ABSTRACT
The search for new drugs against fungal infections is a major challenge to current research in mycotic diseases. The present article reviews the current types of antifungal infections, the current scenario of antifungal antibiotics, and the need and approaches to search for newer antifungal antibiotics and antifungal drug targets.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents , Mycoses/drug therapy , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/history , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Fungi/drug effects , History, 20th Century , Humans , Mycoses/microbiologyABSTRACT
A new macrocyclic lactone antibiotic mathemycin B (1) was isolated from the fermentation broth of an Actinomycete sp. culture Y-8620959. The structure of 1 was elucidated by high-resolution MS and interpretation of 2D NMR results. Mathemycin B is active against a variety of phytopathogenic organisms.
Subject(s)
Actinomycetales/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Macrolides , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Fermentation , Fungi/drug effects , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mass Spectrometry , Microbial Sensitivity TestsSubject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/metabolism , Ascomycota/metabolism , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Fungi/drug effects , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Spiro Compounds/chemistry , Spiro Compounds/metabolism , Spiro Compounds/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Arthrichitin (1), C(33)H(46)N(4)O(9), is a new cell wall active depsipeptide isolated from the fermentation broth of Arthrinium phaeospermum (HIL Y-903022). Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical degradation studies. Arthrichitin consists of serine, beta-keto tryptophan, glutamic acid, and 2,4-dimethyl-3-hydroxydodecanoic acid units.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Streptomyces/metabolism , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry, Physical , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Phenazines/chemistry , Phenazines/isolation & purification , Phenazines/pharmacology , Spectrophotometry, InfraredSubject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Peptides , Pseudomonas/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry, Physical , Molecular Structure , Nucleosides , Streptomyces/chemistryABSTRACT
A new glycopeptide antibiotic, balhimycin, has been isolated from the fermentation broth of a Amycolatopsis sp. Y-86,21022. Balhimycin belongs to the vancomycin class of glycopeptides and contains a dehydrovancosamine sugar. The biological activity of balhimycin has been compared extensively with that of vancomycin against methicillin resistant staphylococci and also against anaerobes. Balhimycin is marginally superior to vancomycin in its in vitro activity against anaerobes and in its bactericidal properties.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Vancomycin/analogs & derivatives , Actinobacteria/classification , Actinobacteria/metabolism , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Blood Proteins/metabolism , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Fermentation , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Protein Binding , Staphylococcus/drug effects , Vancomycin/biosynthesis , Vancomycin/chemistry , Vancomycin/isolation & purification , Vancomycin/metabolism , Vancomycin/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Two new secondary metabolites, aranorosinol A (1) and aranorosinol B (2), were isolated from a strain of Pseudoarachniotus roseus. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectral properties and chemical transformations and were found to be similar to aranorosin (3) isolated from the same strain.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/chemistry , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/isolation & purification , Spiro Compounds/chemistry , Spiro Compounds/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Ascomycota/chemistry , Bacteria/drug effects , Chromatography, Gel , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology , Fungi/drug effects , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Microbiological Techniques , Spiro Compounds/pharmacology , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Mersacidin (1) is a new peptide antibiotic containing beta-methyllanthionine. It is classified as a member of the proposed lantibiotic group of antibiotics, and is produced by a species of Bacillus. Mersacidin has a molecular weight of 1,824 (C80H120N20O21S4). The antibiotic is active against Gram-positive organisms including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but has no activity against Gram-negative bacteria or fungi.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Bacillus/metabolism , Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteriocins , Fermentation , Peptide Biosynthesis , Peptides/isolation & purification , Peptides/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Mersacidin is a new peptide antibiotic of the proposed lantibiotic family. It is active in vitro and in vivo against Gram-positive bacteria including the methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. Its in vitro activity is less than those of vancomycin and erythromycin but it shows much higher activity in the in vivo system than can be expected from the in vitro testing results. A water soluble potassium salt has been prepared which has an activity profile similar to that of mersacidin, but has better in vivo activity against Streptococcus pyogenes than the parent compound.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Animals , Bacteriocins , Female , Male , Methicillin Resistance , Mice , Peptides/pharmacology , Staphylococcus/drug effects , Streptococcus pyogenes/drug effectsABSTRACT
A new echinocandin type antifungal antibiotic, deoxymulundocandin, C48H77N7O15, was isolated from the culture filtrate and mycelia of a fungal culture, Aspergillus sydowii (Bainier and Sartory) Thom and Church var. nov. mulundensis Roy (Culture No. Y-30462). The structure was established by comparative GC-MS analyses of the derivatized acid hydrolysates of deoxymulundocandin and mulundocandin as well as by the high field NMR experiments (COSY, NOESY and DEPT).
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Aspergillus/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Echinocandins , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry , Peptides, Cyclic/isolation & purification , Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Alisamycin is a new member of the manumycin group of antibiotics produced by Streptomyces sp. HIL Y-88,31582, which taxonomically appears to be Streptomyces actuosus. Alisamycin is active against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, and has a weak antitumour activity.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Fermentation , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Polyenes/isolation & purification , Polyenes/pharmacology , Streptomyces/classification , Streptomyces/metabolismABSTRACT
Butalactin, [2-(4',5'-epoxy-hex-2'(E)-en)oyl-2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-2, 3-(Z)-butanolide] is a new antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp. HIL Y-86,36923. Taxonomically, the producing organism most closely resembles Streptomyces corchorusii. The strain also produces cineromycin B. Though butalactin is structurally related to 'signal molecules' such as A-factor, the anthracycline inducing factors and the virginiae butanolides, it does not show inducing activity for antibiotic production or aerial mycelium formation in the indicator strain. Butalactin possesses a weak antibiotic activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis , Streptomyces/metabolism , 4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives , 4-Butyrolactone/isolation & purification , 4-Butyrolactone/metabolism , 4-Butyrolactone/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Culture Media , Fermentation , Microscopy, Electron , Soil Microbiology , Spores, Bacterial/ultrastructure , Streptomyces/classification , Streptomyces/drug effects , Streptomyces/ultrastructure , Streptomycin/biosynthesisABSTRACT
A novel antibiotic, aranorosin, was isolated from the fermentation broth of a new fungal isolate identified as Pseudoarachniotus roseus. The antibiotic showed a wide spectrum of activity.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Ascomycota/classification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Ascomycota/metabolism , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Fermentation , Furans/isolation & purification , Furans/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Aranorosin, a new antifungal antibiotic, has been isolated from the culture filtrate and mycelium of a strain of Pseudoarachniotus roseus Kuehn. The antibiotic, C23H33NO6, contains a novel 1-oxaspiro[4,5]decane ring system. The structure (I) has been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical analysis.