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1.
Ann Surg Oncol ; 24(7): 1897-1903, 2017 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28213790

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The inability to visualize the patient and surgical site directly, limits the use of current near infrared fluorescence-guided surgery systems for real-time sentinel lymph node biopsy and tumor margin assessment. METHODS: We evaluated an optical see-through goggle augmented imaging and navigation system (GAINS) for near-infrared, fluorescence-guided surgery. Tumor-bearing mice injected with a near infrared cancer-targeting agent underwent fluorescence-guided, tumor resection. Female Yorkshire pigs received hind leg intradermal indocyanine green injection and underwent fluorescence-guided, popliteal lymph node resection. Four breast cancer patients received 99mTc-sulfur colloid and indocyanine green retroareolarly before undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy using radioactive tracking and fluorescence imaging. Three other breast cancer patients received indocyanine green retroareolarly before undergoing standard-of-care partial mastectomy, followed by fluorescence imaging of resected tumor and tumor cavity for margin assessment. RESULTS: Using near-infrared fluorescence from the dyes, the optical see-through GAINS accurately identified all mouse tumors, pig lymphatics, and four pig popliteal lymph nodes with high signal-to-background ratio. In 4 human breast cancer patients, 11 sentinel lymph nodes were identified with a detection sensitivity of 86.67 ± 0.27% for radioactive tracking and 100% for GAINS. Tumor margin status was accurately predicted by GAINS in all three patients, including clear margins in patients 1 and 2 and positive margins in patient 3 as confirmed by paraffin-embedded section histopathology. CONCLUSIONS: The optical see-through GAINS prototype enhances near infrared fluorescence-guided surgery for sentinel lymph node biopsy and tumor margin assessment in breast cancer patients without disrupting the surgical workflow in the operating room.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Eye Protective Devices , Fluorescence , Lymph Nodes/surgery , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods , Surgical Oncology , Adult , Aged , Animals , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Humans , Indocyanine Green , Lymph Node Excision , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy , Swine
2.
J Biomed Opt ; 20(9): 096010, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26358823

ABSTRACT

A wearable all-plastic imaging system for real-time fluorescence image-guided surgery is presented. The compact size of the system is especially suitable for applications in the operating room. The system consists of a dual-mode imaging system, see-through goggle, autofocusing, and auto-contrast tuning modules. The paper will discuss the system design and demonstrate the system performance.


Subject(s)
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Optical Imaging/methods , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods , Equipment Design , Humans
3.
Sci Rep ; 5: 12117, 2015 Jul 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26179014

ABSTRACT

The inability to identify microscopic tumors and assess surgical margins in real-time during oncologic surgery leads to incomplete tumor removal, increases the chances of tumor recurrence, and necessitates costly repeat surgery. To overcome these challenges, we have developed a wearable goggle augmented imaging and navigation system (GAINS) that can provide accurate intraoperative visualization of tumors and sentinel lymph nodes in real-time without disrupting normal surgical workflow. GAINS projects both near-infrared fluorescence from tumors and the natural color images of tissue onto a head-mounted display without latency. Aided by tumor-targeted contrast agents, the system detected tumors in subcutaneous and metastatic mouse models with high accuracy (sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 98% ± 5% standard deviation). Human pilot studies in breast cancer and melanoma patients using a near-infrared dye show that the GAINS detected sentinel lymph nodes with 100% sensitivity. Clinical use of the GAINS to guide tumor resection and sentinel lymph node mapping promises to improve surgical outcomes, reduce rates of repeat surgery, and improve the accuracy of cancer staging.


Subject(s)
Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology , Neoplasms, Experimental/surgery , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy , Vision, Binocular , Animals , Fluorescence , Indocyanine Green , Mice , Mice, Nude
4.
J Biomed Opt ; 20(1): 016018, 2015 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25607724

ABSTRACT

Near infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has shown great potential for various clinical procedures, including intraoperative image guidance. However, existing NIR fluorescence imaging systems either have a large footprint or are handheld, which limits their usage in intraoperative applications. We present a compact NIR fluorescence imaging system (NFIS) with an image overlay solution based on threshold detection, which can be easily integrated with a goggle display system for intraoperative guidance. The proposed NFIS achieves compactness, light weight, hands-free operation, high-precision superimposition, and a real-time frame rate. In addition, the miniature and ultra-lightweight light-emitting diode tracking pod is easy to incorporate with NIR fluorescence imaging. Based on experimental evaluation, the proposed NFIS solution has a lower detection limit of 25 nM of indocyanine green at 27 fps and realizes a highly precise image overlay of NIR and visible images of mice in vivo. The overlay error is limited within a 2-mm scale at a 65-cm working distance, which is highly reliable for clinical study and surgical use.


Subject(s)
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Optical Imaging/methods , Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/instrumentation , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Algorithms , Animals , Equipment Design , Eyeglasses , Indocyanine Green , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Semiconductors
5.
Adv Cancer Res ; 124: 171-211, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25287689

ABSTRACT

Medical imaging plays a critical role in cancer diagnosis and planning. Many of these patients rely on surgical intervention for curative outcomes. This requires a careful identification of the primary and microscopic tumors, and the complete removal of cancer. Although there have been efforts to adapt traditional-imaging modalities for intraoperative image guidance, they suffer from several constraints such as large hardware footprint, high-operation cost, and disruption of the surgical workflow. Because of the ease of image acquisition, relatively low-cost devices and intuitive operation, optical imaging methods have received tremendous interests for use in real-time image-guided surgery. To improve imaging depth under low interference by tissue autofluorescence, many of these applications utilize light in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, which is invisible to human eyes. With the availability of a wide selection of tumor-avid contrast agents, advancements in imaging sensors, electronic and optical designs, surgeons are able to combine different attributes of NIR optical imaging techniques to improve treatment outcomes. The emergence of diverse commercial and experimental image guidance systems, which are in various stages of clinical translation, attests to the potential high impact of intraoperative optical imaging methods to improve speed of oncologic surgery with high accuracy and minimal margin positivity.


Subject(s)
Fluorescence , Neoplasms/surgery , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods , Animals , Humans
6.
J Biomed Opt ; 19(7): 076018, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25057962

ABSTRACT

The near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence signal in the 700 to 900 nm from molecular probes used in fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS) is usually weak compared to the NIR component from white light-emitting diode surgical light, which is typically switched off during FIGS to enhance the molecular fluorescence contrast of the image. We propose a simple solution to this critical issue in FIGS by removing NIR light from surgical light with a low cost commercial 3M cool mirror film 330.


Subject(s)
Optical Imaging/instrumentation , Optics and Photonics/instrumentation , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Animals , Chickens , Fluorescent Dyes , Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry , Optical Imaging/methods
7.
Opt Lett ; 39(13): 3830-2, 2014 Jul 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24978748

ABSTRACT

In this Letter, we present a novel imaging concept that a single imaging system can image different spectral bands with different aperture sizes. It is achieved by using a filter with different transmitted spectral bands in different annular rings as the aperture stop. This concept will enable more efficient system configurations and practical clinical applications. We have demonstrated this concept with a dual-mode near-infrared fluorescence image guided surgical system.


Subject(s)
Optical Imaging/instrumentation , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Equipment Design , Fluorescent Dyes , Humans , Indocyanine Green , Infrared Rays , Lenses , Optical Devices , Optical Phenomena
8.
Proc IEEE Inst Electr Electron Eng ; 102(10): 1450-1469, 2014 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26538682

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we present recent work on bioinspired polarization imaging sensors and their applications in biomedicine. In particular, we focus on three different aspects of these sensors. First, we describe the electro-optical challenges in realizing a bioinspired polarization imager, and in particular, we provide a detailed description of a recent low-power complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) polarization imager. Second, we focus on signal processing algorithms tailored for this new class of bioinspired polarization imaging sensors, such as calibration and interpolation. Third, the emergence of these sensors has enabled rapid progress in characterizing polarization signals and environmental parameters in nature, as well as several biomedical areas, such as label-free optical neural recording, dynamic tissue strength analysis, and early diagnosis of flat cancerous lesions in a murine colorectal tumor model. We highlight results obtained from these three areas and discuss future applications for these sensors.

9.
Opt Express ; 21(1): 1137-51, 2013 Jan 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23389007

ABSTRACT

Recent advancements in nanotechnology and nanofabrication have allowed for the emergence of the division-of-focal-plane (DoFP) polarization imaging sensors. These sensors capture polarization properties of the optical field at every imaging frame. However, the DoFP polarization imaging sensors suffer from large registration error as well as reduced spatial-resolution output. These drawbacks can be improved by applying proper image interpolation methods for the reconstruction of the polarization results. In this paper, we present a new gradient-based interpolation method for DoFP polarimeters. The performance of the proposed interpolation method is evaluated against several previously published interpolation methods by using visual examples and root mean square error (RMSE) comparison. We found that the proposed gradient-based interpolation method can achieve better visual results while maintaining a lower RMSE than other interpolation methods under various dynamic ranges of a scene ranging from dim to bright conditions.


Subject(s)
Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods , Nanotechnology/methods , Optics and Photonics , Refractometry/methods , Algorithms , Animals , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Equipment Design , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Light , Models, Statistical , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nephropidae , Reproducibility of Results
10.
Opt Express ; 19(27): 26161-73, 2011 Dec 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22274203

ABSTRACT

This paper presents bilinear and bicubic interpolation methods tailored for the division of focal plane polarization imaging sensor. The interpolation methods are targeted for a 1-Mega pixel polarization imaging sensor operating in the visible spectrum. The five interpolation methods considered in this paper are: bilinear, weighted bilinear, bicubic spline, an approximated bicubic spline and a bicubic interpolation method. The modulation transfer function analysis is applied to the different interpolation methods, and test images as well as numerical error analyses are also presented. Based on the comparison results, the full frame bicubic spline interpolation achieves the best performance for polarization images.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Computer-Aided Design , Optical Devices , Photometry/instrumentation , Refractometry/instrumentation , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis
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