ABSTRACT
The earliest (in preclinical stages) detection of malignant tumor process is a key factor in successful treatment of cancer. What methods and approaches are most suitable for this purpose? The paper presents current understanding of the biological basis of the process of malignancy and analyzes the comparative opportunities and prospects for early detection of cancer using molecular genetics and immunochemical approaches.
Subject(s)
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Immunohistochemistry , Molecular Biology , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Autoantibodies/blood , Carcinogens , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/chemistry , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/immunology , Humans , Neoplasms/chemistry , Neoplasms/genetics , Neoplasms/immunology , Stem Cells/pathologyABSTRACT
The article presents the results of analysis of lymph and blood in 78 patients with breast cancer of I, II. III and IV stages. The content of total protein, albumins, globulins and fibrinogens was detected to study the protein balance in biological liquors under various stages of cancer. The results testify that in oncological patients it is essential to detect protein content of blood and peripheral lymph with subsequent adjustment.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Fibrinogen/metabolism , Serum Albumin/metabolism , Serum Globulins/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/blood , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Humans , Lymph/metabolism , Middle Aged , Neoplasm StagingABSTRACT
The experimental study of liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension syndrome, modeled in 38 dogs, has been performed. Surgical treatment aimed on the portal decompression consisted of the implantation of the Celsite port-system. The reliable portal pressure decrease was observed in the first week of the experiment (from 269.3±17.8 to 157.4±26.5 millimeter of water). Portal decompression reasonably led to the improvement of the general state of the animals.
Subject(s)
Decompression, Surgical/methods , Disease Models, Animal , Hypertension, Portal/etiology , Hypertension, Portal/surgery , Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/complications , Portal System/surgery , Animals , Blood Transfusion, Autologous , Catheters, Indwelling , Dogs , Extracorporeal Circulation/instrumentation , Extracorporeal Circulation/methods , Hypertension, Portal/pathology , Hypertension, Portal/physiopathology , Liver/blood supply , Liver/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/physiopathology , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods , Portal Pressure , Portal System/pathology , Portal System/physiopathology , Portography , Prosthesis Fitting , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Treatment results of 54 patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension, complicated by diuretic-resistant ascites, were analyzed. Peritoneal port-system was implanted in 12 cases, the rest 42 patients had peritoneovenous bypass with the use of Levine's valve. Port-system implantation was possible in patients with contraindications for bypass, such as low central venous and intraabdominal pressure gradient, chylous ascites, ventral hernias etc. The use of peritoneal ports provides fractional reinfusion af the ascetic fluid, which excludes such complications as hemodilution and coagulopathy.
Subject(s)
Ascites/surgery , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Peritoneovenous Shunt/instrumentation , Adult , Ascites/drug therapy , Ascites/etiology , Equipment Design , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
Using the autopsy material obtained from 20 human corpses, the samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue of the gluteal, abdominal, inguino-ileal and axillar areas, as well as the samples of mesenterial, retroperitoneal, mediastinal, pararectal and paranephral adipose tissue was studied histologically. The average sizes of the lobes and of adipocytes were measured, and the degree of the development of connective tissue elements was determined. Adipose tissue was found to have a similar general structural plan in all the areas studied, however the differences were noted in the thickness of the interlobular connective tissue septae and in tissue vascularization. The gluteal, inguino-ileal and anterior abdominal wall adipose tissue had the highest density. The lobules of this adipose tissue possessed the minimal numbers of adipocytes that had the smallest size. The mediastinal, retroperitoneal and paranephral adipose tissue was classified as a relatively loose one. The velocity of lipodestruction depended the degree of the development of connective tissue septae: this process proceed most rapidly in the mediastinal adipose tissue and most slowly--in the gluteal adipose tissue. In all the other areas studied, the duration of lipodestruction was the intermediate one.
Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/pathology , Adipose Tissue/surgery , Lymph Node Excision , Ultrasonic Therapy , Adipose Tissue/blood supply , Adipose Tissue/innervation , Aged , Cadaver , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Based on an analysis of morphological investigations the authors have shown distinctions of the adipose tissue in different topographic-anatomical areas of man. It was found that destruction of fat with an apparatus of sonolipodestruction takes different time. This technology was most efficient when used in operations on organs of the abdominal cavity, in mobilization of the spleen. In combined operations for gastric cancer the technology with sonolipodestruction allows mobilization of the spleen and 10, 11 groups of lymph nodes in obese patients with minimal complications. The technology described improves results of surgical operations in gastric cancer.
Subject(s)
Abdominal Neoplasms/pathology , Abdominal Neoplasms/therapy , Lipectomy/methods , Salvage Therapy/methods , Splenectomy/methods , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/therapy , Ultrasonics , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The paper discusses the results of treatment of 316 patients with gastro-intestinal tumors metastasizing to the liver. Patients were divided into 3 groups by tumor localization (stomach, colon, rectum). The best results were reported in patients who had had cytoreductive surgery for primary tumor, radiofrequency ablation and chemotherapy (42). All patients of that group survived over 12 months.
Subject(s)
Digestive System Surgical Procedures , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/pathology , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/surgery , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Liver Neoplasms/surgery , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Catheter Ablation , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Survival Analysis , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The paper assesses c5266dupC (5382insC) mutation incidence among breast cancer patients, residents of the Republic of Bashkorstan and Tyumen Region. It appeared as high as 4%.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Gene Duplication , Gene Frequency , Genes, BRCA1 , Mutagenesis, Insertional , Adult , Bashkiria/epidemiology , Cysteine , DNA Mutational Analysis , Female , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The paper discusses experimental findings in support of ultrasound destruction of fat tissue at different sites. Rate of destruction was designed to match that of development of the connective-tissue stroma of adipose tissue and size of adipose cells. Parameters of adipose tissue framework at different sites may be taken into account during extended lymph node dissection using ultrasound liposuction in oncological practice.
Subject(s)
Lipectomy/methods , Lymph Node Excision/methods , Neoplasms/surgery , Ultrasonic Therapy , Humans , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The report presents an evaluation of the surgery given to 587 stomach cancer patients at the Republican Oncological Dispensary (1995-2005). There were 2 groups--surgery for tumor combined with lymph dissection D2 and cytoreduction (R1 and R2), on the one hand, and controls (standard, palliative and diagnostic operations), on the other. Splenectomy was performed in group 1 in 71.4%. According to complication and lethality assessment, surgery for tumor combined with splenectomy involved relatively higher complication incidence. Moreover, the end results of such treatment were as good as those in cases without splenectomy. Hence, spleen re-plantation into the round ligament of the liver may be a procedure of choice when the spleen cannot be saved.
Subject(s)
Spleen/surgery , Splenectomy/adverse effects , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Reproducibility of Results , Round Ligament of Uterus , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Combination of hiatal hernia (HH) and esophageal cancer should not be regarded as a mere coincidence. Radio-endoscopic and morphological evidence was evaluated on 481 HH cases treated at the University Oncological Clinic in 1999-2004. The analysis identified 41 esophageal cancer patients with oncological record.
Subject(s)
Cardia , Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Esophagogastric Junction , Hernia, Hiatal/diagnosis , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Cardia/diagnostic imaging , Cardia/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Esophagogastric Junction/diagnostic imaging , Esophagogastric Junction/pathology , Female , Hernia, Hiatal/diagnostic imaging , Hernia, Hiatal/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Radiography , Retrospective Studies , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Stomach Neoplasms/pathologySubject(s)
Chemical Industry , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Primary Prevention/organization & administration , Stomach Neoplasms/prevention & control , Bashkiria/epidemiology , Humans , Incidence , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology , Stomach Neoplasms/etiologyABSTRACT
Blood rheology was examined in 163 patients with gastric cancer. The 4th stage of the disease was detected in 51 of them. The following changes of blood rheology were found: changes of a blood and plasma viscosity and red blood cells hyperaggregation. These changes lead to hypo- and dysproteinaemia, erythron system disorders, endogenous intoxication, hemostasis disorders which correlated in severity with the disease stage. These patients need correction of rheological disorders.
Subject(s)
Blood Viscosity , Erythrocyte Aggregation , Hemorheology , Stomach Neoplasms/blood , Blood Coagulation Disorders/etiology , Blood Protein Disorders/etiology , Erythrocyte Deformability , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Stomach Neoplasms/complications , Stomach Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
The article treats of the problem of diagnosis of hiatal hernias. The authors have summarized the results of instrumental examination of 300 patients with hiatal hernias. Diagnostic potential is assessed of a variety of examination techniques (roentgenology, endoscopy, pH-metry, manometry) in pathology of cardia. New method of roentgenologic diagnosis of hiatal hernias is described.
Subject(s)
Hernia, Hiatal/diagnosis , Cardia/diagnostic imaging , Diaphragm/diagnostic imaging , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Esophagus/physiopathology , Female , Fiber Optic Technology , Gastric Acidity Determination , Humans , Male , Manometry , Middle Aged , Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial/methods , RadiographyABSTRACT
The integrative diagnosis is based on a simultaneous analysis of the data obtained by various methods of examination. Nine direct and 14 indirect symptoms of central pulmonary carcinoma were distinguished. Three introscopic complexes, that helped a correct diagnosis, were used in examinations of 147 patients with this condition. The presence of direct symptoms and combinations of 3 or more indirect signs were regarded as a manifestation of cancer. Metastases to the lymph nodes of the root of the lung were detected in 57.1% of patients, metastases to the mediastinum in 32.7% of cases. The results of biopsy were positive in 93.9% of the patients. The suggested method extends the diagnostic potentialities of the routine methods of investigation and helps optimize the algorithm of examinations and detect the tumors that are difficult to recognize.
