ABSTRACT
Abstract The fish may experience periods of food deprivation or starvation which produce metabolic changes. In this study, adult Rhamdia quelen males were subjected to fasting periods of 1, 7, 14, and 21 days and of refeeding 2, 4, 6, and 12 days. The results demonstrated that liver protein was depleted after 1 day of fasting, but recovered after 6 days of refeeding. After 14 days of fasting, mobilization in the lipids of the muscular tissue took place, and these reserves began to re-establish themselves after 4 days of refeeding. Plasmatic triglycerides increased after 1 day of fasting, and decreased following 2 days of refeeding. The glycerol in the plasma oscillated constantly during the different periods of fasting and refeeding. Changes in the metabolism of both protein and lipids during these periods can be considered as survival strategies used by R. quelen. The difference in the metabolic profile of the tissues, the influence of the period of fasting, and the type of reserves mobilized were all in evidence.
Resumo Os peixes podem sofrer períodos de privação de alimentos ou de fome, que produzem mudanças metabólicas. Neste estudo, jundiás machos adultos foram submetidos a jejum períodos de 1, 7, 14 e 21 dias e realimentação 2, 4, 6, e 12 dias. Os resultados demonstraram que a proteína do fígado foi esgotada depois de um dia de jejum, mas restabeleceu após 6 dias de realimentação. Após 14 dias de jejum, ocorreu a mobilização dos lípidos no tecido muscular sendo que estas reservas começaram a re-estabelecer-se após 4 dias de realimentação. Os triglicérides plasmáticos aumentam após um dia de jejum, e diminuiram após 2 dias de realimentação. O glicerol no plasma oscilou constantemente durante os diferentes períodos de jejum e realimentação. As alterações no metabolismo de proteína e lipídios durante estes períodos podem ser consideradas uma estratégias de sobrevivência utilizada pelo Rhamdia quelen. Sendo que a diferença no perfil metabólico tecidual bem como a influência do período de jejum e o tipo de reserva a ser mobilizada foram observadas neste estudo.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Catfishes/physiology , Fasting/physiology , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Lipid Metabolism/physiology , Feeding Behavior , Adaptation, Physiological , Fasting/metabolism , Glycogen/metabolism , Lipids/blood , Animal Feed , MusclesABSTRACT
The fish may experience periods of food deprivation or starvation which produce metabolic changes. In this study, adult Rhamdia quelen males were subjected to fasting periods of 1, 7, 14, and 21 days and of refeeding 2, 4, 6, and 12 days. The results demonstrated that liver protein was depleted after 1 day of fasting, but recovered after 6 days of refeeding. After 14 days of fasting, mobilization in the lipids of the muscular tissue took place, and these reserves began to re-establish themselves after 4 days of refeeding. Plasmatic triglycerides increased after 1 day of fasting, and decreased following 2 days of refeeding. The glycerol in the plasma oscillated constantly during the different periods of fasting and refeeding. Changes in the metabolism of both protein and lipids during these periods can be considered as survival strategies used by R. quelen. The difference in the metabolic profile of the tissues, the influence of the period of fasting, and the type of reserves mobilized were all in evidence.
Subject(s)
Catfishes/physiology , Energy Metabolism/physiology , Fasting/physiology , Feeding Behavior , Lipid Metabolism/physiology , Adaptation, Physiological , Animal Feed , Animals , Fasting/metabolism , Glycogen/metabolism , Lipids/blood , Male , MusclesABSTRACT
Abstract The fish may experience periods of food deprivation or starvation which produce metabolic changes. In this study, adult Rhamdia quelen males were subjected to fasting periods of 1, 7, 14, and 21 days and of refeeding 2, 4, 6, and 12 days. The results demonstrated that liver protein was depleted after 1 day of fasting, but recovered after 6 days of refeeding. After 14 days of fasting, mobilization in the lipids of the muscular tissue took place, and these reserves began to re-establish themselves after 4 days of refeeding. Plasmatic triglycerides increased after 1 day of fasting, and decreased following 2 days of refeeding. The glycerol in the plasma oscillated constantly during the different periods of fasting and refeeding. Changes in the metabolism of both protein and lipids during these periods can be considered as survival strategies used by R. quelen. The difference in the metabolic profile of the tissues, the influence of the period of fasting, and the type of reserves mobilized were all in evidence.
Resumo Os peixes podem sofrer períodos de privação de alimentos ou de fome, que produzem mudanças metabólicas. Neste estudo, jundiás machos adultos foram submetidos a jejum períodos de 1, 7, 14 e 21 dias e realimentação 2, 4, 6, e 12 dias. Os resultados demonstraram que a proteína do fígado foi esgotada depois de um dia de jejum, mas restabeleceu após 6 dias de realimentação. Após 14 dias de jejum, ocorreu a mobilização dos lípidos no tecido muscular sendo que estas reservas começaram a re-estabelecer-se após 4 dias de realimentação. Os triglicérides plasmáticos aumentam após um dia de jejum, e diminuiram após 2 dias de realimentação. O glicerol no plasma oscilou constantemente durante os diferentes períodos de jejum e realimentação. As alterações no metabolismo de proteína e lipídios durante estes períodos podem ser consideradas uma estratégias de sobrevivência utilizada pelo Rhamdia quelen. Sendo que a diferença no perfil metabólico tecidual bem como a influência do período de jejum e o tipo de reserva a ser mobilizada foram observadas neste estudo.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The BCRF II study presents a systematic review of the norms, recommendations and guidelines that are considered medical care standards (MCS) for breast cancer in 12 Latin American and Caribbean countries. Three key questions from the BCRF I survey data on early detection and diagnosis are presented to identify implementation practice patterns related to MCS. METHODS: Information related to MCS was requested from governmental health authorities, cancer institutes, and national scientific and professional societies in 12 Latin American and Caribbean countries. Documents received were reviewed by breast cancer experts from each respective country. Three key survey questions from the BCRF I survey on early detection and diagnosis were reprocessed to provide information related to implementation practice of existing MCS. RESULTS: All countries included in the BCRF II study had medical care standards (MCS) whether published by governmental authorities, national professional or scientific associations, cancer institutes, or adoption of international MCS. Experts reported different practice patterns at a Country level versus a Center level. Overall, 85% of the experts reported that less than 50% of the women with no symptoms undergo a mammography at the Country level compared to 43% at the Center level. For diagnostic suspicion of breast cancer, 80% of experts considered the diagnostic suspicion at a Country level to come from the patient compared to 50% at a Center level. About 30% of patients waited for more than 3 months for a diagnosis at the Country level compared to 7% at the Center level. CONCLUSION: All the Latin America and Caribbean countries in the study reported the use of similar MCS for breast cancer care. The reported difference between care practiced at a Country level versus a Center level suggests the challenge is not in generating new MCS, but in implementing policies and control mechanisms for compliance with existing MCS, guaranteeing their applicability to all populations.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Health Plan Implementation/organization & administration , Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration , Mass Screening/organization & administration , Women's Health Services/organization & administration , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Caribbean Region/epidemiology , Female , Health Plan Implementation/standards , Health Services Accessibility/standards , Humans , Latin America/epidemiology , Male , Mass Screening/standards , Medical Oncology/organization & administration , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Quality Indicators, Health Care/organization & administration , Socioeconomic Factors , Women's Health , Women's Health Services/standardsABSTRACT
La incidencia del cáncer de mama en países latinoamericanos es menor que en países más desarrollados, mientras que la tasa de mortalidad es mayor. Estas diferencias están relacionadas probablemente con diferencias en estrategias de despistaje y acceso al tratamiento. Se necesitan datos basados en población a fin de que sea posible tomar decisiones informadas. En el año 2006 se llevó a cabo una encuesta telefónica de 65 preguntas, que incluyó a 100 expertos en cáncer de mama de 12 países latinoamericanos, efectuando un análisis exploratorio del estado actual del tratamiento de cáncer de mama en estas regiones, tanto a nivel país como a nivel centro. Más del 90% de los países no tienen ley nacional o guía para screening mamográfico. La tasa de acceso a mamografía fue del 66,3% a nivel país y del 47,0% a nivel centro. La diferencia en la atención, basada en el nivel (país versus centro), fue indicada por la iniciación del tratamiento luego del diagnóstico, el tiempo desde el diagnóstico inicial al tratamiento y el tiempo desde la cirugía hasta la quimioterapia inicial. Sin embargo, las pruebas diagnósticas más sofisticadas para receptores hormonales y moleculares están disponibles en la mayoría de los centros (>80%), y en total, casi el 80% de las pacientes comenzaron el tratamiento dentro de los 3 meses del diagnóstico. La variación en la atención entre el nivel del centro versus el nivel del país para la atención del cáncer de mama, indica una necesidad de programas nacionales para el cuidado del cáncer. También se concluye que son necesarias estrategias alternativas de recolección de datos, a fin de comprender mejor el estado de los programas de control del cáncer de mama en países en desarrollo
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Caribbean Region , Data Collection , Latin America , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/therapyABSTRACT
La incidencia del cáncer de mama en países latinoamericanos es menor que en países más desarrollados, mientras que la tasa de mortalidad es mayor. Estas diferencias están relacionadas probablemente con diferencias en estrategias de despistaje y acceso al tratamiento. Se necesitan datos basados en población a fin de que sea posible tomar decisiones informadas. En el año 2006 se llevó a cabo una encuesta telefónica de 65 preguntas, que incluyó a 100 expertos en cáncer de mama de 12 países latinoamericanos, efectuando un análisis exploratorio del estado actual del tratamiento de cáncer de mama en estas regiones, tanto a nivel país como a nivel centro. Más del 90% de los países no tienen ley nacional o guía para screening mamográfico. La tasa de acceso a mamografía fue del 66,3% a nivel país y del 47,0% a nivel centro. La diferencia en la atención, basada en el nivel (país versus centro), fue indicada por la iniciación del tratamiento luego del diagnóstico, el tiempo desde el diagnóstico inicial al tratamiento y el tiempo desde la cirugía hasta la quimioterapia inicial. Sin embargo, las pruebas diagnósticas más sofisticadas para receptores hormonales y moleculares están disponibles en la mayoría de los centros (>80%), y en total, casi el 80% de las pacientes comenzaron el tratamiento dentro de los 3 meses del diagnóstico. La variación en la atención entre el nivel del centro versus el nivel del país para la atención del cáncer de mama, indica una necesidad de programas nacionales para el cuidado del cáncer. También se concluye que son necesarias estrategias alternativas de recolección de datos, a fin de comprender mejor el estado de los programas de control del cáncer de mama en países en desarrollo
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Data Collection , Latin America , Caribbean RegionABSTRACT
In this report, we describe the biological and molecular characterization of a paramyxovirus type-1 (PPMV-1) isolate found in wild pigeons in an urban habitat in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Of the nine pigeons captured, three were moribund, and the other six showed diarrhea, ataxia, tremor, torticolis, and wing paralysis. The intracerebral pathogenicity index was 1.29, and the amino acid (aa) sequence at the fusion protein cleavage site was 112GRQ KRF117. These characteristics correspond to a virulent Newcastle disease virus isolate. Nevertheless, it was not possible to reproduce the disease in chickens experimentally although the chickens exhibited seroconversion after inoculation. On the other hand, pigeons inoculated with the isolate became sick. These results provide further evidence about the unusual pathogenicity of PPMV-1 for chickens and show once more the need for more biological determinations in these cases to arrive at a final conclusion.
Subject(s)
Columbidae/virology , Newcastle Disease/virology , Newcastle disease virus/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Animals, Wild , Argentina , DNA, Viral/analysis , Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests/veterinary , Hemagglutination Tests/veterinary , Molecular Sequence Data , Newcastle Disease/pathology , Newcastle disease virus/pathogenicity , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Sequence Alignment/veterinary , Viral Fusion Proteins/chemistry , Viral Fusion Proteins/genetics , VirulenceABSTRACT
The authors describe a phase I trial of cisplatin plus decitabine, a novel DNA-hypomethylating agent, in patients with advanced solid tumors, which was followed by an early phase II evaluation of the combination in patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the phase I trial, cisplatin was studied at a fixed dose of 33 mg/m2, while decitabine was escalated in four (I-IV) dose escalation levels (45, 67, 90 to 120 mg/m2, respectively) in consecutive groups of at least 3 patients per dose level. Decytabine was administered to the patients as a two-hour intravenous infusion, while cisplatin was given intravenously immediately after the end of decitabine infusion. Both agents were given on days 1-3 every 21 days. Twenty-one patients were included in the phase I trial. Dose level IV (120 mg/m2 decitabine) was considered the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), while the dose-limiting toxicities were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and mucositis. The recommended doses for phase II trials in good- and poor-risk patients were 90 (level III) and 67 mg/m2 (level II), respectively. One short-lasting partial response was observed in a patient with cervical cancer, while two minor regression were documented in a patients with NSCLC and cervical cancer, respectively. Dose level II was selected for the phase II trial in patients with inoperable NSCLC. Fourteen consecutive patients were included in this part of the study. The median age of the patients was 57 years (range, 39-75), male/female ratio of 11/3 and a median WHO performance status 1 (0-2). The stage of disease were IIIB (5) and IV (9). Prior irradiation to the chest was given in one case. A total of 30 treatment courses were evaluable for toxicity and response, with a median of 2 courses per patient (1-4). Grade 3-4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in about half of the cases. Mucositis, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, and skin rash were also observed in some patients. Three minor responses were documented, which lasted for 4, 16 and 36 weeks. Median survival of patients was 15 weeks (4-38). In conclusion, the cisplatin plus decitabine combination did not exhibit significant antitumor activity in patients with NSCLC at the dose and schedule applied in this trial to justify its further evaluation in this patient population.
Subject(s)
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Azacitidine/analogs & derivatives , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy , Cisplatin/therapeutic use , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Azacitidine/administration & dosage , Azacitidine/adverse effects , Azacitidine/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Cisplatin/adverse effects , Decitabine , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Anthracenes/adverse effects , Anthracenes/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Drug Evaluation , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Leukopenia/chemically induced , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapySubject(s)
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Anthracenes/adverse effects , Anthracenes/therapeutic use , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/adverse effects , Carcinoma, Small Cell/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Drug Evaluation , Female , Humans , Leukocyte Count , Leukopenia/chemically induced , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Thirty-two patients with advanced gynecologic malignancies were treated with m-AMSA, 120 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks. Seventeen patients with advanced carcinoma of the cervix who were treated with m-AMSA had a median performance status (CALGB scale) of 2. There were two partial responses (PR) (14%) in 16 evaluable patients. The median duration of survival was 76 days following the initiation of m-AMSA treatment. In ovarian carcinoma, none of the nine evaluable patients who were treated responded. One PR occurred among four treated patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma. Toxicity was limited to myelosuppression (WBC greater than 2500/micrograms in 29/77 courses, WBC greater than 1500/micrograms in 16/77 courses, platelets greater than 100,000/micrograms in 10/77 courses, and drug-induced anemia in 7/77 courses) and mild to moderate nausea and vomiting (10/31 patients). Three patients required hospitalization for fever and granulocytopenia, and one patient died from drug-induced sepsis. Although toxicity was acceptable in this group of heavily pretreated patients, m-AMSA has limited activity in patients with advanced carcinoma of the cervix and no apparent activity in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinomas. Continued trials are indicated in patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium.
Subject(s)
Aminoacridines/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Genital Neoplasms, Female/drug therapy , Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Amsacrine , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Drug Evaluation , Female , Humans , Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy , Uterine Neoplasms/drug therapyABSTRACT
Los autores analizan la incidencia de las metastasis cerebrales unicas y multiples en el CBP. Se subraya la importancia actual de la tomografia computada en su diagnostico y el valor del metodo para las indicaciones terapeuticas. Las indicaciones quirurgicas y de tratamiento paliativo con telecobaltoterapia son precisadas, destacandose el buen resultado funcional y vital en las lesiones unicas. En segundo termino se comentan los mecanismos de produccion, asi como las indicaciones actuales de la cirugia y radioterapia en las compresiones metastaticas extradurales de la medula
Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Neoplasms , Spinal Cord Compression , Lung Neoplasms , Neoplasm Metastasis , Surgical Procedures, OperativeABSTRACT
The intracranial cisternal or supraoccipital punction in the sitting position, was undertaken in 523 cases, of which 329 presented increased intracranial pressure. The procedure must be done by experts, and was well tolerated. There were no cases of death, arterial hemorrhages or medullary lesions. In 451 cases CSF pressure was measured and CSF was extracted for laboratory examination. Pneumoencephalograms were undertaken with this method in 335 patients. The intracranial cisternal pressure in the sitting position is greater than the suboccipital or cervical cisternal pressure by 1.5 to 3cm H2O. Its value is practically equal to the pressure in the posterior fossa, and when the medial ventricular system is patent, is similar to the pressure in the supratentorial fossas. The intracranial cisternal punction has less risks than the suboccipital punction and can be undertaken in patients with rised intracranial pressure In 62 cases the tap was negative; this led to the diagnosis of amygdaline herniation and the procedure was interrupted without mishap. The authors consider that, in the future, the connection of the cisternal catheter with a transducer, will permit the continuous monitoring of the intracranial cisternal pressure.
Subject(s)
Cisterna Magna/physiology , Intracranial Pressure , Brain Diseases/physiopathology , Cerebrospinal Fluid/physiology , Humans , Monitoring, Physiologic , Punctures/methodsABSTRACT
The authors present the first national observation of a microgliosarcoma. The patient, a woman of 57 years old, was admitted with the clinical and paraclinical diagnosis of an intracranial mass occupying lesion. Surgical excision was incomplete, and postoperative radiotherapy was undertaken. Posteriorly, lymphoma classification criteria was used to determine the extension of the process. Due to an abnormal retroperitoneal finding in the lymphangiogram the patient was submitted to a laparotomy following staging procedures and diagnosing tuberculous ganglia without lymphomatous lesions. Considerations are made on the identity of the origin of microglia and the reticuloendothelial system and the different nomenclature used to name this tumor. The necessity of a classification of the extension of lesion according to established norms for lymphomas is stressed and therapeutic procedures are proposed.
