ABSTRACT
A ring-opening/alkyne-carbonyl metathesis sequence of alkyne-tethered cyclobutanones catalyzed by AgSbF6 is realized for the first time to furnish multisubstituted naphthyl ketones under mild conditions. A range of substrates decorated with various substituents at different positions were all well accommodated. Preliminary mechanistic studies show that silver salt acted as a Lewis acid to facilitate both C-C cleavage of the cyclobutanone moiety and the subsequent metathesis between CâO and C≡C bonds.
ABSTRACT
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is known as an important mosquito-borne human pathogen that causes Japanese encephalitis and may lead to lethal effect. Since monocyte has been demonstrated to play transmissible role for JEV, rare study is reported to clarify the effect of JEV envelope (JEVE) protein on monocyte. This study intends to investigate the effects of JEVE protein inside monocyte. Notably, significant decreased expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA in RAW264.7 cells transfected with pEGFP-JEVE was observed as compared to those cells transfected with pEGFP. Increased p21(Waf1/Cip1) protein was observed in both pEGFP and pEGFP-JEVE transfected RAW264.7 cells. However, increased p53 protein was only detected in pEGFP-transfected cells but not pEGFP-JEVE transfected cells as well as the result that no increased expression of nuclear factor-kB was observed in pEGFP-JEVE transfected cells. These experimental results indicate the effects of JEVE protein in alleviating TNF-alpha mRNA expression that is associated with the increased p53-independent p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression and provide an explanation in the role of JEV transmission through monocyte.
