ABSTRACT
Cross-fostering studies suggest cocaine-induced deficits in maternal behavior could be associated with altered behavior of offspring following prenatal cocaine-exposure. Neonatal vocalizations are an important offspring cue facilitating early interactions between dam and rodent pup offspring and have been shown to be altered following prenatal cocaine-exposure. It is unclear how variations in acoustic parameters of USVs impact maternal behavior and the mechanism(s) underlying these processes. The present study examined differences in cocaine-exposed and control rodent dam maternal preference of cocaine-exposed or untreated pups in a dual choice apparatus. Relationship of preference-like behavior with pup USVs and dam oxytocin expression was explored. Gestational cocaine-exposure interfered with preference-like behavior of dams on postpartum day 1 with cocaine-exposure associated with decreased time spent on the cocaine-exposed pup side compared to the control pup side, and decreases in preference-like behavior associated in part with decreased number of USVs being emitted by cocaine-exposed pups. On postpartum day 5, decreased oxytocin expression in the medial preoptic area was associated with altered preference-like behavior in cocaine-exposed dams, including frequency and latency to touch/sniff pups. Results indicate cocaine's effects on the mother-infant relationship is likely synergistic, in that cocaine influences mother and offspring both independently and concertedly and that variations within pup vocalizations and the oxytocin system may be potential mechanism(s) underlying this synergistic relationship during the postpartum period.
Subject(s)
Cocaine/toxicity , Cues , Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/toxicity , Maternal Behavior/drug effects , Oxytocin/metabolism , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Preoptic Area/metabolism , Age Factors , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Female , Gestational Age , Postpartum Period/drug effects , Pregnancy , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/metabolism , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/pathology , Preoptic Area/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Vocalization, Animal/drug effectsSubject(s)
Cell Cycle , Neoplasms/metabolism , Neoplasms/pathology , Animals , Cell Division , Humans , Models, Biological , Mutation , Nobel Prize , Signal TransductionSubject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Cell Cycle/drug effects , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases , Sirolimus/analogs & derivatives , Sirolimus/pharmacology , Animals , Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic , Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Drug Industry/organization & administration , Genes, Tumor Suppressor , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology , Neoplasm Proteins/deficiency , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , Neoplasm Proteins/physiology , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , PTEN Phosphohydrolase , Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/deficiency , Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/genetics , Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/physiology , Phosphorylation , Protein Kinase Inhibitors , Protein Kinases/physiology , Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects , Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt , Signal Transduction/drug effects , TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/deficiency , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Proteins/physiologySubject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/prevention & control , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Sirolimus/therapeutic use , Transplantation Immunology , Animals , Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/etiology , Mice , Neoplasm Metastasis , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Tumor Virus Infections/complications , Tumor Virus Infections/immunology , Virus ActivationSubject(s)
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/immunology , Case-Control Studies , Humans , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/epidemiology , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/immunology , Lymphoma, B-Cell/epidemiology , Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/virology , Lymphoma, T-Cell/epidemiology , Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology , Risk Factors , United States/epidemiologySubject(s)
Biotechnology/economics , Biotechnology/trends , Drug Industry/economics , Factor VIII/supply & distribution , Recombinant Proteins/supply & distribution , Commerce , Drug Industry/trends , Factor VIII/chemistry , Factor VIII/pharmacology , Glycosylation , Hemophilia A/drug therapy , Humans , Recombinant Proteins/chemical synthesis , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacologySubject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/immunology , Aminoglycosides , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Apoptosis , B-Lymphocytes/immunology , Cetuximab , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic , Drug Industry , Humans , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use , United States , United States Food and Drug AdministrationSubject(s)
Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Protein C/therapeutic use , Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use , Sepsis/drug therapy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Drug Approval , Drug Industry , Humans , Protein C/adverse effects , Recombinant Proteins/adverse effects , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismSubject(s)
Drugs, Investigational/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic , Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic , ErbB Receptors/drug effects , ErbB Receptors/metabolism , Genes, src/genetics , Humans , Indoles/pharmacology , Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/drug effects , Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism , Pyrroles/pharmacology , Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/drug effects , Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism , Receptors, Growth Factor/drug effects , Receptors, Growth Factor/metabolism , Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor , Signal Transduction/drug effectsSubject(s)
Genetic Therapy , Government Regulation , Public Policy , Retinal Neoplasms/therapy , Retinoblastoma/therapy , Risk Assessment , Advisory Committees , Child, Preschool , Clinical Protocols , Clinical Trials as Topic , DNA, Recombinant , Federal Government , Genetic Therapy/adverse effects , Humans , Infant , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , United States , United States Food and Drug AdministrationABSTRACT
The Tpv2 family of transposable elements of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, belongs to the Ty1/copia group of long terminal repeat (LTR) containing retrotransposons. By reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and by analysis of genomic clones, we characterized four of the approximately 40 copies present in the Phaseolus genome, and the genomic environment of their integration sites. Tpv2 integrated preferentially into actively transcribed regions. While none of the isolated elements had all the functional domains necessary for transposition, analysis of bean cultivars suggested that some members of the Tpv2 family transposed in recent breeding history. Probes derived from Tpv2, as well as flanking genomic sequences, may be useful for classifying Phaseolus cultivars.
