ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to investigate relationship between the horse racing addiction and the health status indicators. METHODS: Surveys were conducted with visitors of the Korea Racing Association in Gyeonggi-do, from September 1 to September 24, 2017. We used the questionnaire, which contains questions to assess the horse racing addiction, mood depression, health-related quality of life, smoking amount, alcohol dependency, etc. Survey data were analyzed through t-test, chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis by SPSS program (IBM Corp., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: The pathological gambling group was 47.5% (n=38) of the visitors, and they showed a different racecourse use behavior compared to the normal group. In addition, we found that the pathological gambling group had a significantly different health-related quality of life score and a depression score from the normal group, and that the addiction score and the depression score had a linear correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Among the racecourse visitors, the ratio of the pathological gambler was considerably high, and the pathological gambling group showed different health-related quality of life score and a depression score compared to the normal group; especially, the depression score has a significant correlation with horse racing addiction. Therefore, the horse racing association and the health authorities should recognize the seriousness of the horse racing addiction, make an effort to select high risk users, and prepare a program to prevent pathological gambling.
Subject(s)
Humans , Racial Groups , Depression , Gambling , Health Status Indicators , Horses , Korea , Logistic Models , Quality of Life , Smoke , SmokingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#The purpose of this study is to investigate relationship between the horse racing addiction and the health status indicators.@*METHODS@#Surveys were conducted with visitors of the Korea Racing Association in Gyeonggi-do, from September 1 to September 24, 2017. We used the questionnaire, which contains questions to assess the horse racing addiction, mood depression, health-related quality of life, smoking amount, alcohol dependency, etc. Survey data were analyzed through t-test, chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis by SPSS program (IBM Corp., Chicago, IL, USA).@*RESULTS@#The pathological gambling group was 47.5% (n=38) of the visitors, and they showed a different racecourse use behavior compared to the normal group. In addition, we found that the pathological gambling group had a significantly different health-related quality of life score and a depression score from the normal group, and that the addiction score and the depression score had a linear correlation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Among the racecourse visitors, the ratio of the pathological gambler was considerably high, and the pathological gambling group showed different health-related quality of life score and a depression score compared to the normal group; especially, the depression score has a significant correlation with horse racing addiction. Therefore, the horse racing association and the health authorities should recognize the seriousness of the horse racing addiction, make an effort to select high risk users, and prepare a program to prevent pathological gambling.
ABSTRACT
The study in detection of perioperative myocardial infarction by serial ECGs and the analysis of risk factors involved was carried out from January 1994 to July 1996 on 87 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. There were significant differences in the mean CK-MB peaks and frequencies of flipping in LDH1/LDH2 among the 3 groups (group I: new Q-wave, group II: S-T change, group III: no ECG change). The ECG was considered positive for postoperative myocardial infarction if the new Q-waves appeared in the postoperative period or if S-T segment changes persisted for more than 48 hours. The hospital mortality rate was 3.3% and the perioperative infarction rate was 17.2%. The following risk factors of the perioperative MI were found: endarterectomy, decreased ejection fraction (< or =40%) and prolonged aortic cross clamping time. Left main disease, triple vessel disease, 3 or more graft, unstable angina and hypertension did not correlate with myocardial infarction. This study suggests that serial ECGs could be used as means of detecting the perioperative myocardial infarction after coronary artery bypass grafting.
