ABSTRACT
In recent years, biomass has emerged as a promising raw material to produce various products, including hydrocarbons, platform chemicals, and fuels. However, a more comprehensive evaluation of the potential production of desirable value-added products and chemical intermediates is required. For these reasons, this study aimed to investigate the impact of various operating parameters on the pyrolysis of end-of-life olive stone, an agriculture and food industry waste, using a tubular quartz reactor operated at 773 K. The results revealed that the product compositions were comparable under batch or semi-batch nitrogen feeding conditions and with reaction times of 1 or 3 h. The product distribution and composition were significantly influenced by changes in the heating rate from 5 to 50 K min-1, while the effect of changing the biomass particle size from 0.3 to 5 mm was negligible in the semi-batch test. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between pyrolysis operational parameters and obtained product distribution and composition. Moreover, the results confirmed the possible exploitation of end-of-life olive stone waste to produce high-added value compounds in the zero-waste strategy and biorefinery concept.
Subject(s)
Olea , Biomass , Pyrolysis , Agriculture , DeathABSTRACT
The waste materials available as sources of silicon and aluminum for producing porous materials like amorphous silicas, aluminas, amorphous silica-aluminas, and zeolites, to be used as catalyst and adsorbents, are briefly summarized. The procedures for preparing these materials from wastes are also taken into account. The limits of this approach in terms of economy and environmental protection are also briefly considered. It is concluded that mesoporous materials can be prepared from wastes, but care to product quality and to overall process efficiency is needed.
