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1.
Brain Sci ; 11(7)2021 Jul 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34356158

ABSTRACT

Studies have shown that children and adolescents with autism and their relatives present a high level of stress and more family problems, impacting parents' and caregivers' quality of life (QoL). Despite studies on this subject, there is no specific questionnaire to evaluate QoL in parents or caregivers of children and adolescents with an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in Brazil. Therefore, this study's primary purpose was to develop and validate a specific questionnaire to evaluate QoL in these individuals. The study was performed using the following steps: development of the ASD Parent/caregiver QoL questionnaire (autistic spectrum disorder parent/caregiver quality of life-ASDPC-QoL), subjective evaluation, validation of the questionnaire by the Delphi method, assessment of internal consistency, responsiveness, and reliability of the ASLPC-QoL, and administration of the questionnaire to 881 Brazilian ASD caregivers or parents. ASDPC-QoL comprises 28 questions divided into four domains (social, concerns, physical and mental health) with good psychometric properties (reproducibility, reliability, internal consistency, responsiveness, and validity). Our data showed that worries and physical health were the domains with the lowest scores in ASDPCA-QoL. ASDPCA-QoL did not differ among gender and age of child considering the total and all domains. Older participants (≥41 y/o) presented the best scores for social and worries domains but did not differ in other domains and the total. Parents or caregivers of ASD children diagnosed for more than three years have better mental and physical health domains than those recently diagnosed (up to 1 year) but did not differ in the total and other domains. Individuals with a partner and with the highest educational level present the best score for the social domain. Employed individuals showed better scores than unemployed ones for all domains and the total, except for worries, which did not differ. It also occurred comparing the individuals that do not use antidepressants and the ones that use them. Assessing and better understanding the QoL of caregivers is highly relevant. By understanding the social, worries, physical, and emotional health domains of caregivers, it is possible to track harmful aspects, prevent and treat pathologies, in addition to assisting in the implementation of effective public policies.

2.
Nutrients ; 13(5)2021 May 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34065154

ABSTRACT

Since the end of 2019, the world has been facing an unpredicted COVID-19 pandemic with consequences for the economy, environment, society, and health. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of death, bringing unbearable psychological pressure upon people worldwide. For celiac patients, the pandemic may represent an additional burden concerning the inherent aspects of celiac disease (CD) that compromise these individuals' quality of life (QoL). Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate Brazilian celiac patients' QoL during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by its outbreak and rapid spread and subsequent restrictive measures in addition to the dietary restrictions and other burdens caused by CD. This country-wide cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered instrument previously validated in Brazilian-Portuguese to investigate the QoL of individuals with CD. Data collected through the online self-administration of the Brazilian version of the celiac disease quality of life questionnaire (CDQ) comprised 674 CD individuals' responses. Although pandemics have historically posed a challenge for Brazilian population, this period was not associated with a negative impact on Brazilian CD individuals' QoL. During the pandemic, the QoL of Brazilian's with CD was more affected by gastrointestinal aspects than emotions and social aspects and worries. Gender, age, marital status, having (or not) children, occupation, and a positive test for COVID-19 did not affect CD individuals' QoL. However, the study revealed a larger burden and diminished QoL for individuals not following a gluten-free diet and those using antidepressants. Additional research is necessary to verify how the length of the pandemic will affect celiac individuals and then compare those outcomes compare to the COVID-19 period and after.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , Celiac Disease , Diet, Gluten-Free , Emotions , Pandemics , Quality of Life , SARS-CoV-2 , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male
3.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33218087

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 outbreak, caused by Sars-Cov-2, was officially declared a global pandemic in February 2020, after an unexpected increase in hospitalization and mortality. When faced with this new disease, social and physical distancing and quarantine emerged as solutions to reduce virus transmission. This article examines the quality of life (QoL) of the Brazilian population's during this period of isolation, due to the COVID-19 pandemic by analyzing; physical, psychological, social, and economic aspects. An online survey was distributed from 27 May to 14 August of 2020. A total of 1859 surveys were completed. Our results indicate that Brazilians were more affected by economic and social aspects than psychological and physical. Unemployed participants and individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 presented the lowest QoL. Females showed worst QoL scores than males, but having children did not influence the score. Higher educational level was associated with a better perception of QoL. Not following social distancing guidelines presented better scores in the psychological domain than the ones following restrict or partial social distancing rules. This study is the first to evaluate adults' QoL related to the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic in Brazil at a national level. Our data may help health authorities identify the main factors affecting the QoL of the Brazilian population, thereby orientating them to recover after the pandemic.


Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Quality of Life , Adult , Betacoronavirus , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19 , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2
4.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 17348, 2020 10 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33060610

ABSTRACT

There has been a significant increase in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the last decades that cannot be exclusively attributed to better diagnosis and an increase in the communication of new cases. Patients with ASD often show dysregulation of proteins associated with synaptic plasticity, notably brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The objective of the present study was to analyze BDNF serum concentration levels in children with classic forms autism and a healthy control group to determine if there is a correlation between ASD and BDNF serum levels. Forty-nine children with severe classic form of autism, and 37 healthy children were enrolled in the study. Blood samples, from both patients and controls, were collected and BNDF levels from both groups were analyzed. The average BDNF serum concentration level was statistically higher for children with ASD (P < 0.000) compared to the control group. There is little doubt that BDNF plays a role in the pathophysiology of ASD development and evolution, but its brain levels may fluctuate depending on several known and unknown factors. The critical question is not if BDNF levels can be considered a prognostic or diagnostic marker of ASD, but to determine its role in the onset and progression of this disorder.


Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder/blood , Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/blood , Adolescent , Biomarkers/blood , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Probability , Sensitivity and Specificity
5.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32993157

ABSTRACT

This cross-sectional study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, validate, and apply a Celiac Disease Quality of Life (CD-QoL) questionnaire to a representative sample of Argentina's celiac population. A previously developed and validated questionnaire (Celiac Disease Questionnaire: CDQ) was chosen as a tool for assessing the health-related quality of Life (HRQoL) of adult celiac patients in Argentina. Therefore, the study was performed in four stages: (a) translation and re-translation of the CDQ to Argentinian-Spanish language; (b) cultural adaptation and semantic evaluation; based on the Delphi method (c) validation of the CDQ by applying it to a representative sample of Argentinian celiac patients; (d) statistical analysis of the data. The result of stages (a) and (b) was a translated and culturally adapted an Argentinian-Spanish version of the CDQ, which was generated after reaching consensus between the corresponding four (phase a) and 10 (phase b) professionals involved in the different phases of this process. Among them, we can cite bilingual healthcare professionals with extensive experience in research and celiac disease, celiac patients, gastroenterologists, general practitioners, dieticians, and psychologists. The resulting CDQ proved to be an appropriate measuring tool to assess the HRQoL of Argentinian celiac patients confirmed by a good fit in the confirmatory factor validity analysis (RMSEA < 0.001 and χ2 = 267.325, df = 313, p = 0.971) and high values of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.7). A total of 191 participants accessed the questionnaire, and 171 individuals from 20 out of 23 Argentinian states completed the questionnaire. There was no correlation between higher educational level nor marital status with QoL. Individuals on a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) and those who do not take antidepressants showed higher QoL. Male gender also presented better HRQoL. There was no correlation between differences in HRQoL and age of the respondent, age at diagnosis, symptoms at diagnosis, or having other chronic diseases. However, a significantly higher score of HRQoL was reported among those individuals who disclosed having knowledge of CD related national regulations and benefits. This study highlights the importance of maintaining current public health regulations that support chronic disease patients, such as celiac patients.


Subject(s)
Celiac Disease/diagnosis , Celiac Disease/psychology , Psychometrics/methods , Quality of Life/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Adult , Argentina/epidemiology , Celiac Disease/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Language , Male , Middle Aged , Reproducibility of Results , Socioeconomic Factors , Translations
6.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 56(4)2020 Mar 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32218369

ABSTRACT

Background and objectives: The present study is the first known in Latin America to enroll a substantial number of Kawasaki disease (KD) patients with an extended follow-up. This study aimed to: (1) to expose the difficulties and delays in the diagnosis of KD in a developing country, (2) to describe and correlate the clinical features of this disorder with the children's age at the time of disease onset, (3) to correlate the frequent lack of early diagnosis with a delayed application of appropriate treatment, and (4) to describe the outcome and eventual recurrences of KD in our region. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and one participants (183 males and 118 females) included in the study were diagnosed and, subsequently, clinically followed for ten years (January 2007 to December 2016) at the Pediatric Rheumatology Walk-in Clinic of the Children's Hospital of Brasilia. Results: Episodes ranged from four months to two years. This rate of recurrence was well-above that disclosed by previous reports. Delay in diagnosis, in all age groups, caused an undesirable delay between the disease onset, the final diagnosis, and the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). KD recurred in 25 (8.3%) of the children during the first three years of follow-up. In seven patients, KD recurred twice, with an interval between episodes ranging from four months to two years. Conclusions: This rate of recurrence was well-above that disclosed by previous reports. In Latin America, aside from a handful of physicians and researchers, KD is being ignored. There is a pressing need to educate primary health care physicians and bring awareness to the fact that KD is not an exotic condition that affects only the Asian populations but a disorder that already exists among us and that frequently results in severe consequences.


Subject(s)
Age Factors , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/complications , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Developing Countries , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/epidemiology , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/physiopathology
7.
Nutrients ; 11(10)2019 Sep 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31569610

ABSTRACT

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten and affects approximately 1% of the global population. Currently, the only treatment available is lifelong strict adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). Chronic diseases such as CD affect patients and their family members' quality of life (QoL); particularly parents and caregivers who play an essential role in the child's care and treatment. A higher level of psychological distress has been found in the parents of children with chronic ailments due to limited control over the child's daily activities and the child's illness. In this context, the validation of a specific questionnaire of QoL is a valuable tool to evaluate the difficulties faced by parents or caregivers of children with this chronic illness. A specific questionnaire for this population can elucidate the reasons for stress in their daily lives as well as the physical, mental, emotional, and social impact caused by CD. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a specific questionnaire to evaluate the QoL of parents and caregivers of children and adolescents with CD. Overall results showed that a higher family income resulted in a higher score of the worries domain. In addition, having another illness besides CD decreased the QoL (except in the worries domain). The other variables studied did not present a statistically significant impact on the QoL, which was shown to be low in all aspects. Knowledge of the QoL is important to help implement effective strategies to improve celiac patients' quality of life and reduce their physical, emotional, and social burden.


Subject(s)
Caregivers/psychology , Celiac Disease/psychology , Parents/psychology , Quality of Life/psychology , Stress, Psychological/diagnosis , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Cost of Illness , Diet, Gluten-Free/psychology , Family/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Reproducibility of Results
8.
Nutrients ; 11(8)2019 Aug 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31426287

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of gluten contamination in naturally gluten-free meals from food services in the Federal District, Brazil. This is an exploratory cross-sectional quantitative study in which a total of 180 samples of naturally gluten-free dishes were collected from 60 food services in Brazil. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for the quantification of gluten. As established by the Codex Alimentarius, the threshold of 20 ppm of gluten was considered as the accepted upper gluten level for gluten-free food. A total of 2.8% (95% CI: 0.3-5.2%) gluten contamination was found in the samples. Among the 60 food services, 6.7% (95% CI: 2.7-10.6%) displayed at least one contaminated food in our sample. The occurrence of gluten contamination in naturally gluten-free preparations was uncommon and low on a quantitative basis.


Subject(s)
Food Analysis , Food Contamination/analysis , Food Services , Glutens/chemistry , Lunch , Brazil , Child , Cities , Food Labeling , Humans
9.
Nutrients ; 11(4)2019 Apr 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30987328

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, validate, and apply a questionnaire to the Brazilian non-celiac gluten sensitive (NCGS) population. We also aimed to estimate the prevalence of symptoms which affect Brazilian NCGS. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the NCGS questionnaire was developed according to revised international guidelines. Five-hundred-and-fourty-three participants responded the NCGS questionnaire. We evaluated the reproducibility and validity of the questionnaire which presents valid measures of reproducibility. This is the first specific self-reported validated questionnaire for NCGS patients in Brazilian Portuguese, and the first nationwide characterization of self-reported NCGS in Brazilian adults. Most respondents were female (92.3%), and the main intestinal symptoms reported were bloating and abdominal pain. The most frequent extraintestinal symptoms were lack of wellbeing, tiredness, and depression. We expect that the present study will provide a picture of Brazilian individuals with suspected NCGS, which could help health professionals and governmental institutions in developing effective strategies to improve the treatment and diagnosis of Brazilian NCGS.


Subject(s)
Abdominal Pain/diagnosis , Cultural Characteristics , Self Report , Translating , Wheat Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Abdominal Pain/epidemiology , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Health Status , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Prevalence , Reproducibility of Results , Wheat Hypersensitivity/epidemiology
10.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 94(5): 511-517, Sept.-Oct. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-975993

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To estimate the past-year prevalence of parental use of verbal and physical discipline in an urban sample. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two underprivileged neighborhoods with nearly 80,000 inhabitants. Complex sampling was used. The households were selected by applying two-stage probabilistic sampling with stratification. A total of 401 households (sample error = 0.1) were selected by maximizing the variance (p = 0.5). The cluster sampling indicated 33 census units (sample error = 0.05). The Brazilian Portuguese version of the WorldSAFE Core Questionnaire was used to assess parental use of moderate verbal discipline, harsh verbal discipline, moderate physical discipline, and harsh physical discipline. This questionnaire asks how often mothers (respondent) and/or their husband or partner use specific disciplinary tactics. Results: The mean age of children and adolescents was 9 years (SD: 4.5). The prevalence of harsh verbal discipline was approximately 37% (28.3% [95% CI: 23.4-33.3%] for more than three times). The prevalence of harsh physical discipline was approximately 30% (21.8% [CI: 18.2-25.4%] for more than three times). Boys had higher odds of receiving harsh physical discipline [OR: 1.56, p < 0.05]. Children and adolescents with learning problems and developmental delays had higher odds of being exposed to harsh discipline than their peers without these problems. Children and adolescents with chronic health conditions (e.g., asthma) had lower odds of receiving harsh physical discipline (OR: 0.4; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Parental abuse was embedded within children and adolescents rearing practices in these two underprivileged neighborhoods.


Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência no último ano de crianças e adolescentes expostos a disciplinas físicas e verbais pelos pais e mães. Metodologia: Estudo transversal conduzido em dois bairros vulneráveis que possuem aproximadamente 80.000 habitantes. Amostragem complexa foi utilizada. As casas foram selecionadas por amostragem probabilística em duas fases. O número de 401 casas (erro amostral = 0,1) foi definido pela variância maximizada (p = 0,5). A amostragem por cluster permitiu obter o total de 33 cluster selecionados (erro amostral = 0.05). Usamos a versão brasileira do WorldSAFE Core Questionnaire para identificar disciplinas verbais moderadas, disciplinas verbais severas, disciplinas físicas moderadas e disciplinas físicas severas. O questionário pergunta a frequência que as mães (respondentes) e seus maridos/companheiros utilizaram táticas disciplinares especificas. Resultados: A média de idade das crianças e adolescentes foi de nove anos (DP: 4,5). A prevalência de disciplinas verbais severas foi de aproximadamente 37% (sendo 28,3% [95% CI: 23,4-33,3%] expostas a mais de três vezes no último ano). A prevalência disciplinas físicas severas foi de aproximadamente 30% (sendo 21,8% [CI: 18,2-25,4%] expostas mais de três vezes). Meninos tem maior chance de disciplinas físicas severas [OR: 1,56, p < 0,05]. Crianças e adolescentes com problemas de aprendizagem e atrasos no desenvolvimento apresentam maior chance quando comparado com seus pares sem problemas. Crianças e adolescentes com problema crônico de saúde tiveram chance menor de disciplinas físicas severas (OR: 0,4; p < 0,05). Conclusões: Abuso paterno e materno está contido nas práticas cotidianas de educação nestes dois bairros vulneráveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Parents , Punishment , Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Child Rearing , Brazil/epidemiology , Poverty Areas , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
11.
Nutrients ; 10(9)2018 Sep 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30201860

ABSTRACT

Gluten cross-contamination in gluten-free food may jeopardize treatment of celiac patients. Considering the deficit of appropriate instruments to enable the implementation of safe production practices for gluten-free food, this study aimed to evaluate the application of a check-list elaborated for gluten cross-contamination prevention in food services. The instrument was applied in 60 Brazilian food services. Interobserver reproducibility and internal consistency of the check-list were tested. A score classification was created for establishments according to the food contamination risk assessment. Subsequent to the application and statistical analysis, the original instrument was reduced to a 30-item check-list. In the reproducibility analysis, none of the 30 items showed significant divergence among the evaluators (p > 0.05 in the Cochran Q test). The 30-item version of the check-list presented Kuder⁻Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20) = 0.771, indicating good internal consistency. The proposed classification score is obtained by adding 1 point for each item with an "adequate" response; therefore, the final score may vary between 0 and 30 points. Establishments with up to 15 points exhibit risk of gluten contamination, while establishments with a score above 16 points exhibit low risk of contamination. The check-list displayed good reproducibility and internal consistency, suggesting that it could be a useful gluten contamination control instrument in food services.


Subject(s)
Checklist/standards , Diet, Gluten-Free , Food Contamination/prevention & control , Food Services/standards , Brazil , Celiac Disease/diet therapy , Glutens/analysis , Humans , Qualitative Research , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Assessment
12.
Nutrients ; 10(9)2018 Aug 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30149623

ABSTRACT

(1) Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune disorder. The manifestations of the disease and the obligatory life-long gluten-free diet (GFD) are associated with the impairment of patients' quality of life. Therefore, the present study aimed to translate, culturally adapt and validate a celiac disease quality of life (CD-QoL) questionnaire and apply it to a representative number of Brazilian CD patients. (2) Methods: A cross-cultural Brazilian-Portuguese version of the CD-QoL was developed according to revised international guidelines. The questionnaire was administered to 450 celiac patients. The reliability, reproducibility and validity were studied. (3) Results: The Brazilian CD-QoL questionnaire presents valid measures of reproducibility and internal consistency. Early diagnosis is related to higher scores of Brazilian CD-QoL social, sub- and total scale. There was a positive correlation between higher education level and higher QoL. Individuals with partners tend to have a better emotional subscale of QoL. CD-patients who follow a strict GFD have highest QoL scale values. Men scored higher than women on the CD-QoL. All results were statistically significant except for the gastrointestinal subscale. (4) Conclusions: Brazilian CD-QoL allows comparative research between different celiac populations in the world. QoL research will help in the development of effective strategies to improve Brazilian celiac patients' quality of life.


Subject(s)
Celiac Disease/diagnosis , Cultural Characteristics , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires , Translating , Adult , Brazil , Celiac Disease/diet therapy , Celiac Disease/physiopathology , Celiac Disease/psychology , Cost of Illness , Diet, Gluten-Free , Early Diagnosis , Emotions , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Male , Mental Health , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results
13.
Mol Genet Genomic Med ; 6(5): 779-784, 2018 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30014583

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The frequency of HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 predisposing genotypes for celiac disease (CD) has shown significant variation among different world regions and has not been previously determined among the highly interbred Brazilian population. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of these genotypes among Brazilian newborns (NB). METHODS: We typed DQA1*05 - DQB1*02 (DQ2.5) and DQA1*03 - DQB1*03:02 (DQ8) alleles in 329 NB using qPCR technique. Subsequently we confirmed our results by PCR-SSP using a reference kit which further identified DQ2.2 (DQA1*02:01 - DQB1*02). RESULTS: Among the 329 NB, using qPCR technique: 5 (1.52%) carried both DQ2.5 and DQ8 variants; 58 (17.63%) carried only DQ2.5 (DQA1*05 and DQB1*02) and 47 (14.29%) carried only the DQ8 (DQA1*03 and DQB1*03:02) variant. The use of the PCR-SSP method yielded further information; among the 329 samples: 34 (10.34%) tested positive for DQ2.2 and among the 47 previously DQ8 positives samples, we found 10 (3.04%) that also tested positives for DQ2.2. CONCLUSION: 43.7% of the analyzed individual tested positive for at least one of the CD predisposing HLA-DQ genotypes in our group of Brazilian NB. The highest frequency was found for DQ2.5 positive subjects (17.6%) followed by DQ8 (11.3%); DQ2.2 (10.3%); DQ8 and DQ2.2 (3.0%); DQ2.5 and DQ8 (1.5%). We found no positive sample for DQ2.5 associated with DQ2.2.


Subject(s)
Alleles , Celiac Disease/genetics , Gene Frequency , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics , Brazil/epidemiology , Celiac Disease/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
14.
Arq Gastroenterol ; 55(1): 82-85, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29561984

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Celiac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Almost all celiac patients carry immune recognition genes coding for HLA-DQ2.5 and DQ8 heterodimers. Over the last few years, great importance has been given to HLA-DQ2.2 as probable predisposing variant, although controversies still exist regarding its relevance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine the possible existence of an association between HLA-DQ2.2 and celiac disease in Brazilian children by analyzing the prevalence of the predisposing variants for celiac disease in a representative group of children of a population in which this determination is still missing. METHODS: HLA-DQ typing was performed in samples from a group of celiac (n=100) and non-celiac children (n=110). All samples were tested for the presence of the following variants: DQA1*05-DQB1*02 (DQ2.5), DQA1*03-DQB1*03:02 (DQ8) and DQA1*02:01-DQB1*02:02 (DQ2.2). Fisher`s exact test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In the group of 100 celiac children, 78 (78%) were positive for DQ2, 13 (13 %) were DQ2/DQ8 and 6 (6%) were DQ8 positives. The HLA-DQ pattern in the 110 non-celiac children was as follows: positive for DQ2 in 33 (29.9%) samples, in 2 (1.8 %) was positive for DQ2/DQ8 and in 15 (13.6%) was positive for DQ8. We found significant differences between the distribution of some but not all of the analyzed alleles when comparing celiac and non-celiac children. CONCLUSION: The genotyping of celiac disease HLA-DQ predisposing alleles showed similarities with HLA-DQ patterns found in both European and non-European populations, which may be a reflection of the miscegenation, which gave origin to the current Brazilian population. No significant association was found between DQ2.2 variant and celiac disease in the studied population.


Subject(s)
Celiac Disease/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics , Adolescent , Alleles , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male
15.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 55(1): 82-85, Apr.-Mar. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888230

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Celiac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Almost all celiac patients carry immune recognition genes coding for HLA-DQ2.5 and DQ8 heterodimers. Over the last few years, great importance has been given to HLA-DQ2.2 as probable predisposing variant, although controversies still exist regarding its relevance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine the possible existence of an association between HLA-DQ2.2 and celiac disease in Brazilian children by analyzing the prevalence of the predisposing variants for celiac disease in a representative group of children of a population in which this determination is still missing. METHODS: HLA-DQ typing was performed in samples from a group of celiac (n=100) and non-celiac children (n=110). All samples were tested for the presence of the following variants: DQA1*05-DQB1*02 (DQ2.5), DQA1*03-DQB1*03:02 (DQ8) and DQA1*02:01-DQB1*02:02 (DQ2.2). Fisher`s exact test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In the group of 100 celiac children, 78 (78%) were positive for DQ2, 13 (13 %) were DQ2/DQ8 and 6 (6%) were DQ8 positives. The HLA-DQ pattern in the 110 non-celiac children was as follows: positive for DQ2 in 33 (29.9%) samples, in 2 (1.8 %) was positive for DQ2/DQ8 and in 15 (13.6%) was positive for DQ8. We found significant differences between the distribution of some but not all of the analyzed alleles when comparing celiac and non-celiac children. CONCLUSION: The genotyping of celiac disease HLA-DQ predisposing alleles showed similarities with HLA-DQ patterns found in both European and non-European populations, which may be a reflection of the miscegenation, which gave origin to the current Brazilian population. No significant association was found between DQ2.2 variant and celiac disease in the studied population.


RESUMO CONTEXTO: A doença celíaca é uma enteropatia autoimune, desencadeada pela ingestão do glúten em indivíduos geneticamente predispostos. Quase todos os pacientes celíacos possuem genes que codificam os heterodímeros HLA-DQ2.5 e DQ8. Nos últimos anos, mesmo com algumas controvérsias a respeito, tem se dado grande importância ao HLA-DQ2.2 como outra provável variante predisponente para doença celíaca. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do nosso trabalho foi determinar a provável associação entre HLA-DQ2.2 e a doença celíaca em crianças brasileiras, mediante a análise da prevalência das variantes predisponentes para doença celíaca em um grupo representativo desta população que ainda carece de dita informação. MÉTODOS: A genotipagem das variantes HLA-DQ foi realizada em populações de crianças celíacas (n=100) e não celíacas (n=110). A presença das seguintes variantes foi testada em todas as amostras: DQA1*05-DQB1*02 (DQ2.5), DQA1*03-DQB1*03:02 (DQ8) e DQA1*02:01-DQB1*02:02 (DQ2.2). A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: No grupo de 100 crianças celíacas, 78 (78%) foram positivas para DQ2, 13 (13%) para DQ2/DQ8 e 6 (6%) foram DQ8 positivas. O padrão de variantes predisponentes no grupo de 110 crianças não celíacas foi: 33 (29.9%) amostras positivas para DQ2, 2 (1.8%) DQ2/DQ8 positivas e 15 (13.6%) DQ8 positivas. Quando as prevalências de ambos grupos foram compradas, foram achadas diferenças significativas entre algumas, mas não todas as variantes predisponentes. CONCLUSÃO: A genotipagem das variantes HLA-DQ predisponentes para doença celíaca mostrou um padrão similar ao achado em populações europeias e não-europeias, o qual pode ser resultado da miscigenação que deu origem à população brasileira atual. Nosso trabalho não mostrou associação significativa entre a variante DQ2.2 e a doença celíaca na população estudada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics , Celiac Disease/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Alleles
16.
BMJ Open ; 8(2): e018803, 2018 02 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29444780

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a self-limited acute systemic vasculitis of unknown aetiology that predominantly affects infants and young children eventually associated with immunological abnormalities. Coeliac disease (CD) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterised by a permanent gluten intolerance, which affects genetically susceptible individuals of any age group, and can cause intestinal and systemic symptoms. Association of CD with KD has been previously described in a single study that disclosed a surprisingly high prevalence of CD in children with a history of KD. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the existence of a higher prevalence of CD among individuals with a history of KD, which would turn the screening for CD in patients with history of KD highly advisable. SETTING: Children with history of KD, diagnosed and followed at the Rheumatology Clinic of the Children's Hospital of Brasilia (Brasilia, Brazil). PARTICIPANTS: This study included 110 children with history of KD and a control group composed of 110 presumably healthy children. INTERVENTIONS: Participants underwent anti-transglutaminase and anti-endomysial antibodies tests and genetic typing for the presence of CD predisposing alleles (HLA-DQ2 and DQ8). Jejunal biopsy was performed when necessary, according the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition guidelines. RESULTS: Diagnosis of CD was confirmed in one (0.91%) patient with KD by positive serological tests, presence of predisposing alleles and CD typical lesions on duodenal biopsy. All serological tests were negative among the controls. The prevalence of CD predisposing alleles among patients with KD was 29.09%, similar to the prevalence found among controls, 33.64%. CONCLUSION: The detected CD prevalence (0.91%) does not confirm the existence of an association between KD and CD since this prevalence is similar to that found in the general population (≃1%).


Subject(s)
Alleles , Autoantibodies/blood , Celiac Disease/complications , Duodenum/pathology , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/complications , Autoimmune Diseases/complications , Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis , Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology , Biopsy , Brazil/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Celiac Disease/diagnosis , Celiac Disease/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , HLA-DQ Antigens/genetics , Humans , Male , Molecular Chaperones/genetics , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/blood , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/genetics , Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/immunology , Prevalence , Reference Values
17.
J Pediatr (Rio J) ; 94(5): 511-517, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28958798

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the past-year prevalence of parental use of verbal and physical discipline in an urban sample. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two underprivileged neighborhoods with nearly 80,000 inhabitants. Complex sampling was used. The households were selected by applying two-stage probabilistic sampling with stratification. A total of 401 households (sample error=0.1) were selected by maximizing the variance (p=0.5). The cluster sampling indicated 33 census units (sample error=0.05). The Brazilian Portuguese version of the WorldSAFE Core Questionnaire was used to assess parental use of moderate verbal discipline, harsh verbal discipline, moderate physical discipline, and harsh physical discipline. This questionnaire asks how often mothers (respondent) and/or their husband or partner use specific disciplinary tactics. RESULTS: The mean age of children and adolescents was 9 years (SD: 4.5). The prevalence of harsh verbal discipline was approximately 37% (28.3% [95% CI: 23.4-33.3%] for more than three times). The prevalence of harsh physical discipline was approximately 30% (21.8% [CI: 18.2-25.4%] for more than three times). Boys had higher odds of receiving harsh physical discipline [OR: 1.56, p<0.05]. Children and adolescents with learning problems and developmental delays had higher odds of being exposed to harsh discipline than their peers without these problems. Children and adolescents with chronic health conditions (e.g., asthma) had lower odds of receiving harsh physical discipline (OR: 0.4; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Parental abuse was embedded within children and adolescents rearing practices in these two underprivileged neighborhoods.


Subject(s)
Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Child Rearing , Parents , Punishment , Adolescent , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Poverty Areas , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires
18.
Viral Immunol ; 30(9): 675-677, 2017 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28972455

ABSTRACT

Rubella is an acute viral disease that usually does not generate sequels; however, in pregnant women the infection can cause serious abnormalities to fetuses, which are collectively called congenital rubella syndrome. In Brazil, population immunization was started in 1992, but few epidemiological studies have been conducted to assess vaccination coverage and seroconversion since then. The aim of this work is to evaluate the seropositivity of pregnant women to rubella virus after vaccination campaign was carried out in 2008. Serological tests for rubella diagnosis were performed in 87 pregnant women who attended the University of Brasilia Hospital, Federal District, Brazil. Antirubella IgG antibodies were detected in 83 out of 87 pregnant women (95.4%), with an age-independent seroprevalence. Only one woman was positive in IgM serological tests. Our data suggest high levels of vaccination coverage and antirubella immunization in the Brazil Federal District population.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/immunology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Rubella virus/immunology , Rubella , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Mass Vaccination , Middle Aged , National Health Programs , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Rubella/diagnosis , Rubella/epidemiology , Rubella/prevention & control , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Vaccination , Young Adult
19.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 61(5): 476-483, Sept.-Oct. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-887593

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of this study was to verify the presence of endothelial dysfunction and initial structural atherosclerotic changes in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Subjects and methods The study population comprised 31 diabetic children aged 6 to 12 years, divided into two subgroups according to the duration of the T1DM diagnosis: subgroup 1, with less than 5 years elapsed since diagnosis, and subgroup 2, with more than 5 years elapsed since diagnosis. The control group comprised 58 age-matched healthy children. Ultrasonographic techniques were used to measure the flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries. Results Children with T1DM with longer disease duration showed significantly decreased mean values of FMD compared with those in the control group. No significant differences between the groups were found in relation to IMT. The FMD percentage presented a moderate negative correlation with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose levels. Conclusion Our findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction may be already present in children with 5 years or more elapsed since diagnosis, even in the absence of atherosclerotic structural changes. The decreased vasodilation response correlated with hyperglycemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Diabetes Complications/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Atherosclerosis/physiopathology
20.
Arch Endocrinol Metab ; 61(5): 476-483, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28658349

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to verify the presence of endothelial dysfunction and initial structural atherosclerotic changes in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study population comprised 31 diabetic children aged 6 to 12 years, divided into two subgroups according to the duration of the T1DM diagnosis: subgroup 1, with less than 5 years elapsed since diagnosis, and subgroup 2, with more than 5 years elapsed since diagnosis. The control group comprised 58 age-matched healthy children. Ultrasonographic techniques were used to measure the flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries. RESULTS: Children with T1DM with longer disease duration showed significantly decreased mean values of FMD compared with those in the control group. No significant differences between the groups were found in relation to IMT. The FMD percentage presented a moderate negative correlation with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose levels. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction may be already present in children with 5 years or more elapsed since diagnosis, even in the absence of atherosclerotic structural changes. The decreased vasodilation response correlated with hyperglycemia.


Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis/physiopathology , Diabetes Complications/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Child , Female , Humans , Male
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