ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Anorexia and bulimia nervosa can have significant effects on oral health. Assessment of enzyme concentrations in saliva can be useful for obtaining information on molecular biomarkers for the prevention, monitoring, and diagnosis of oral diseases. This study investigated the periodontal condition, changes in salivary biochemical parameters, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. METHODS: The study comprised 60 women patients who attended a Brazilian medical school. Participants were divided into two groups: patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa (ABN; n = 30) and control patients (CN; n = 30). Oral clinical examinations were carried out to evaluate the periodontal condition by Community Periodontal Index, and interviews using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) were conducted to assess OHRQoL. Saliva samples were collected for the evaluation of salivary concentrations of total protein, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and salivary flow rate. RESULTS: Periodontal condition in the ABN group was significantly worse than that in the CN group. The ABN group showed significantly higher salivary concentrations of total protein, AST, ALT, and LDH than the CN group. There was no significant difference in the salivary concentrations of TBARS among the groups. The OHIP-14 score was higher in the ABN group than in the CN group. CONCLUSION: Anorexia and bulimia nervosa are associated with poor periodontal condition, elevated salivary concentrations of total protein, AST, ALT, and LDH, decreased salivary flow rate and a significant adverse impact on OHRQoL.
Subject(s)
Anorexia Nervosa , Bulimia Nervosa , Anorexia , Brazil , Female , Humans , Oral Health , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease during pregnancy has been recognized as one of the causes of preterm and low-birth-weight (PLBW) babies. Several studies have demonstrated that PLBW babies are prone to developing insulin resistance as adults. Although there is controversy over the association between periodontal disease and PLBW, the phenomenon known as programming can translate any stimulus or aggression experienced during intrauterine growth into physiologic and metabolic alterations in adulthood. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether the offspring of rats with periodontal disease develop insulin resistance in adulthood. METHODS: Ten female Wistar rats were divided into periodontal disease (PED) and control (CN) groups. All rats were mated at 7 days after induction of periodontal disease. Male offspring were divided into two groups: 1) periodontal disease offspring (PEDO; n = 24); and 2) control offspring (CNO; n = 24). Offspring body weight was measured from birth until 75 days. When the offspring reached 75 days old, the following parameters were measured: 1) plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, fructosamine, lipase, amylase, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); 2) insulin sensitivity (IS); and 3) insulin signal transduction (IST) in insulin-sensitive tissues. RESULTS: Low birth weight was not detected in the PEDO group. However, plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, fructosamine, lipase, amylase, and TNF-α were increased and IS and IST were reduced (P <0.05) in the PEDO group compared with the CNO group. CONCLUSION: Maternal periodontal disease may induce insulin resistance and reduce IST in adult offspring, but such alterations are not attributable to low birth weight.
Subject(s)
Birth Weight , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Insulin/metabolism , Periodontitis/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Amylases/blood , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Blood Glucose/analysis , Female , Fructosamine/blood , Insulin/blood , Lipase/blood , Male , Periodontitis/blood , Periodontitis/diagnostic imaging , Pregnancy , Radiography , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Signal Transduction , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/bloodABSTRACT
Introdução: as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) podem representar um sério impacto na saúde dos adolescentes, dadas as suas consequências. Objetivo: identificar a percepção e o conhecimento de adolescentes sobre DST, suas formas de transmissão e métodos contraceptivos. Métodos: foi realizado estudo transversal tipo inquérito com 136 adolescentes estudantes de uma instituição pública de formação profissional em um município paulista de médio porte. Utilizou-se um questionário validado, autoaplicável, com perguntas sobre o tema e dados sociodemográficos. Os mesmos foram digitados e analisados pelo programa Epi Info, 3.5.1. Resultados: 97,1% afirmaram conhecer a camisinha masculina; 89,0%, a pílula; 87,5%, a camisinha feminina,; 74,3%, a pílula do dia seguinte; 47,8%, a tabelinha; 41,9%, a injeção hormonal; 33,1%, o DIU; 31,6%, o coito interrompido e 1,5% outros. Segundo eles, a informação foi fornecida principalmente na escola (46,1%), por amigos ou parceiro (20,3%), médico (10,9%) e televisão(10,2%). No que se refere às DST, 98,5% afirmaram que doenças podem ser transmitidas durante a relação sexual. A aids (91,2%) e o herpes (72,8%) foram as mais citadas. 31,6% dos adolescentes afirmaram que correm risco de contrair alguma DST, sendo 88,4% destes por não utilizar a camisinha, 30,2% porque o parceiro se relaciona com outras pessoas, 18% por possuírem vários parceiros e 9,3% por outros motivos. Conclusão: os adolescentes mesmo conhecendo diversos métodos contraceptivos e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, ainda não se previnem. É necessário que a escola reforce o uso dos métodos, já que a mesma é importante fonte de informações educativas em saúde.
Introduction: sexually transmitted diseases (DST) can represent an important impact on teenager?s health due its consequences. Objective: to identify the perception and knowledge of teenagers about DST, its transmission forms and contraception. Methods: it was made a cross-sectional study type investigation, with 136 teenager students from a Technical Education Public Institution in a middle-sized city. It was used a tested instrument, self answered, with opened and closed questions about theme and sociodemographic data. The same data were stored and analyzed by Program Epi Info version 3.5.1. Results: 97,1% affirmed to know male condoms, 89,0% oral contraceptives, 87,5% female condoms, 74,3% postcoital contraceptives, 47,8% natural family planning methods, 41,9% hormonal injection, 33,1% intrauterine devices, 31,6% coitus interruptus and 1,5% other contraceptive methods. According with them, the information was gave principally on high school (46,1%), by friends or partners (20,3%), doctor (10,9%), television (10,2%). In relation to DST, 98,5% affirmed that diseases can be transmitted during coitus. The aids (91,2%) and herpes (72,8%) were the most cited diseases. Just 31,6% of teenagers affirmed that run the risk to acquire some DST, and 88,4% of them, due no use of condoms, 30,2% due their partner make relation with other people, 18% due have many sexual partners and 9,3% due other causes. Conclusion: even teenagers knowing many contraceptive methods and sexually transmitted diseases, the teenagers have not prevented theirselves yet. It?s necessary that the high school reinforce the use of contraceptive methods, because the school is an important source of educative information on health area.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/transmission , Condoms , Contraception , Adolescent Health , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Introdução: os profissionais de saúde, em muitos casos, apresentam práticas defensivas e excludentes, características do preconceito e da discriminação, no atendimento a pacientes HIV-positivo. Objetivo: verificar a percepção de pacientes soropositivos de um centro de referência para DST/HIV/aids em relação a tratamentos de saúde. Métodos: realizaram-se entrevistas com perguntas relacionadas às atitudes discriminatórias sofridas, acesso e assistência à saúde. Resultados: participaram da pesquisa 130 indivíduos, dos quais 30 (23,1%) relataram eventos de discriminação sofrida fora do centro de referência, predominantemente do cirurgião-dentista e 112 (86,2%) acreditavam ter o mesmo acesso e assistência à saúde que outros cidadãos. Sessenta e dois (47,7%)tratavam-se com o dentista do centro de referência, sendo que destes, 56 (90,3%) achavam bom serem atendidos em uma unidade odontológica somente para HIV-positivo e seis (9,7%) mostraram-se indiferentes, acreditavam estar mais expostos, ou ser preconceito haver um dentista para atender indivíduos soropositivos. Conclusão: conclui-se que muitos pacientes já foram discriminados fora do centro de referência. Porém, a maioria apresenta um sentimento positivo ao tratamento recebido num local específico para pacientes HIV-positivo, devido ao acolhimento compreendido pela humanização e acesso aos serviços de saúde.
Introduction: health professionals, in many cases, have defensive and exclusionary practices, patterns of prejudice and discrimination in response to HIVpositive patients. Objective: to verify the perception of patients seropositives from a reference center for STD/HIV/aids in relation to health care. Methods: there were interviews with questions related to discriminatory attitudes suffered, access and health care. Results: 130 individuals participated in the survey, from which 30 (23.1%) reported events of discrimination suffered outside the center of reference, predominantly from surgeon-dentists and 112 (86.2%) believed to have the same access and health care as other citizens. 62 (47.7%) treated with the dental center of reference, of which 56 (90.3%) felt goodbeing treated in a dental unit only for HIV positive and six (9.7%) were indifferent, believed to be more exposed, or have a bias to attend dental seropositive individuals. Conclusion: it is concluded that many patients have already been discriminated against outside the reference center. However, most of them have a positive feeling towards the treatment received at a specific place for treating HIV-positive patients, due to the feeling of being welcome at that place due to the humanization and access to health care.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Perception , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy , HIV Seropositivity , Health Personnel , Cross-Sectional Studies , Practice Patterns, Dentists'ABSTRACT
Although there is considerable published research on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), individual biases persist because of lack of information regarding HIV virus transmission. As a result, both infected patients and health care professionals suffer. The objective of this study was to determine if there is prejudice among university professors at the School of Dentistry at Aracatuba's Sao Paulo State University (FOA-UNESP) concerning HIV-positive patients or HIV-positive health care professionals. Out of the seventy-seven professors who responded to the questionnaire, 62.3 percent (forty-eight) stated that they advise their students not to refuse to treat a patient with HIV. Although 96.2 percent (fifty-two) of the fifty-four professors who treat patients have reported that they treat patients who are HIV-positive, only 65.3 percent of them were aware of infection control precautions, and only 32.7 percent reported that they would treat an HIV-positive patient like any other patient. There is also prejudice regarding HIV-positive professionals because only 48.1 percent (thirty-seven) of the professors responded that they would be willing to be treated by an infected professional. It can be concluded that there is prejudice among some of the FOA-UNESP university professors regarding individuals who are HIV-positive.
