Hsa_circ_0065217 promotes growth and metastasis of renal cancer through regulating the miR-214-3p-ALPK2 axis.

Circular RNA (circRNA) deregulation impacts on normal cell physiology leading to malignant phenotypic changes. Here, we determined the function of the circRNA, hsa_circ_0065217 in malignant renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Hsa_circ_0065217 was abundantly expressed in RCC tissue and cell lines, and its expression linked to advanced TNM stages, large tumor sizes, and lymph-node metastasis. Hsa_circ_0065217 silencing reduced in vitro RCC cell-line growth and aggressiveness. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0065217 promoted alpha protein kinase 2 (ALPK2) expression via its competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity toward miR-214-3p. Moreover, ALPK2 overexpression reversed hsa_circ_0065217 knockdown effects on RCC cell-line malignancy. Thus, hsa_circ_0065217/miR-214-3p/ALPK2 signaling putatively promotes RCC tumorigenesis and is a putative RCC treatment target.

[Characteristics of Methane Emission from Urban Traffic in Nanjing].

Urban traffic is an important source of greenhouse gases such as CH4. The observations on CH4 are the basis for quantitative analysis of urban carbon emissions. Taken into consideration the weekly and daily changing characteristics of urban traffic, we conducted experiments to analyze the features of traffic CH4emission and its influential factors. The experiments were conducted on 3 main roads in Nanjing on Oct. 17, 18, 20, 23, 2014 with 5 periods of observation per day, and in Nanjing Yangtze River tunnel in the morning and at night of Sep.11 2014. The results showed that:① The average concentration of CH4 on the urban main road of Nanjing city was greater than that of the background atmosphere. Affected by traffic conditions, the spatial difference of ΔCH4 concentration was significant on three typical main roads. ΔCH4 concentration's diurnal variation showed inverted "W" type, and its peak appeared in the morning and evening rush hours. ② Due to the "piston wind" in the tunnel, the CH4 concentration in Nanjing Yangtze River tunnel gradually increased from the inlet to the outlet and the difference of concentration between the inlet and the outlet was 0.21×10-6-0.38×10-6. ③ There was a good linear correlation between CH4 concentration and CO2 concentration. The atmospheric ΔCH4:ΔCO2 value of urban main road in Nanjing was 0.0091 and the atmospheric ΔCH4:ΔCO2 value of Nanjing Yangtze River Tunnel was 0.00047-0.0014. ④ Traffic volume and the proportion of natural gas vehicles were the main factors influencing atmospheric ΔCH4 concentration and ΔCH4:ΔCO2.

[Direct Observation on the Temporal and Spatial Patterns of the CO2 Concentration in the Atmospheric of Nanjing Urban Canyon in Summer].

Direct observation of urban atmospheric CO2 concentration is vital for the research in the contribution of anthropogenic activity to the atmospheric abundance since cities are important CO2 sources. The observations of the atmospheric CO2 concentration at multiple sites/heights can help us learn more about the temporal and spatial patterns and influencing mechanisms. In this study, the CO2 concentration was observed at 5 sites (east, west, south, north and middle) in the main city area of Nanjing from July 18 to 25, 2014, and the vertical profile of atmospheric CO2 concentration was measured in the middle site at 3 heights (30 m, 65 m and 110 m). The results indicated that: (1) An obvious vertical CO2 gradient was found, with higher CO2 concentration [molar fraction of 427. 3 x 10(-6) (±18. 2 x 10(-6))] in the lower layer due to the strong influences of anthropogenic emissions, and lower CO2 concentration in the upper layers [411. 8 x 10(-6) (±15. 0 x 10(-6)) and 410. 9 x 10(-6) (±14. 6 x 10(-6)) at 65 and 110 m respectively] for the well-mixed condition. The CO2 concentration was higher and the vertical gradient was larger when the atmosphere was stable. (2) The spatial distribution pattern of CO2 concentration was dominated by wind and atmospheric stability. During the observation, the CO2 concentration in the southwest was higher than that in the northeast region with the CO2 concentration difference of 7. 8 x 10(-6), because the northwest wind was prevalent. And the CO2 concentration difference reduced with increasing wind speed since stronger wind diluted CO2 more efficiently. The more stable the atmosphere was, the higher the CO2 concentration was. (3) An obvious diurnal variation of CO2 concentration was shown in the 5 sites. A peak value occurred during the morning rush hours, the valley value occurred around 17:00 (Local time) and another high value occurred around 19:00 because of evening rush hour sometimes.