ABSTRACT
Gestational diabetes mellitus is most commonly observed in pregnant women and it was significantly linked with dyslipidemia, obesity and insulin resistance. The present study aimed to evaluate the association of obesity, insulin resistance risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. This cross sectional study included total ninety (90) subjects out of this 30 subjects with 1st trimester, another 30 subjects were considered 2nd trimester and remaining 30 were 3rd trimester. The fasting, post parandial blood sugars, glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile and insulin levels were measured and data was recorded. There was a significantly elevated levels of fasting and post parandial blood sugars, glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein (p = 0.0001**) in all the trimesters of gestational diabetes mellitus subjects. Additionally, we also observed significantly decreased levels of high density lipoprotein, insulin and HOMA-IR (p = 0.0001**) in all the trimesters of gestational diabetes mellitus subjects. The present study IR raises as the pregnancy progresses and it is linked to bad outcomes for both the mother and the fetus. All trimesters of gestational diabetes mellitus should be screened for IR, and early treatment may assist to lessen the resulting difficulties.
ABSTRACT
Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is mainly characterised by reproductive hormonal imbalance and increased androgen levels, ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic appearing ovaries on ultrasonography. The obesity is common factor to cause PCOS and this adipocytokines play an important role to cause obesity related disorders. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the role of adiponectin in women with PCOS compared them with healthy controls. This case control study included total eighty (80) subjects out of this fourty subjects with PCOS and remaining fourty (40) age and body mass index matched healthy controls. The fasting, post parandial blood sugars, glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile and adiponectin levels were measured and data was recorded. There was a significantly elevated levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein (p = 0.0001**) and there were no significant levels of fasting and post parandial blood sugars, glycated haemoglobin levels were observed in women with PCOS than in controls. Additionally, we also observed significantly decreased levels of high density lipoprotein and adiponectin in women with PCOS when compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0001**). The adiponectin shown a positive correlation with age, high density lipoprotein and negative correlation with total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein (p = 0.0001**). The altered adiponectin levels in polycystic ovary syndrome appear to form an important link between obesity and the complications of PCOS.
ABSTRACT
The type 2 diabetes mellitus is considering as metabolic disorder, the unfavourable long-term outcomes and closely associated with chronic inflammation. The present study investigated to explore the association of interleukin-6 and uric acid in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Newly diagnosed CAD patients with T2DM (100) and T2DM and CAD patients after 5 years (100) underwent detailed anthropometric, demographic, biochemical and experimental characterization. The serum levels of interleukin 6 were measured by enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay. The T2DM and CAD patients after 5 years had significant higher circulating levels of interleukin 6 and significant decreased levels of uric acid. The newly diagnosed CAD patients with T2DM had significant higher circulating levels of interleukin 6. Significant positive correlation was found between fat mass and IL-6, and negative correlation with uric acid and IL-6, (P<0.05). The both the groups of T2DM with CAD patients shown significantly elevated levels of interleukin 6, based on this findings interleukin 6 might be used as early predictable and prognostic marker for CAD in patients with T2DM.
ABSTRACT
Background Several studies have examined serum adiponectin concentrations in prediabetes, newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and other types of diabetes associated with the risk of T2DM and diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, the results to date are inconclusive. An aim of the current study is to determine whether adiponectin is a useful marker for the earlier development of T2DM and DN. Methodology This cross-sectional study included 400 subjects. Among the subjects, 100 were prediabetes subjects, 200 were T2DM patients, and the remaining 100 were healthy controls. The biochemical and clinical parameters of all patients were analyzed and the data were recorded. Results The mean levels of adiponectin were significantly lower in prediabetic subjects than in healthy controls (3.22 ± 0.98, 5.36 ± 2.24, p = 0.0001**). Furthermore, the levels of adiponectin were significantly higher in both the groups of T2DM patients when compared to healthy controls (19.85 ± 3.31, 11.83 ± 3.01, and 5.36 ± 2.24, p = 0.0001**). In both diabetic groups, adiponectin was positively correlated with body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and microalbuminuria, while negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. Interestingly, adiponectin had a reversed correlation in the prediabetic group. Conclusion Based on the results, the present study suggests that significantly decreased levels of serum adiponectin in prediabetic subjects might be used as a variable marker for T2DM. Moreover, adiponectin may useful for detecting the early onset of nephropathy, compared to microalbumin, as its concentration was significantly elevated in patients who were newly diagnosed with T2DM without nephropathy.
ABSTRACT
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal condition where women reproductive hormones are out of endocrinal balance. Women with PCOS frequently exhibit obesity, which causes irregularities in the levels of adipocytes like adiponectin. It is hypothesized that the altered adiponectin levels also play a role in the endocrine and metabolic abnormalities seen in PCOS women. We aimed to study the association of adiponectin levels with PCOS women. This case control study included 60 PCOS women under 30 age, and BMI matched healthy controls were recruited. For all the subjects Biochemical and serum adiponectin were determined. The serum adiponectin shows significantly decreased in PCOS women when compared to healthy controls (P <0.001**). This levels were inversely associated with BMI and total cholesterol, triglycerides in women with PCOS (P<0.001**). The significantly decreased levels of serum adiponectin can be useful for diagnostic and prognostic tool for PCOS in women and its application can be used for the success of specific emerging treatment modalities where the follow up shows improvement of levels of adiponectin.
ABSTRACT
Diabetic kidney disease is a common cause of end stage renal disease has a high incidence rate in population with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Adiponectin is an adipocytokine shown to strive anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative as well as anti-inflammatory. The present study aimed to determine the serum adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus and explore its association with nephropathy. This cross sectional study recruited 90 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with (n = 60) and without nephropathy (n = 30). Additionally 30 age, gender, and body mass index matched healthy controls were included. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method were used to determine adiponectin concentration. Blood sugars, glycated hemoglobin, body mass index all sounded to be brawny risk factors for nephropathy and microalbumin, e GFR showed a significant association with kidney disease progression in type 2 diabetes mellitus with nephropathy. Both the groups of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients had elevated adiponectin concentrations than controls. Serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus without nephropathy and there was a significant association with nephropathy activity (P<0.0001**). The receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used to examine the diagnostic performance of adiponectin for nephropathy shown a significant area under the curve 0.998 with sensitivity 100% and specificity 93.33% (P<0.0001**). Hence our study findings concluded that serum adiponectin concentrations considered for the early predictable and prognostic marker for nephropathy.
ABSTRACT
Diabetic nephropathy is a one of the risk factor for end stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Urinary micr oalbumin currently marker using for diagnosis of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its larger variability and less specificity. Urinary nephrin is podocyte protein can be act as a early predictable and prognostic marker than micro albumin for nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This case-control prospective observational study included 60 type 2 diabetes mellitus and 30 controls after applying criteria. Basic biochemical, clinical and experimental data were measured and recorded. There was a significantly elevated level of urinary nephrin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients when compared to controls. The urinary nephrin significantly elevated in normo albuminuria group only when compared to urinary ACR and it is positive association with kidney damage. This study concluded significantly elevated levels of urinary nephrin might be used for early diagnosis and prognostic marker for nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
