Perfectionism as a Paradoxical Factor in Sport and Exercise Performance: An Umbrella Review.

Objective: Traditionally, perfectionism has been regarded as a commendable trait in the realm of sports and exercise. However, recent research has uncovered a paradoxical aspect of perfectionism in these domains. This umbrella review seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of the intricate role that perfectionism plays in sport and exercise performance. Method : As an umbrella review, we systematically explored three widely used scientific databases-PubMed, Scopus, and ISI-to identify relevant systematic reviewes and meta-analyses investigating the relationship between perfectionism and sports performance. Results: After careful evaluation, eight studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the study. These eight eligible studies comprised five systematic reviews and three systematic review and meta-analysis publications. These publications have explored the correlation between perfectionism and sports performance in teenager and adult populations, as well as professional and amateur athletes. Most of the original articles included in these studies had a cross-sectional design and some of them were longitudinal research. All reviewed articles reported a significant correlation between perfectionism and sports performance, regardless of gender and age. In general, the main consensus of these studies is a moderate to high positive correlation between perfectionistic strivings and sports performance, as well as a moderate to high negative correlation between perfectionistic concerns and sports performance. Conclusion: In summary, perfectionism exhibits both positive and negative effects on athlete outcomes. Maladaptive perfectionism is linked to adverse consequences, while adaptive perfectionism can yield positive effects. Promisingly, psychological interventions such as mindfulness-based approaches and ACT-based interventions show potential in reducing perfectionism and enhancing athlete outcomes. Future research should delve deeper into the intricate relationship between perfectionism and athlete performance and continue to devise interventions that counteract the detrimental effects of perfectionistic tendencies.

The efficacy of sleep lifestyle interventions for the management of overweight or obesity in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity remains a significant public health concern. Sleep duration and quality among children and youth are suboptimal worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests an association between inadequate sleep and obesity risk, yet it is unclear whether this relationship is causal. This systematic review examines the efficacy of sleep interventions alone or as a part of lifestyle interventions for the management of overweight or obesity among children and adolescents. METHODS: A keyword/reference search was performed twice, in January 2021 and May 2022 in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE/Ovid, PsycINFO/EBSCO, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection/Web of Science, SciELO/Web of Science, and CINAHL/EBSCO. Study eligibility criteria included youth with overweight or obesity between 5 and 17, were RCTs or quasi-randomized, and focused on the treatment of overweight and obesity with a sleep behavior intervention component. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool (RoB2). A Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the effect of interventions with a sleep component on BMI. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021233329). RESULTS: A total of 8 studies (2 quasi-experiments, 6 RCTs) met inclusion criteria and accounted for 2,231 participants across 7 countries. Only one study design isolated the effect of sleep in the intervention and reported statistically significant decreases in weight and waist circumference compared to control, though we rated it at high risk of bias. Our meta-analysis showed no significant overall effect on children's BMI as a result of participation in an intervention with a sleep component (Cohen's d = 0.18, 95% CI= -0.04, 0.40, Z = 1.56, P = .11), though caution is warranted due to substantial heterogeneity observed across studies (Tau2 = 0.08; X2 = 23.05, df = 7; I2 = 83.73%). CONCLUSIONS: There were mixed results on the effect of sleep interventions across included studies on BMI, other weight-related outcomes, diet, physical activity, and sleep. Except for one study at low risk of bias, three were rated as 'some concerns' and four 'high risk of bias'. Findings from this study highlight the need for additional RCTs isolating sleep as a component, focusing on children and adolescents living with overweight and obesity.

Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Medical Nutrition Therapy Behavioral Interventions Provided by Dietitians for Adults With Overweight or Obesity, 2024.

Providing interventions that facilitate improvement of dietary intake and other health behaviors can improve nutrition-related outcomes in adults with overweight or obesity. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) behavioral interventions require expertise from registered dietitian nutritionists or international equivalents (dietitians), which no other health care provider can provide for adults with obesity. Current evidence supports the role of MNT behavioral interventions for adults with overweight or obesity as an effective treatment option, when appropriate for and desired by the client. This Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Position Paper describes potential benefits and concerns regarding dietitian-provided MNT behavioral interventions for adults with overweight and obesity and informs dietitians about implications for practice. This Position Paper is supported by a systematic review examining effectiveness of MNT interventions provided by dietitians and by an evidence-based practice guideline. It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that MNT behavioral interventions for adults (aged 18 years and older) with overweight or obesity should be a treatment option, when appropriate and desired by the client, to improve cardiometabolic, quality of life, and anthropometric outcomes. Dietitians providing MNT recognize the complex contributors to overweight and obesity, and thus individualize interventions, based on a shared decision-making process, and deliver interventions in an inclusive, compassionate, and client-centered manner. Interventions should include collaboration with an interprofessional team when needed. Dietitians strive to increase health equity and reduce health disparities by advocating and providing opportunities for increased access to effective nutrition care services. This position remains in effect until December 31, 2031.

Differences in Knowledge of Female Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport in Female Cross-Country Athletes.

BACKGROUND: Female Athlete Triad (Triad) and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) describe potential health and performance consequences of low energy availability. OBJECTIVE: We surveyed female cross-country athletes to assess differences in educational impact scores (knowledge score * confidence score factor, EIS) of Triad and REDs. Associations between EIS and participant characteristics [e.g., mileage (current and peak), years of running experience, age, bone stress injury history, division level participation, academic area of study, Triad or REDs diagnoses, and Triad or REDs education] were explored. MATERIALS & METHODS: An evidence-based online survey was developed and administered via Qualtrics™ to female collegiate cross-country athletes (n = 275; age = 20 ± 1 yrs). RESULTS: There was a weak correlation between peak career mileage and EIS (r = 0.195; p = 0.010). EIS significantly differed in athletes with a related academic area of study vs. those without (21.91 ± 5.16, 16.11 ± 5.54, respectively). EIS significantly differed in athletes with Triad and REDs diagnoses (21.69 ± 5.85 and 22.58 ± 6.82, respectively) vs. those without (16.80 ± 6.54 and 17.20 ± 6.34, respectively). EIS was higher in those who had received Triad education vs. those who had not (21.03 ± 6.86, 18.12 ± 6.82, respectively). A significant interaction between peak career mileage and Triad diagnosis was found (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Significant education-based and diagnoses differences suggests that Triad diagnoses correlate with peak career mileage. These findings support education to improve not only treatment, but prevention, of Triad and REDs.

The protective role of sulforaphane and Homer1a in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury: Unraveling the neuroprotective interplay.

AIMS: Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathological basis for various ophthalmic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential of sulforaphane (SFN) and Homer1a in regulating cell apoptosis induced by retinal I/R injury and to explore the underlying regulatory mechanism between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In in vivo experiments, C57BL/6J mice and Homer1flox/-/Homer1a+/-/Nestin-Cre+/- mice were used to construct retinal I/R injury models. In vitro experiments utilized the oxygen-glucose deprivation-reperfusion (OGD/R) injury model with primary retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The effects of Homer1a and SFN on cell apoptosis were observed through pathological analyses, flow cytometry, and visual electrophysiological assessments. KEY FINDINGS: We discovered that after OGD/R injury, apoptosis of RGCs and intracellular Ca2+ activity significantly increased. However, these changes were reversed upon the addition of SFN, and similar observations were reproduced in in vivo studies. Furthermore, both in vivo and in vitro studies confirmed the upregulation of Homer1a after I/R, which could be further enhanced by the administration of SFN. Moreover, upregulation of Homer1a resulted in a reduction in cell apoptosis and pro-apoptotic proteins, while downregulation of Homer1a had the opposite effect. Flash visual evoked potential, oscillatory potentials, and escape latency measurements in mice supported these findings. Furthermore, the addition of SFN strengthened the neuroprotective effects in the OGD/R + H+ group but weakened them in Homer1flox/-/Homer1a+/-/Nestin-Cre+/- mice. SIGNIFICANCE: These results indicate that Homer1a plays a significant role in the therapeutic potential of sulforaphane for retinal I/R injury, thereby providing a theoretical basis for clinical treatment.

An Overview of Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis Using Machine Learning Approaches: Clinical Opportunities and Challenges.

Objective: Automatic diagnosis of psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder (BD) through machine learning techniques has attracted substantial attention from psychiatric and artificial intelligence communities. These approaches mostly rely on various biomarkers extracted from electroencephalogram (EEG) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/functional MRI (fMRI) data. In this paper, we provide an updated overview of existing machine learning-based methods for bipolar disorder (BD) diagnosis using MRI and EEG data. Method : This study is a short non-systematic review with the aim of describing the current situation in automatic diagnosis of BD using machine learning methods. Therefore, an appropriate literature search was conducted via relevant keywords for original EEG/MRI studies on distinguishing BD from other conditions, particularly from healthy peers, in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Results: We reviewed 26 studies, including 10 EEG studies and 16 MRI studies (including structural and functional MRI), that used traditional machine learning methods and deep learning algorithms to automatically detect BD. The reported accuracies for EEG studies is about 90%, while the reported accuracies for MRI studies remains below the minimum level for clinical relevance, i.e. about 80% of the classification outcome for traditional machine learning methods. However, deep learning techniques have generally achieved accuracies higher than 95%. Conclusion: Research utilizing machine learning applied to EEG signals and brain images has provided proof of concept for how this innovative technique can help psychiatrists distinguish BD patients from healthy people. However, the results have been somewhat contradictory and we must keep away from excessive optimistic interpretations of the findings. Much progress is still needed to reach the level of clinical practice in this field.

Weight Management Interventions Provided by a Dietitian for Adults with Overweight or Obesity: An Evidence Analysis Center Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with a multitude of comorbidities and considerable health care costs. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review was to examine the efficacy of weight management interventions provided by a registered dietitian or international equivalent (referred to as "dietitian"). METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examined the effect of weight management interventions provided by a dietitian, compared with usual care or no intervention, on several cardiometabolic outcomes and quality of life in adults with overweight or obesity. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHL databases were searched for eligible RCTs published between January 2008 and January 2021 in the English language. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model, publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's statistics, and heterogeneity was assessed by interpreting I2 values. Efficacy of intervention components, such as telehealth or group contacts, were explored in sub-group analyses. Version 2 of the risk-of-bias tool for RCTs was used to assess risk of bias. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method was used to determine certainty of evidence. RESULTS: This systematic review included 62 RCTs. Compared with control conditions, weight management interventions provided by a dietitian resulted in improved body mass index (mean difference [MD] -1.5; 95% CI -1.74 to -1.26; moderate evidence certainty); percent weight loss (MD -4.01%; 95% CI -5.26% to -2.75%; high evidence certainty); waist circumference (MD -3.45 cm; 95% CI -4.39 to -2.51 cm; high evidence certainty); blood pressure (MD -3.04 mm Hg; 95% CI -5.10 to -0.98 mm Hg and MD -1.99 mm Hg; 95% CI -3.02 to -0.96 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, respectively; moderate and low evidence certainty); and quality of life using the 36-Item Short Form Survey (MD 5.84; 95% CI 2.27 to 9.41 and 2.39; 95% CI 1.55 to 3.23 for physical and mental quality of life, respectively; low and moderate evidence certainty). CONCLUSIONS: For adults with overweight or obesity, weight management interventions provided by a dietitian are efficacious for improving several examined cardiometabolic outcomes and quality of life.

Medical Nutrition Therapy Interventions Provided by Dietitians for Adult Overweight and Obesity Management: An Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence-Based Practice Guideline.

Overweight and obesity affect most adults living in the United States and are causally linked to several adverse health outcomes. Registered dietitian nutritionists or international equivalents (dietitians) collaborate with each client and other health care professionals to meet client-centered goals, informed by the best available evidence, and translated through a lens of clinical expertise and client circumstances and preferences. Since the last iteration of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics guideline on adult weight management in 2014, considerable research has been conducted and circumstances confronting dietitians have evolved. Thus, updated guidance is needed. The objective of this evidence-based practice guideline is to provide recommendations for dietitians who deliver medical nutrition therapy behavioral interventions for adults (18 years and older) with overweight and obesity to improve cardiometabolic outcomes, quality of life, and weight outcomes, when appropriate for and desired by the client. Recommendations in this guideline highlight the importance of considering complex contributors to overweight and obesity and individualizing interventions to client-centered goals based on specific needs and preferences and shared decision making. The described recommendations have the potential to increase access to care and decrease costs through utilization of telehealth and group counseling as effective delivery methods, and to address other barriers to overweight and obesity management interventions. It is essential for dietitians to collaborate with clients and interprofessional health care teams to provide high-quality medical nutrition therapy interventions using the nutrition care process to promote attainment of client-centered outcomes for adults with overweight or obesity.

Psychological capital in university students: analysis of scientific activity in the scopus database.

Lately there has been an increase in the number of publications on psychological capital, especially in the specialty of organizational psychology, and not so much in the field of educational psychology. This study aims to analyze the main bibliometric indicators of production, collaboration and impact of scientific literature related to psychological capital in university students. We searched the Scopus database for documents using the comprehensive search strategy until June 27, 2021. Data were collected regarding title, keywords, authors, co-authors, citations received, details of the most productive journals, year of publication, countries, and institutions. From 2009 to 2021, 82 documents were published, mainly from countries such as China, Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States and Spain; the most productive journal was the so-called Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica while Curtin University was the most influential institution in the subject of study. The author's co-occurrence network analysis, trend topics, and keyword analysis highlighted themes involving psychological capital with educational and health variables in college students. The findings can help both academics and professionals to obtain an overview of advances in the subject and thus identify important gaps in the literature and propose promising new lines of research.

Factores relacionados con el abandono de la suplementación de los micronutrientes en niños / Factors related to the abandonment of micronutrient supplementation in children / Fatores relacionados ao abandono da suplementação de micronutrientes em crianças

La anemia es uno de los problemas más importantes de la salud pública, viéndose un crecimiento sostenido en los últimos años. Existen diversos factores relacionados al abandono de la suplementación de los micronutrientes. Objetivo. Establecer los factores relacionados con el abandono de la suplementación de los micronutrientes en niños de 6 a 36 meses atendidos en un Centro Materno Infantil. Materiales y métodos. El enfoque fue cuantitativo, de tipo básica, diseño no experimental transversal. La población estuvo constituida por 120 pacientes neonatos y la muestra fue de 80 pacientes neonatos del Centro Materno infantil, elegidos mediante muestreo no probabilístico, con la técnica de la encuesta y el instrumento fue el cuestionario. Resultados. El 25% presentó niveles inadecuados, el 62.5% presentó niveles moderados y el 12.5% presentó niveles adecuados de uso de suplementación de los micronutrientes. Conclusiones. El abandono de la suplementación de los micronutrientes se encuentra asociado con los factores generales del infante, como la edad, sexo, y número de hijo, tipo de seguro y número de micronutriente y además dependen de los factores relacionados al cuidador a edad del cuidador, grado de instrucción, estado civil, número de hijos, procedencia y ocupación, tal como muestra al prueba de la independencia de Chi-cuadrado y el p< 0.05, y se establecen que los factores generales del niño y los Factores relacionados al cuidador se encuentran asociados en la suplementación de los micronutrientes.

Anemia is one of the most important public health problems, with a sustained growth in recent years. There are several factors related to the abandonment of micronutrient supplementation. Objective. To establish the factors related to the abandonment of micronutrient supplementation in children aged 6 to 36 months attended in a Maternal and Child Center. Materials and methods. The approach was quantitative, basic, non-experimental cross-sectional design. The population consisted of 120 neonatal patients and the sample consisted of 80 neonatal patients of the Maternal and Child Center, chosen by non-probabilistic sampling, with the survey technique and the instrument was the questionnaire. Results. The 25% presented inadequate levels, 62.5% presented moderate levels and 12.5% presented adequate levels of micronutrient supplementation. Conclusions. The abandonment of micronutrient supplementation is associated with the general factors of the infant, such as age, sex, and number of children, type of insurance and number of micronutrients and also depend on the factors related to the caregiver such as age of the caregiver, education level, marital status, number of children, origin and occupation, as shown by the Chi-square test of independence and p< 0.05, and it is established that the general factors of the child and the factors related to the caregiver are associated in the supplementation of micronutrients.

A anemia é um dos mais importantes problemas de saúde pública, com um aumento constante nos últimos anos. Há vários fatores relacionados ao descaso com a suplementação de micronutrientes. Objetivo. Estabelecer os fatores relacionados ao abandono da suplementação de micronutrientes em crianças de 6 a 36 meses de idade que freqüentam um Centro Mãe e Criança. Materiais e métodos. A abordagem foi quantitativa, básica e não-experimental, de corte transversal. A população consistia de 120 pacientes neonatais e a amostra consistia de 80 pacientes neonatais do Centro Materno e Infantil, escolhidos por amostragem não-probabilística, utilizando a técnica de pesquisa e o questionário como instrumento. Resultados. 25% apresentaram níveis inadequados, 62,5% apresentaram níveis moderados e 12,5% apresentaram níveis adequados de suplementação de micronutrientes. Conclusões. O abandono da suplementação de micronutrientes está associado aos fatores gerais da criança, tais como idade, sexo e número de crianças, tipo de seguro e número de micronutrientes e também depende dos fatores do cuidador relacionados à idade do cuidador, nível de educação, estado civil, número de crianças, origem e ocupação, como demonstrado pelo teste de independência Qui-quadrado e p< 0,05, e é estabelecido que os fatores gerais da criança e os fatores do cuidador estão associados na suplementação de micronutrientes.

Improving Maternal Cardiovascular Health in Underserved Populations: a Narrative Review of Behavioral Intervention Trials Targeting Postpartum Weight Retention.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Racial/ethnic minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals experience greater postpartum weight retention, which has been linked to the development of cardiovascular disease. This article reviews recent literature on behavioral interventions targeting postpartum weight retention in these populations. RECENT FINDINGS: Seven randomized controlled trials published since 2010 were selected for this review. Four were successful in reducing or preventing postpartum weight retention. Recruitment primarily occurred in low-income urban areas. All interventions reported using the Social Cognitive Theory and targeted mostly individual-level behavior change focused on diet and physical activity. Four were technology-based, and most implemented strategies to increase cultural relevance of the intervention. Opportunities for future interventions include expand target population to enroll individuals starting in pregnancy and address rural populations; incorporate empirically tested retention strategies; increase focus on psychosocial factors, particularly chronic stress; utilize multilevel approaches; continue to leverage technology; and maximize efforts to increase cultural relevancy.

Knowledge of the Female Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport Among Female Cross-Country Athletes and Support Staff.

CONTEXT: Female endurance athletes exhibit an increased risk of the female athlete triad (Triad) and relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S). The triad and RED-S are conditions that involve the health and performance consequences of low energy availability. Few authors of studies to date have assessed the knowledge that athletes, coaches, and athletic trainers (ATs) have regarding the Triad or RED-S. Proper education has been shown to be effective in increasing knowledge of sports medicine concerns for athletes, yet no known continuing education programs for the Triad or RED-S exist at collegiate institutions. OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge, confidence, and educational impact of identifying, screening, treating, and preventing the Triad or RED-S. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: An evidence-based online survey was developed and administered via Qualtrics. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Female collegiate cross-country athletes (n = 275, age = 20 ± 1 years), collegiate cross-country coaches (n = 55, age = 34 ± 9 years), and ATs working with cross-country teams (n = 30, age = 36 ± 11 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Knowledge, confidence, and educational impact scores were assessed among groups using analysis of variance. Independent t tests were calculated to determine differences in impact scores between people who had or had not received education on the topic. RESULTS: Female cross-country athletes' total knowledge, confidence, and educational impact scores (mean scores = 25.00 ± 5.27, 95.42 ± 28.83, and 18.81 ± 7.05, respectively) were different from those of coaches (mean scores = 26.92 ± 5.02, 111.35 ± 24.14, and 22.41 ± 6.33, respectively) and ATs (mean scores = 28.66 ± 4.02, 117.67 ± 22.53, and 23.93 ± 5.69, respectively; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge, confidence, and educational impact scores regarding Triad or RED-S were lowest in female cross-country athletes and highest in ATs. These findings support the call for education, which should be regarded as the primary tool for increasing knowledge, to improve the prevention and treatment of the Triad or RED-S.

Size at birth and accelerometer-measured physical activity or sedentary behavior in healthy term-born adults.

The present study investigated the relationship between birth size and activity patterns. One hundred and twenty-four adults wore accelerometers for 7 days. Birth weight was adjusted for gestational age (AdjBW). The overall association between time spent in MVPA/day and AdjBW was not significant (B = 5.64, p = .09). MVPA/day increased by 7.02 min (p = .02) in participants 18-21 years (N = 42) and decreased by 10.8 min (p = .02) in participants 22-40 years (N = 33) per unit increase in AdjBW. The effect of birth size on adult physical activity depends on age.

Satisfacción con la vida y Conductas de salud en estudiantes universitarios de nuevo ingreso / Satisfaction with life and health behaviors in incoming college students / Satisfação com a Vida e Comportamentos de Saúde em Novos Estudantes Universitários

En la actualidad resultan escasos los estudios que relacionen la satisfacción con la vida y las conductas saludables en estudiantes que inician sus estudios universitarios, aun cuando se sabe que la transición a la etapa universitaria puede originar diversos cambios con repercusiones importantes para la salud de los estudiantes. OBJETIVO: determinar la relación entre la satisfacción con la vida y las conductas de salud en estudiantes de primer semestre de una universidad pública venezolana. MÉTODO: estudio de naturaleza cuantitativa, no experimental, descriptivo, correlacional y transversal, utilizó una muestra conformada por 636 estudiantes (65% mujeres y 35% hombres) con edades entre los 15 y 27 años, seleccionados bajo un muestreo no probabilístico intencional. RESULTADOS: los estudiantes se caracterizan por estar satisfechos con su vida y presentan niveles moderados de conductas saludables en general. Asimismo, la satisfacción con la vida difiere según el sexo y el estrato socioeconómico, mientras que algunas conductas de salud difieren según el sexo, el estrato socioeconómico y la edad. Por otra parte, la satisfacción con la vida presenta relación significativa con las conductas de salud a nivel general y en las dimensiones conductas preventivas, sueño, actividad física, control en el consumo de drogas y chequeo médico. CONCLUSIÓN: la satisfacción con la vida resulta ser una variable protectora que fomenta conductas saludables en estudiantes universitarios, en especial los que recién inician los estudios, siendo importante considerarla en futuras intervenciones y programas de promoción de la salud.

Currently, there are few studies that relate satisfaction with life and healthy behaviors in students starting their university studies, even though it is known that the transition to the university stage can cause various changes with important repercussions on the health of students. OBJECTIVE: to determine the relationship between life satisfaction and health behaviors in first semester students at a Venezuelan public university. METHOD: a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study, using a sample of 636 students (65% women and 35% men) between 15 and 27 years of age, selected under a non-probabilistic intentional sampling. RESULTS: the students are characterized by being satisfied with their lives and present moderate levels of healthy behaviors in general. Also, life satisfaction differs by gender and socioeconomic status, while some health behaviors differ by gender, socioeconomic status, and age. On the other hand, life satisfaction is significantly related to health behaviors at the general level and in the dimension's preventive behaviors, sleep, physical activity, drug use control and medical check-up. CONCLUSION: life satisfaction turns out to be a protective variable that promotes healthy behaviors in university students, especially those who are just starting their studies, and it is important to consider it in future interventions and health promotion programs.

Atualmente, há poucos estudos que relacionam a satisfação com a vida e comportamentos saudáveis em estudantes que iniciam seus estudos universitários, embora se saiba que a transição para a etapa universitária pode causar diversas mudanças com repercussões importantes para a saúde dos alunos. OBJETIVO: determinar a relação entre satisfação com a vida e comportamentos de saúde em alunos do primeiro semestre de uma universidade pública venezuelana. MÉTODO: um estudo quantitativo, não experimental, descritivo, correlacional e transversal utilizou uma amostra de 636 estudantes (65% mulheres e 35% homens) com idade entre 15 e 27 anos, selecionados em amostragem não probabilística intencional. RESULTADOS: os alunos se caracterizam por estarem satisfeitos com suas vidas e apresentam níveis moderados de comportamentos saudáveis em geral. Além disso, a satisfação com a vida difere por sexo e status socioeconômico, enquanto alguns comportamentos de saúde diferem por sexo, estrato socioeconômico e idade. Por outro lado, a satisfação com a vida apresenta uma relação significativa com os comportamentos de saúde em nível geral e nas dimensões comportamentos preventivos, sono, atividade física, controle no uso de drogas e check-up médico. CONCLUSÃO: a satisfação com a vida acaba por ser uma variável protetora que incentiva comportamentos saudáveis em estudantes universitários, especialmente aqueles que estão apenas iniciando seus estudos, e é importante considerá-lo em intervenções futuras e programas de promoção da saúde.

Intra-uterine effects on adult muscle strength.

BACKGROUND: Maternal behaviors and exposures affect fetal growth and development. Smoking, malnutrition, sedentary behavior, and stress can each lead to fetal programming and intra-uterine growth restriction. As a result, tissue development may be impaired. Problems with muscle formation can lead to reductions in muscle performance throughout life. The purpose of this study was to determine if in utero effects on muscle mass, muscle function, or both are responsible for the relationship between size at birth and adult muscle strength. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred adults (ages 18-40), who were singletons born at term (37-42 weeks), participated. Birth weight was adjusted for gestational age using neonatal growth reference data. Maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) of dominant and non-dominant handgrip, and right and left leg extension were measured. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between adjusted birth weight and muscle strength. Sex and lean body mass were covariates. RESULTS: Dominant handgrip MVC increased by 1.533 kg per 1 SD increase in adjusted birth weight (p = 0.004). Lean body mass had a significant indirect effect on this relationship. The relationship between handgrip strength and adjusted birth weight was strongest among female subjects. No other muscle strength measures were significantly associated with adjusted birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: Birth size was a significant predictor of handgrip strength in adulthood. Including lean body mass attenuated, but did not remove, the association. Thus, among individuals born to term, having a smaller-than-predicted birth size likely causes both reductions in muscle mass formation and decreased muscle function, ultimately impacting muscle strength in adulthood.

Maternal Obesity: A Focus on Maternal Interventions to Improve Health of Offspring.

Maternal obesity has many implications for offspring health that persist throughout their lifespan that include obesity and cardiovascular complications. Several different factors contribute to obesity and they encompass interplay between genetics and environment. In the prenatal period, untreated obesity establishes a foundation for a myriad of symptoms and negative delivery experiences, including gestational hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, macrosomia, and labor complications. However, data across human and animal studies show promise that nutritional interventions and physical activity may rescue much of the adverse effects of obesity on offspring metabolic health. Further, these maternal interventions improve the health of the offspring by reducing weight gain, cardiovascular disorders, and improving glucose tolerance. Mechanisms from animal studies have also been proposed to elucidate the signaling pathways that regulate inflammation, lipid metabolism, and oxidative capacity of the tissue, ultimately providing potential specific courses of treatment. This review aims to pinpoint the risks of maternal obesity and provide plausible intervention strategies. We delve into recent research involving both animal and human studies with maternal interventions. With the increasing concerning of obesity rates witnessed in the United States, it is imperative to acknowledge the long-term effects posed on future generations and specifically modify maternal nutrition and care to mitigate these adverse outcomes.

Weight Management Interventions for Adults With Overweight or Obesity: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review.

The objectives of this evidence scoping review were to identify and characterize studies investigating weight management interventions provided by a registered dietitian nutritionist or international equivalent (RDN) among adults with overweight or obesity. A medical librarian conducted an electronic literature search in 6 databases-MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PyscINFO (Ovid), Cochrane CENTRAL (Ovid), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Ovid), and CINAHL (Ebsco). Except for narrative review, gray literature, and case study or report, all types of peer-reviewed articles published between January 2008 and April 26, 2019 were eligible. Two content advisors, who are experts in adult weight management, guided the process and reviewed the search plan and findings. The literature search resulted in 30,551 records with 16 additional records identified through other sources. A total of 29,756 records were excluded during the first round of screening due to duplication or irrelevancy. Of the 811 full-text articles that were screened, 139 met the criteria and were included. Approximately 51% and 43% of the studies were conducted in the community setting and in the United States or Canada, respectively. Over 97% of the studies were clinical or quasi-experimental trials. A total of 6 different intervention delivery modes were reported, which resulted in 22 combinations of the modes of delivery. RDNs delivered the weight management intervention (especially the nutrition component) in all studies, but some (61%) also involved an interdisciplinary team to deliver other components of the intervention. The average length of the intervention was about 10 months with a follow-up that ranged from 0 to 9 years. The commonly reported outcomes were anthropometrics, endocrine, and cardiovascular measures; dietary intake; and physical activity. Based on the scoping review, there were systematic reviews and evidence-based practice guidelines on weight management interventions but none of them met the a priori inclusion or exclusion criteria. Therefore, it would be beneficial to conduct a systematic review and develop an evidence-based practice guideline on adult weight management interventions provided by an RDN to guide practitioners and to evaluate their effects on health and nutrition-related outcomes.

Análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica peruana sobre la formación de profesionales de la salud / Bibliometric analysis of Peruvian scientific production on the training of health professionals

La investigación y la publicación científica son aspectos importantes dentro de la formación profesional en salud, pues permitirán practicar eficientemente una medicina basada en evidencias. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir a través de indicadores bibliométricos la producción científica relacionada con la formación de profesionales de la salud en Perú durante el periodo 2014-2018. Estudio bibliométrico sobre la totalidad de la producción científica peruana que trata de la formación de profesionales de la salud en el período 2014-2018, recuperada de la base de datos de Google Académico. Se calcularon los indicadores cienciométricos de 155 artículos filtrados por el software Harzing's Publish or Perish v. 6. Las variables estudiadas fueron: total de artículos, citas, promedio de citas por año, por artículos, por autores y por autores por año, promedio de artículos por autor, promedio de autores por artículo, índices h, g, h contemporáneo (hc), h individual (hI), hI normalizado, AWCR, AW, AWCRpA, e, hm, hI anual, amplitud H, amplitud, cantidad de autores, índice de colaboración, artículos más citados y distribución anual de los artículos, así como su publicador. Se obtuvo un total de 905 citas con un promedio de 181.00; 5.84 y 457.37 citas por año, artículos y autores respectivamente. Las publicaciones poseen un índice h de 16 y un índice g de 19. Destaca la producción anual del año 2015, con 41 publicaciones. La mayor cantidad de autores trabajan en parejas (48 artículos). Se totalizaron 458 autores en los 155 artículos, generando un índice de colaboración de 2.95. La producción científica relacionada con la formación de profesionales de la salud en Perú fue escasa en los últimos 5 años. Los indicadores cienciométricos muestran una tendencia decreciente(AU)

Research and scientific publication are important aspects of professional training in health, as they will allow efficient practice of evidence-based medicine. The objective was to describe through bibliometric indicators the scientific production related to the training of health professionals in Peru during the period 2014-2018 . Bibliometric study of the entire Peruvian scientific production that deals with the training of health professionals in the period 2014-2018, retrieved from the Google academic database. We calculated the scientometric indicators of 155 articles filtered by the Harzing's Publish or Perish v.6 software. The variables studied were: total number of articles, citations, average citations per year for articles, authors and authors per year, average articles per author, average number of authors per article, the h, g indexes contemporary h (hc), individual h (hI), standard hI, AWCR, AW, AWCRpA, e, hm, annual hI, amplitude H, amplitude, number of authors, index of collaboration, most-cited articles and annual distribution of articles, as well as their publishers. A total of 905 citations were obtained with an average of 181.00; 5.84 and 457.37 citations per year, articles and authors respectively. The publications have an H-index of 16 and a G-index of 19. The annual production of 2015, with 41 publications, stood out, the largest number of authors work in pairs (48 articles). A total of 458 authors were published in the 155 articles, generating a 2.95 collaboration rate. Scientific production related to the training of health professionals in Peru was scarce in the last 5 years. Scientometric indicators show a decreasing trend(AU)