ABSTRACT
Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are a new class of anticoagulant drugs used in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Anticoagulation requires the integration of the correct type and dose of oral anticoagulants based on patient characteristic, and therefore therapy needs to be individualized for each patient. Growing scientific evidence from studies on NOACs has led to a better understanding of their benefits and safety. A large amount of available data creates a necessity for an adaptable practical document for the usage of NOACs in India. The current consensus, developed by experts from India, aims to give recommendations on various frequently raised clinical questions with regards to NOACs and its usage. This practical document provides a platform upon which future guidelines, policies, training, and education for the use of NOACs can be tailored.
ABSTRACT
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is an underdiagnosed cardiomyopathy which commonly presents in young adults with ventricular tachycardia or sudden cardiac death. We report a case of ARVD presenting with features of acute ischemic cerebrovascular stroke. The suspicion of ARVD came only when the echocardiogram revealed dilatation and abnormal wall motion of the right ventricle in the presence of certain ECG findings consistent with ARVD. The diagnosis was later confirmed by cardiac MRI which is one of the most specific diagnostic tests for ARVD.
Subject(s)
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/complications , Brain Ischemia/etiology , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Stroke/etiology , Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/diagnostic imaging , Brain Ischemia/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Stroke/diagnostic imaging , Young AdultABSTRACT
A 62-year-old male smoker with no other comorbidities presented to emergency department with systemic anaphylaxis, due to oral diclofenac for toothache. He developed acute anterior wall myocardial infarction following IM epinephrine 1 mg 1:1000. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention was done, which showed a thrombus in the mid left anterior descending artery with no evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease after thrombus aspiration.
Subject(s)
Anaphylaxis/chemically induced , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Diclofenac/adverse effects , Epinephrine/adverse effects , Myocardial Infarction/chemically induced , Vasoconstrictor Agents/adverse effects , Anaphylaxis/complications , Anaphylaxis/diagnosis , Anaphylaxis/drug therapy , Epinephrine/therapeutic use , Humans , Injections, Intramuscular , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Vasoconstrictor Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Pyrethroids are common household insecticides. Even though they are less toxic to humans, reports of accidental and suicidal poisoning are not uncommon. Cardiotoxicity due to pyrethroid poisoning is rare. We report a case of cardiac conduction disturbance due to a pyrethroid, prallethrin. A 28-year-old female presented after a suicidal consumption of prallethrin. Her clinical and laboratory parameters were normal during the first 24 h of hospital stay. On the second hospital day, she developed metabolic acidosis and sinus arrest with escape junctional rhythm. Despite correction of metabolic acidosis, the sinus arrest persisted for 3 days. She reverted back to sinus rhythm with bradycardia after this period and was discharged on the seventh hospital day. Her follow-up was uneventful. Pyrethroid poisoning can affect the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and nervous system. Most serious effects of the toxin in humans are seizures and coma. Mechanism of pyrethroid neurotoxicity is believed to be due to its ability to modify sodium, chloride, and calcium channels of the neurons. Our case raises the possibility that cardiac arrhythmia due to pyrethroid poisoning can occur due to its effect on sodium channels in the heart.
