ABSTRACT
A total of 120 surface water samples were collected from industrial and commercial districts of Ningbo, China in the wet and dry seasons. The concentrations of six heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Fe) in the samples were measured, the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of the six heavy metals were analyzed, and Pearson correlation coefficients of the six heavy metals were calculated. Combined with the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics and Pearson correlation coefficients of the six heavy metals, the main pollution sources of the two districts were analyzed, respectively. The risk of heavy metals in surface water to the exposed population was evaluated by calculating the health risk index and carcinogenic risk index. The results showed that the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in the surface water of Ningbo industrial district and commercial district differed greatly in different seasons. In the industrial district, the orders of the average concentration of heavy metals in the wet season and dry season were Fe>Zn>Ni>Pb>Cr>Cd and Fe>Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>Cd, respectively. The concentrations of Cr, Cd, and Pb in the wet and dry seasons exceeded the class â £ recommended values, following the degrees of Cr>Cd>>Pb and Pb>Cr=Cd, respectively. Sewage containing heavy metals was one of the major pollution sources. In the commercial district, the average concentrations of heavy metals in the wet season and dry season were in the order of Fe>Pb>Ni>Zn>Cd>Cr and Fe>Pb>Ni>Zn>Cr=Cd, respectively. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in the wet season exceeded the corresponding levels (class â £), and the degree followed Cd>Pb. Only Pb exceeded the standard in the dry season, with the exceeding standard rate of 60%. Road pollution containing heavy metals was the major pollution source, and heavy metals entered surface water mostly with surface runoff and precipitation. The carcinogenic risk posed by heavy metals in the surface water of the Ningbo industrial district and commercial district was very high, and the carcinogenic risk in the commercial district was much higher than that in the industrial district. The main carcinogen was Cr. Compared to the research results of the research group in 2015, the pollution degree of heavy metals has been greatly reduced. In the future, we still need to give adequate attention to the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in surface water in Ningbo.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of DSCC1 in LUAD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Based on TCGA and GTEx, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the expression differences of DSCC1 between the normal samples of GTEx combined TCGA and the unpaired tumor samples of TCGA, and to compare DSCC1 expression values between tumor tissues and paired normal LUAD tissues in the TCGA cohort. Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and logistics regression were used to compare the relationship between the expression of DSCC1 and the clinicopathological parameters. The biological function of DSCC1 was annotated by GSEA and ssGSEA, while Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic value of DSCC1. Furthermore, the time-dependent ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of DSCC1 in LUAD. RESULTS: We downloaded the RNA-Seq data of 513 LUAD cases. The expression of DSCC1 was significantly correlated with T stage (OR = 1.04(1.02-1.07), P = 0.002), pathological stage (OR=1.03 (1.01-1.05), P = 0.008) and TP53 status (OR=1.10 (1.07-1.14), P < 0.001). The high expression of DSCC1 was significantly correlated with DSS (HR=1.56 (1.07-2.26), P = 0.021) and OS (HR=1.53 (1.14-2.05), P = 0.004). Moreover, ROC curve analysis (AUC=0.845, CI (0.820-0.870)) indicated DSCC1 as a potential diagnostic molecule for LUAD. In the group with high DSCC1 expression phenotype, down-regulation of EGFR signal, reduction of IL-6 deprivation, cell cycle, and p53 signal pathway were significantly abundant. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression of DSCC1 was positively correlated with the infiltration of Th2 cells, T Helper cells. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that DSCC1 may be an important biomarker for the treatment of LUAD.
ABSTRACT
In order to evaluate the present situation and the potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in the surface waters of eastern Chinese coastal cities, the city of Ningbo was used as an example. From surface waters in Ningbo, 255 water samples were collected. The concentrations of six heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were measured for the samples. The potential ecological risk of these heavy metals was evaluated by calculating health risk and cancer risk indices. The results indicate that, in the surface waters of Ningbo, the average concentrations of the six heavy metals were in the increasing order of Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd > Cu. Three of the heavy metal concentrations exceeded the national environmental quality standards for surface water (GB 3838-2002, grade â ¤), and the order of exceeding the standard:Cd > Pb > Cr. Electroplating wastewater, metal waste produced, traffic pollutant, dyes, and coatings waste were the main pollutant sources. There were some potential health risks in over 70 percent of the surface waters in Ningbo, and the surface waters of the Zhenhai and Haishu districts had the highest potential health risk. There were three major potential health risk heavy metals, and their order of increasing risk was Cd > Cr > Pb. For adults and juveniles, the average carcinogenic risk indices were 17600 and 24800 times the critical values, respectively. Moreover, over 95 percent of the risks were attributed to Cr. The potential carcinogenic risk index of commercial areas with dense population was nearly 2 times that of the city average. The results indicated that the state of heavy metal pollution in the surface waters of Ningbo was very serious, thus the government should pay more attention to this issue.