[Neuropsychiatric disorders in dementia: mechanisms and treatment approach]. / Neiropsikhiatricheskie narusheniia pri dementsii: mekhanizmy razvitiia i podkhody k korrektsii.

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia can manifest at various stages during the disease. Prominence and rate of progression may depend on nosological form of dementia as well as environmental factors, concomitant diseases et al. Each psychiatric symptom is based on the specific neurotransmitter imbalance and differentiated involvement of various parts of the Central Nervous System in the pathological process. Treatment in each case should be chosen individually taking into account the balance of benefits and risks of prescribed drugs.

[Autoimmune anti-NMDA-R encephalitis]. / Autoimmunnyi entsefalit s antitelami k NMDA-retseptoram.

Anti-NMDA-R encephalitis is a relatively frequent form of autoimmune encephalitis. Initial clinical features of anti-NMDA-R encephalitis resemble those of schizophrenia exacerbation which resulted in hospitalization of patients to mental care facilities. Taking into account high lethality and potential curability, detection of this condition is an important clinical problem. The authors describe a case report of encephalitis with NMDA-R antibodies. This report is the first in the domestic literature. The difficulties of timely diagnosis, diagnostic criteria and treatment algorithm are presented.

[Characteristics of Parkinson's disease course in the heterozygous carriage of mutations in the glucocerebrosidase A gene]. / Osobennosti techeniya bolezni Parkinsona pri geterozigotnom nositel'stve mutatsii v gene glyukotserebrozidazy A.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. Literature sources indicate the association of PD and mutations in the glucocerebrosidase A (GBA) gene. According to our study, the frequency of the two most common mutations in the GBA gene, N370S and L444P, is 1.85%. Mutation carriers have slower progression of motor symptoms, but are more likely to develop drug-induced motor fluctuations and dyskinesia. In carriers of GBA mutations, the severity of cognitive impairment corresponds to age-matched patients without mutations. Cognitive deficit in PD patients carrying GBA mutations primarily affects visual-spatial functions and often is associated with psychotic disorders and parasomnias syndrome. Other non-motor disorders in patients with GBA mutations do not differ from those in patients without mutations. In patients with PD and GBA mutations, a slower escalation of levodopa dose should be recommended because of the high risk of complications of therapy.

[The efficacy of piribedyl in chronic vascular encephalopathy with mild cognitive impairment]. / Vliianie piribedila na umerennye kognitivnye narusheniia pri distsirkuliatornoi éntsefalopatii.

OBJECTIVE: Cognitive impairment is a main symptom of chronic vascular encephalopathy (CVE) that impact the severity of illness. Symptomatic treatment is needed for the improvement of cognitive functions and quality of life. We studied the efficacy of piribedyl in patients with severe CVE. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients with mild cognitive impairment who met diagnostic criteria for CVE were enrolled. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: two groups received piribedyl in dose 50 mg per day during 3 months as monotherapy (group 1) or in the combination with ginkgo biloba in dose 240 mg per day (group 2). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Piribedyl reduced cognitive impairment and improved quality of life. Comorbid affective disorders can predict the effect of piribedyl on cognitive impairment in CVE. The similar efficacy of piribedyl was noted for monotherapy and in combination with ginkgo biloba.