Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their methoxylated metabolites in anchovy (Coilia sp.) from the Yangtze River Delta, China.

BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their metabolites are toxic to animals, and concentrations of the PBDEs metabolites can exceed those of the parent materials. But no information was available on concentrations of PBDEs metabolites in the lower Yangtze River in the region around Jiangsu Province of China, which is heavily urbanized and industrialized area. The aims of this study were to determine whether PBDEs and their methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs) were accumulated in Coilia sp. in this area and to investigate the potential sources for these two kinds of brominated organic pollutants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of four species of anchovy were collected from eight sites in the lower Yangtze River, Taihu Lake, and Hongzehu Lake. Concentrations of 13 PBDEs congeners and eight methoxylated PBDEs were determined by use of organic solvent extraction, followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The frequencies of detection for PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs were 92% and 53%, respectively. Concentrations of summation operatorPBDEs ranged from not detected (ND) to 77 ng/g lipids (ND-3.8 ng/g wet weight). Concentrations of summation operatorMeO-PBDEs in anchovy ranged from ND to 48 ng/g lipids (ND-8.2 ng/g wet weight). The PBDE concentrations in anchovy from the Yangtze River Delta were similar to or less than those reported for other species from other locations around the world, while the concentrations of MeO-PBDEs were comparable to or slightly less than those reported in other studies. This is the first report of MeO-PBDEs in biota of China. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study as well as those of other studies suggest that PBDEs in anchovy are primarily of synthetic origin and released by human activities, while MeO-PBDEs in anchovy are primarily from nature as natural products from the sea instead of metabolism of PBDEs in anchovy.

[Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in biota using GC/MS method].

The aim of this study is to build a method of determining PBDEs in biota, and to gain the optimum condition of preparation of samples, and the best condition of Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectrometer (MS). Also, the requirements of quality, quantity and experimental condition were assessed. According to the validation of the quality control (QC), the results proved that the analytical method satisfied the requirements of the determination of PBDEs in biota. The recoveries were between 50.5% and 112.3%, of which the relative standard deviations were between 5.3% and 9.9% , and the limits of detection were between 7.1 and 161.8 pg/g. Based on the determination method, several bred and wild fishes were analyzed. The concentration of PBDEs in the wild Chinese perch and crucian carp and 2 bred weevers were 1.53, 1.11, 5.31, 6.15 ng/g(dry weight), respectively, and the most congener was BDE47.