ABSTRACT
Establishing the infant's gut microbiota has long-term implications on health and immunity. Breastfeeding is recognized as the best practice of infant nutrition in comparison with formula feeding. We evaluated the effects of the primary feeding practices by analyzing the infant growth and the potential association with gut diseases. A cross-sectional and observational study was designed. This study included 55 mothers with infants, who were divided according to their feeding practices in breastfeeding (BF), formula feeding (FF), and combined breast and formula feeding (CF). Anthropometric measurements of the participants were recorded. Additionally, non-invasive fecal samples from the infants were collected to analyze the microbiota by sequencing, immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration (ELISA), and volatile organic compounds (gas chromatography with an electronic nose). Results showed that the microbiota diversity in the BF group was the highest compared to the other two groups. The IgA levels in the BF group were twice as high as those in the FF group. Moreover, the child´s growth in the BF group showed the best infant development when the data were compared at birth to the recollection time, as noted by the correlation with a decreased concentration of toxic volatile organic compounds. Interestingly, the CF group showed a significant difference in health status when the data were compared with the FF group. We conclude that early health practices influence children's growth, which is relevant to further research about how those infants' health evolved.
Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Volatile Organic Compounds , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Female , Child , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Breast Feeding , Immunoglobulin A , Infant FormulaABSTRACT
Environmental geochemical and health studies were carried out in urban areas of Villa de la Paz, S.L.P. (Mexico), where mining activities have been developed for more of 200 years, leading to the pollution of surface soil by arsenic and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn). The analysis of urban soils to determine total and bioaccessibility concentrations of As and Pb, demonstrated a combined contribution of the natural and anthropogenic concentrations in the site, at levels higher than the environmental guideline values that provoke a human health risk. Contour soil mapping confirmed that historical mine waste deposits without environmental control measures, are the main source of pollution soil by As and Pb in the site. Exposure (Pb in blood and As in urine) and effect (micronucleated exfoliated cells assay) biological monitoring were then carried out in the childhood population of the site and in a control site. The exposure biological monitoring demonstrated that at least 20-30 % of children presented Pb and As exposure values higher than the national and international maximum intervention values. The effect biomonitoring by MEC assay confirmed that there is a genotoxic damage in local childhood population that could be associated with the arsenic exposure in the site.
Subject(s)
Arsenic/chemistry , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Lead/chemistry , Soil Pollutants/toxicity , Child , Child, Preschool , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Humans , Mexico , Micronucleus Tests , Mining , Risk Assessment , Soil Pollutants/chemistry , Urban HealthABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio en una pequeña región de la zona Huasteca del Estado de San Luis Potosí, en donde los factores climatológicos y socioeconómicos favorecen el desarrollo de ciertas enfermedades de la piel. Se estudiaron un total de 62 pacientes con dermatosis, 19 (30.6 por ciento) tuvieron enfermedades micóticas de las cuales las dermatofitosis se presentaron con mayor frecuencia (75 por ciento), y en menor proporción cromomicosis, micetoma y pitiriasis versicolor
