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1.
J Obstet Gynaecol Can ; 37(11): 1016-20, 2015 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26629722

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of conservative management for cervical ectopic pregnancies. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of all cases of cervical ectopic pregnancy diagnosed at our tertiary care academic centre between January 2002 and July 2014. The diagnosis of cervical ectopic pregnancy was made using transvaginal ultrasound according to published criteria. Management decisions were made by individual clinicians. RESULTS: Cervical ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed in 27 women with a median age of 34 years. Two thirds of them were nulliparous, and 44% (12/27) reported infertility. The mean gestational age at diagnosis was seven weeks. The median serum human chorionic gonadotropin level was 11 300 IU/L (range 610 to 163 700). Fetal cardiac activity was present in 19 pregnancies (70%). Vaginal bleeding was the most common presentation, occurring in 23 cases (85%). Three women presented with acute life-threatening hemorrhage. All cases were successfully managed conservatively, allowing uterine preservation. Systemic methotrexate (single or multi-dose protocol) was the mainstay of therapy. Other minimally invasive interventions included ultrasound-guided injection of potassium chloride into the pregnancy, uterine artery embolization, vaginal ligation of cervical branches of the uterine arteries, and dilatation and curettage, with or without dilute vasopressin cervical infiltration and Foley catheter tamponade. CONCLUSION: Systemic methotrexate alone or in combination with other minimally invasive techniques can be effective conservative treatment for cervical pregnancies. A fertility-sparing approach is the optimal treatment for this patient population, which has high rates of infertility and nulliparity. We present a management algorithm based on our results to aid in standardizing the management of cervical ectopic pregnancies.


Objectif : Évaluer l'innocuité et l'efficacité de la prise en charge conservatrice des grossesses ectopiques cervicales. Méthodes : Nous avons mené une analyse rétrospective de tous les cas de grossesse ectopique cervicale diagnostiqués au sein de notre centre universitaire tertiaire entre janvier 2002 et juillet 2014. Le diagnostic de grossesse ectopique cervicale a été établi par échographie transvaginale, conformément aux critères publiés. Les décisions quant à la prise en charge ont été prises par les cliniciens concernés. Résultats : Une grossesse ectopique cervicale a été diagnostiquée chez 27 femmes (âge médian : 34 ans). Les deux tiers d'entre elles étaient nullipares et 44 % (12/27) ont signalé une infertilité. L'âge gestationnel moyen au moment du diagnostic était de sept semaines. Le taux sérique médian de gonadotrophine chorionique humaine était de 11 300 UI/l (plage : de 610 à 163 700). Une activité cardiaque fœtale était présente dans 19 grossesses (70 %). Les saignements vaginaux constituaient la présentation la plus courante; de tels saignements étaient présents dans 23 cas (85 %). Trois femmes ont connu une hémorragie aiguë constituant un danger de mort. Tous les cas ont fait l'objet d'une prise en charge conservatrice réussie qui a permis la préservation de l'utérus. Le méthotrexate administré par voie générale (protocole à dose unique ou à doses multiples) constituait l'élément principal du traitement. Parmi les autres interventions à effraction minimale, on trouvait l'injection (orientée par échographie) de chlorure de potassium dans la grossesse, l'embolisation des artères utérines, la ligature vaginale des rameaux cervicaux des artères utérines et la dilatation-curetage (avec ou sans infiltration cervicale de vasopressine diluée et tamponnement par sonde de Foley). Conclusion : Le recours à du méthotrexate administré par voie générale, seul ou en combinaison avec d'autres techniques à effraction minimale, peut constituer un traitement conservateur efficace en présence d'une grossesse cervicale. Une approche permettant de préserver la fécondité constitue le traitement optimal pour cette population de patientes, laquelle compte des taux élevés d'infertilité et de nulliparité. Nous présentons un algorithme de prise en charge fondé sur nos résultats dans le but de contribuer à la standardisation de la prise en charge des grossesses ectopiques cervicales.


Subject(s)
Cervix Uteri , Decision Trees , Pregnancy, Ectopic/epidemiology , Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal/administration & dosage , Adult , Chorionic Gonadotropin/blood , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Injections, Intramuscular , Maternal Health Services , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Ontario/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy, Ectopic/blood , Pregnancy, Ectopic/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
2.
CMAJ Open ; 1(2): E77-82, 2013 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25077107

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that vitamin D may play a role in human reproduction. Our goal was to investigate whether vitamin D levels are predictive of implantation and clinical pregnancy rates in infertile women following in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS: We prospectively evaluated vitamin D status, as determined by serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels, in a cohort of 173 women undergoing IVF at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario. Serum 25(OH)D samples were collected within 1 week before oocyte retrieval. We classified patients as having sufficient (≥ 75 nmol/L) or insufficient (or deficient; hereafter referred to as "insufficient"; < 75 nmol/L) serum levels of 25(OH)D. We compared patient demographics and IVF cycle parameters between groups. The primary outcome measure was clinical pregnancy (intrauterine sac visible on ultrasound performed 4-5 weeks after embryo transfer). RESULTS: Of the included women, 54.9% had insufficient 25(OH)D levels and 45.1% had sufficient levels. Women with sufficient levels had significantly higher rates of clinical pregnancy per IVF cycle started (52.5%) compared with women with insufficient levels (34.7%; p < 0.001). Implantation rates were also higher in the sufficient 25(OH)D group, but the results were not statistically significant. Multivariable logistic regression analysis (adjusted for age, body mass index and day 5 [v. day 3] embryo transfer) showed that serum 25(OH)D level may be a predictor of clinical pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.03). INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that women with sufficient levels of vitamin D are significantly more likely to achieve clinical pregnancy following IVF. Vitamin D supplementation could provide an easy and cost-effective way of improving pregnancy rates; this merits further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, no. NCT01348594.

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