ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Being a traditional Chinese medicine, Geranium wilfordii Maxim (GWM) is used for the treatment of various infectious diseases, and its main active ingredients are the polyphenolic substances such as polyphenols quercetin, corilagin, and geraniin. Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-HSV-1 viral activity of these three main ingredients. Through employing a network pharmacological method, the authors of the present research intend to probe the mechanism of GWM for the therapeutic treatment of HSV-2 infection. METHODS: The bioactive substances and related targets of GWM were obtained from the TCMSP database. Gene expression discrepancy for HSV-2 infection was obtained from dataset GSE18527. Crossover genes between disease target genes and GWM target genes were gained via Circos package. Distinctively displayed genes (DDGs) during HSV-2 infection were uploaded to the Metascape database with GWM target genes for further analysis. The tissue-specific distribution of the genes was obtained by uploading the genes to the PaGenBase database. Ingredient-gene-pathway (IGP) networks were constructed using Cytoscape software. Molecular docking investigations were carried out utilizing AutoDock Vina software. RESULTS: Nine actively involved components were retrieved from the TCMSP database. After taking the intersection among 153 drug target genes and 83 DDGs, 7 crossover genes were screened. Gene enrichment analysis showed that GWM treatment of HSV-2 infection mainly involves cytokine signaling in the immune system, response to virus, epithelial cell differentiation, and type II interferon signaling (IFNG). One hub, three core objectives, and two critical paths were filtered out from the built network. Geraniin showed strong binding activity with HSV-2 gD protein and STING protein in molecular docking. CONCLUSIONS: This network pharmacological study provides a fundamental molecular mechanistic exploration of GWM for the treatment of HSV-2 infection.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To translate the original English version of the child perception questionnaire (CPQ(11-14)) into Chinese version and to test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version in order to use among the Chinese children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The original English version of CPQ(11-14) was translated into Chinese, and pre-tested and cross-cultural adapted. Subsequently, the Chinese version with a general questionnaire was administered to 218 children aged from 11 to 14, clinical data on caries status and malocclusion were collected through oral health examination.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Test-retest reliability was substantial (r=0.82, P<0.001). Cronbach's alpha of the translated scale was 0.79. The 16 items were divided into five domains by factor analysis. There was certain logical relation between the items in the same domains. There was highly significant association between perceived oral health status, perceived impact to quality of life by oral health and CPQ(11-14) score (P<0.0005). Significant relationships were identified between caries status and CPQ(11-14) scores (P<0.001), and between malocclusion and CPQ(11-14) scores in middle-school-group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The translated Chinese version of CPQ(11-14) demonstrated good reliability and validity. Its good psychometric properties provide the theoretical evidence for further use in Chinese population. It is available for use by researchers in oral health related quality of life studies in Chinese children.</p>
