Assessing the drinking water quality in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2014 to 2018.

The objective of this study was to understand the drinking water quality state in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2014 to 2018 and to derive information that will provide a basis for improving the drinking water quality in the region. Monitoring data for drinking water from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for 2014 to 2018 were analyzed and the results were compared with GB 5749-2006, the Standard Test Method for Drinking Water, and GB 5749-2006, the Drinking Water Quality Standards. Data for a total of 30,613 water samples were assessed. Of the data for the microbiological index, sensory trait and general chemical index, and toxicological index, 89, 80, and 69% were qualified, respectively. For the toxicological index, the fluoride and nitrate nitrogen data were the least compliant. The water quality in all the cities was generally very suitable for drinking. However, there were marked differences in the qualified rates of drinking water in different areas and the qualified rates of the data for the three indexes were lower in rural areas than in urban areas. Given the varied issues with the drinking water quality, the relevant departments of League cities should implement appropriate and effective treatment measures to improve the drinking water quality and ensure it is safe for residents.

[Thirty-nine cases of stage 4 pressure ulcers treated by a two-stage method of debridement and skin flap transfer].

From September 2013 to October 2018, 39 patients (28 males and 11 females, aged 21 to 76 years) with stage 4 pressure ulcers were admitted to the General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command. The area of pressure ulcers ranged from 2 cm×2 cm to 20 cm×12 cm on admission. The two-stage method of debridement and skin flap transfer was exploited to repair the wounds. In the first stage, a thorough debridement was performed (26 cases underwent debridement once, 10 cases twice, and 3 cases for three times). The skin flap transfer surgery was conducted in the second stage after 6 to 12 days (local skin flap for 16 cases, vascularized island flap for 8 cases, fascial flap for 5 cases, gluteus maximus flap for 5 cases, and biceps femoris flap for 5 cases), with flap area of 4 cm×2 cm to 16 cm×10 cm. Some donor sites were closed by direct suture and the other donor sites which can not be sutured were covered by medium-thickness skin graft from the lateral thigh. All the pressure ulcers of 39 cases were healed with no sinus. During follow-up of 6 months to 5 years, no recurrence of pressure ulcer at the surgical site was observed; the flaps achieved soft texture and good appearance. Thus, the two-stage method of debridement and skin flap transfer achieved good long-term curative effect and could be a preferable option for treating stage 4 pressure ulcers.

[Anemia status and related factors among left-behind children in poverty-stricken rural areas, in China, 2016].

Objective: To explore the prevalence of anemia and related factors among left-behind children in poverty-stricken rural areas in China, to provide basic information for anemia prevention and treatment for children. Methods: Data from the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2016 were used to express the prevalence of anemia among left-behind children. By using the multistage stratified random cluster sampling method, left-behind children of the 6-17-years-old in poverty-stricken rural areas were recruited in this study. Blood hemoglobin concentration of these students was determined by cyanmethemoglobin method. Anemia was judged by the WHO recommended standard and combined with the sea level elevation correction standard. Frequencies of food intake were collected through questionnaires. Data was then available for analysis including the level of hemoglobin and anemia rates. Relationship between anemia and food intakes as well as other influential factors was also analyzed. Results: The overall anemia prevalence (AP) was 11.6% among the participants. Rates of AP among the 6-, 7-, 15- and 16-17-years-old were 21.1%, 18.0%, 20.6% and 17.3%, respectively. Rates of AP among left-behind girls of 10-11-years-old and the 13-15-years-old were significantly higher than those in boys at the same age (P<0.01) group. Factors including: being girls (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.23-1.45), at grade 7 to 9 (OR=1.47, 95%CI:1.30-1.67) and mother being migrant worker (OR=1.32, 95%CI:1.16- 1.50) had higher proportions of getting anemia. Factors as living in the western area (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.78-0.93), taking breakfast every day (OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.64-0.76), having meat more than twice per week (OR=0.84, 95%CI: 0.75-0.93) and having two kinds of vegetables per day (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.75-0.96) appeared protective. Conclusions: Prevalence of anemia in left-behind children from the poverty-stricken rural areas was high, including junior middle school students from grade 7 to 9 at the early stage of youth development, girls and children with mothers as migrant workers. Anemia should be reduced by promoting the protective factors as having breakfast, increasing intakes of meat and fresh vegetables.

Formation of and countermeasures for subacute coronary stent thrombosis in elderly diabetic patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and investigate the pathogenetic mechanism and countermeasures of subacute thrombosis (SAT) after coronary stenting in elderly diabetic patients. The clinical characteristics and pathogenetic mechanisms in 3 cases of SAT after stent implantations in elderly diabetic patients were retrospectively examined to determine the treatment strategies for SAT. Among 98 patients with diabetes who had coronary stents implanted or were >60 years of age, three (3.06%) had SAT. One case of SAT was diagnosed by angiography; coronary balloon dilatation, thrombolysis, and re-perfusion resulted in full recovery in this case. The second case involved potential SAT, and in the third case, SAT was not ruled out. Two cases were characteristic of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and one case, in which SAT was not ruled out, resulted in sudden death. SAT within a stent may be related to intraoperative stent malapposition caused by a grade C lesion, age, diabetes, chronic total occlusion, or postoperative irregular administration of medication.

Study of hole-injecting properties in efficient, stable, and simplified phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes by impedance spectroscopy.

Simplified phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using only two kinds of hosts and comprising either a neat MoO(x) hole-injecting layer (HIL) or a MoO(x)-doped 4,4'-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP) HIL were studied. The devices having the MoO(x)-doped CBP HIL are superior to the device having the neat MoO(x) HIL in terms of power efficiency and operational lifetime. Impedance spectroscopy studies revealed that both the reduced hole-injecting barrier height at the anode/doped HIL interface and the reduced bulk resistivity in the doped CBP HIL contribute to the improvement in electroluminescence characteristics. When increasing the MoO(x) volume percentage from 5 to 10% and then to 20%, the hole-injecting barrier height is decreased from 0.63 eV to 0.36 eV and then to 0.18 eV. The power efficiency of the device with a 20 vol % of MoO(x)-doped CBP HIL is more than two times that of the device with a neat MoO(x) HIL measured at a driven current of 5 mA/cm(2). Moreover, the lifetime of the device with a 20 vol % of MoO(x)-doped CBP HIL is more than three times that of the device with a neat MoO(x) HIL estimated at an initial luminance of 1000 cd/m(2). The MoO(x)-doped HIL further ensures the feasibility of the simplified phosphorescent OLEDs for potential applications.