ABSTRACT
In a clinical study, 366 radiographs--210 in an abaxioaxial plane, 156 in a dorsopalmar/-plantar view, of 179 bovines affected with laminitis were evaluated. Seven common findings were noted in laminitic claws: In the abaxioaxial plane these were rotation of the pedal bone (34.8%), radiolucency at the tip of phalanx III (31.9%), concave shape of the dorsum of the claw (18.6%), "ski jump" sign (16.2%), and radiolucency in the area of the dorsal laminae (10.0%). In the dorsopalmar/-plantar view a gross irregularity of the solar margin of the pedal bone (49.4%) or radiolucency of the pedal bone tip (34.0%) were evident. Bony proliferations in the region of the dorsal laminae (27.6%) and pedal osteitis at the solar surface of the pedal bone (18.6%) were not evaluated as being typical laminitic changes because they could not clearly be separated from the changes which depend on age. Changes in shape of the extensor process, shape of the dorsal surface of P3 were judged as physiologic variations. The distal displacement (sinking) of phalanx III could not be verified due to the lack of radiologic measurements in normal claws. A statistically proven correlation of laminitis with the septic pododermatitis circumscripta (deep Rusterholz' ulcer) could only be found for the radiolucency of the pedal bone tip.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Foot Diseases/veterinary , Hoof and Claw/diagnostic imaging , Animals , Cattle , Foot Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Hoof and Claw/anatomy & histology , RadiographySubject(s)
Ataxia/veterinary , Consciousness Disorders/etiology , Dogs/abnormalities , Portal Vein/abnormalities , Vascular Surgical Procedures/methods , Vena Cava, Inferior/abnormalities , Animals , Ataxia/etiology , Female , Liver/diagnostic imaging , Portal Vein/diagnostic imaging , Portal Vein/surgery , Ultrasonography , Vascular Surgical Procedures/instrumentation , Vena Cava, Inferior/diagnostic imaging , Vena Cava, Inferior/surgeryABSTRACT
Many veterinary practices possess an anesthetic machine with a rebreathing system, and therefore the facility to induce anesthesia under more cost-effective reduced fresh gas flow conditions in a semi-closed system. However, as the fresh gas flow is frequently far too high, the rebreathing element is used rarely or not at all, making the anesthesia unnecessarily expensive. The relationships between the fresh gas setting and the final concentrations of expired air are discussed, and experience in 53 dogs with minimal flow anesthesia (500 ml/min), an extreme variant of anesthesia induction using a semi-closed system with minimal excess gas volume and a high proportion of rebreathed gas, is described.
