ABSTRACT
Monitoring radioactivity levels in the environment around nuclear power plants is of great significance to assessing environmental safety and impact. Shidaowan nuclear power plant is currently undergoing commissioning; however, the baseline soil radioactivity is unknown. The naturally occurring radionuclides 238U, 232Th, 226Ra and 40K, and artificial radionuclide (AR) 137Cs in soil samples around the Shidaowan nuclear power plant were measured to establish the baseline levels. Human health hazard indices such as external hazard indices (Hex), Radium equivalent (Raeq), outdoor absorbed dose rate (Dout), annual effective dose (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) were estimated. The average concentration of 232Th, 40K, 137Cs, 238U and 226Ra were 42.6 ± 15, 581 ± 131, 0.68 ± 0.38, 40.13 ± 9.07 and 40.8 ± 12.8 Bq per kg, respectively. The average Hex, Raeq, Dout, AED and ELCR were 0.40, 146 Bq per kg, 68.8 nGy per h, 0.09 mSv per y and 3.29E-04, respectively. These data showed an acceptable level of risk to residents near the nuclear power plant and that the current radioactivity in the soil may not pose immediate harm to residents living close to the nuclear power plant. The observed lower AED and 40 K and 137Cs concentrations were comparable to other studies, whilst ELCR was higher than the world average of 2.9E-04. The commissioning of the Shidaowan nuclear power plant is potentially safe for the surrounding residents; further continuous monitoring is recommended.
Subject(s)
Cesium Radioisotopes , Nuclear Power Plants , Potassium Radioisotopes , Radiation Monitoring , Radium , Soil Pollutants, Radioactive , Thorium , Soil Pollutants, Radioactive/analysis , Risk Assessment/methods , China , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Humans , Cesium Radioisotopes/analysis , Radium/analysis , Thorium/analysis , Potassium Radioisotopes/analysis , Radiation Dosage , Uranium/analysisABSTRACT
No studies have reported the isolation of serotype Salmonella Isangi from cases of salmonellosis in mainland China. We investigated an outbreak of foodborne disease with salmonella and collected the samples from the patients and surplus foods. Salmonella strains were isolated and the serotype was identified according to the Kauffmann-White scheme. The relatedness of the isolates was determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Antimicrobial susceptibility was conducted by the broth microdilution method. There were 74 diners in the case, 33 of which got ill, with an attack rate of 44.6% (33/74). A total of 24 samples were collected from the outbreak cases, six Salmonella Isangi strains were isolated and susceptible to all tested drugs. PFGE and WGS analysis suggested that the pathogen dissemination through a single or limited vector(s), the steamed fish and mixed food (fry spicy chicken, braised pork ribs, and goose leg), may be the source of infection or be cross-contaminated. We first report the characteristics of an outbreak and molecular strain relatedness of Salmonella Isangi in mainland China.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Foodborne Diseases/microbiology , Salmonella Food Poisoning/microbiology , Salmonella Infections/microbiology , Salmonella enterica/isolation & purification , Adult , Aged , Bacterial Typing Techniques , China/epidemiology , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Female , Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Middle Aged , Multilocus Sequence Typing , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Salmonella Food Poisoning/epidemiology , Salmonella Infections/epidemiology , Salmonella enterica/classification , Salmonella enterica/genetics , Salmonella enterica/immunology , Serogroup , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and the potential risk factors for acquiring HEV infection in the seafood processing factories in Yantai City of Shandong Province, China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five randomly selected seafood processing factories in Yantai City. Subjects were 15-66 years of age and were raw seafood processing workers, semi-finished products processing workers, and administrative staff, etc. Each participant completed a structured questionnaire and agreed to blood drawing. Anti-HEV IgG antibody was detected in the blood samples by ELISA method. RESULTS: A total of 1028 of 1044 eligible workers were tested for HEV IgG antibody (response rate 98.5%). The prevalence of HEV IgG seropositivity was found to be 22.20%. Occupation was significantly associated with anti-HEV IgG antibody seropositivity (p<0.05). Subjects who had direct contact with raw seafood had a higher anti-HEV IgG antibody prevalence (32.54%) than the semi-finished products processing workers (24.74%) and less exposed group (11.85%). HEV seroprevalence in the workers showed an increasing trend with the increase in working years, and this phenomenon was most obvious in raw seafood processing workers. CONCLUSIONS: There is a higher risk of HEV infection in those who have direct contact with raw seafood. This study will help identify the risk factors for HEV infection and provide guidance on controlling HEV infection in the seafood processing occupations.
