, agar lactosa y agar Shigella-Salmonella, así como agar sangre sin ampicilina, en el que hubo sobredesarrollo de flora entérica. Cinco cepas aisladas fueron A. hydrophila, 2 A. caviae y 1 A. veroni biotipo sobria. Cuatro de cinco cepas probadas resultaron enterotoxigénicas en asa de conejo. Todas las cepas fueron hemolíticas; 6 fueron Voges Proskauer (+), lisina decarboxilasa (+) y glucosa con gas (+), características que han sido relacionadas con la virulencia. Todos los aislados resultaron resistentes a las aminopenicilinas con o sin sulbactama y sensibles a cloranfenicol, colistin, gentamicina, neomicina y norfloxacina. Dos cepas resultaron resistentes a sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Aeromonas/isolation & purification , Argentina , Diarrhea, Infantile/etiology , Aeromonas/classification , Aeromonas/drug effects , Diarrhea, Infantile/diagnosis , Diarrhea, Infantile/physiopathology , Enterocolitis/etiology , Enterocolitis/microbiology , Risk Factors , Virulence/drug effects , Virulence/immunologyABSTRACT
El interés por el género Aeromonas es creciente, tanto como causante de enfermedades diarreicas como extraintestinales. Produce cuadros intestinales a través de acción citotóxica y enterotóxica. Empleando agar sangre con 30 mg/l de ampicilina (ASA) se aislaron Aeromonas spp en 8 de 400 niños diarreicos y en ninguno de 230 controles no diarreicos. El aislamiento fue muy inferior en los medios tradicionales del coprocultivo, agar lactosa y agar Shigella-Salmonella, así como agar sangre sin ampicilina, en el que hubo sobredesarrollo de flora entérica. Cinco cepas aisladas fueron A. hydrophila, 2 A. caviae y 1 A. veroni biotipo sobria. Cuatro de cinco cepas probadas resultaron enterotoxigénicas en asa de conejo. Todas las cepas fueron hemolíticas; 6 fueron Voges Proskauer (+), lisina decarboxilasa (+) y glucosa con gas (+), características que han sido relacionadas con la virulencia. Todos los aislados resultaron resistentes a las aminopenicilinas con o sin sulbactama y sensibles a cloranfenicol, colistin, gentamicina, neomicina y norfloxacina. Dos cepas resultaron resistentes a sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Aeromonas/isolation & purification , Diarrhea, Infantile/etiology , Argentina , Aeromonas/classification , Aeromonas/drug effects , Diarrhea, Infantile/diagnosis , Diarrhea, Infantile/physiopathology , Risk Factors , Enterocolitis/etiology , Enterocolitis/microbiology , Virulence/drug effects , Virulence/immunologyABSTRACT
Se serotipificaron 26 cepas de Campylobacter termofílicos por el método de hemaglutinación pasiva y se biotipificaron 62 cepas por el método de Lior. Dos cepas correspondieron al serogrupo 13/50 y otras dos expresaron antígenos del serogrupo 4; el 78 por ciento restante se distribuyó entre diferentes serogrupos; 21,7 por ciento de las cepas fueron no tipificables. Entre los biotipos, 47 (75,8 por ciento) correspondieron a C. jejuni, 44 (71 por ciento) al biotipo I, 3 (4,8 por ciento) al biotipo II; 14 (22,6 por ciento) a C. coli, 11 (17,8 por ciento) al biotipo I, 3 (4,8 por ciento) al biotipo II y 1 (1,6 por ciento) a C. lari. Las cepas de C. jejuni y C. coli resistentes al ácido nalidíxico pueden complicar la identificación
Subject(s)
Bacterial Typing Techniques/standards , Campylobacter jejuni/isolation & purification , Campylobacter/classification , Serotyping/methods , Campylobacter coli/isolation & purification , Campylobacter Infections/diagnosis , Campylobacter jejuni/pathogenicity , Culture Media , Serotyping/standardsABSTRACT
Se serotipificaron 26 cepas de Campylobacter termofílicos por el método de hemaglutinación pasiva y se biotipificaron 62 cepas por el método de Lior. Dos cepas correspondieron al serogrupo 13/50 y otras dos expresaron antígenos del serogrupo 4; el 78 por ciento restante se distribuyó entre diferentes serogrupos; 21,7 por ciento de las cepas fueron no tipificables. Entre los biotipos, 47 (75,8 por ciento) correspondieron a C. jejuni, 44 (71 por ciento) al biotipo I, 3 (4,8 por ciento) al biotipo II; 14 (22,6 por ciento) a C. coli, 11 (17,8 por ciento) al biotipo I, 3 (4,8 por ciento) al biotipo II y 1 (1,6 por ciento) a C. lari. Las cepas de C. jejuni y C. coli resistentes al ácido nalidíxico pueden complicar la identificación (AU)
