[Prevalence of chronic diseases and risk factors among the Spanish prison population]. / Prevalencia de patologías crónicas y factores de riesgo en población penitenciaria española.

BACKGROUND: chronic diseases are responsible for 60% of deaths and 75% of spending on public health. There are few works on the prevalence of this type of pathology in prison. OBJECTIVE: Describe the prevalence of chronic major diseases in the population and the major risk factors observed. METHODS: Multicenter transversal descriptive study. The sample size was 1,170 people, who were selected through sampling stratified with simple allocation by strata among 9 prisons in the country. There were interviews and physical examinations between May and June 2013. Variables were collected: socio-demographic, diagnostic, anthropometric, clinical-analytical and risk factors. A descriptive and subsequent comparative analysis was carried out using non-parametric tests for quantitative variables using the Mann-Whitney test and a Ji-square test for categorical variables. Subsequently, binary logistic regression models to evaluate the influence of factors of risk in major pathologies. The manuscript was approved by the Ethics Committee for clinical research of the University General Hospital of Castellon. RESULTS: 1 of every 2 inmates has some type of chronic disease out of the 1,077 participated (92.1). Median age of 37.4 years IQR (30.0 to 44.8). 95 males, 40.6 foreigners. Prevalence: dyslipidemias (34.8); arterial hypertension (17.8); Diabetes (5.3); asthma (4.6); COPD (2.2); ischaemic heart disease (1.8) and (1.5) cardio-circulatory pathologies. Main risk factors: smoking, obesity, abdominal fat distribution, consumption of cocaine and age. CONCLUSIONS: It would be interesting to establish early diagnosis, encourage giving up smoking, and physical activity and dietary advice to combat the major modifiable risk factors.

Prevalencia de patologías crónicas y factores de riesgo en población penitenciaria española / Prevalence of Chronic diseass and risk facors among the spanish prison population

Fundamento: Las enfermedades crónicas son responsables del 60% de los fallecimientos y del 75% del gasto público sanitario mundial. Hay pocos trabajos sobre prevalencia de este tipo de patologías en prisión. Objetivos: Describir la prevalencia de las principales enfermedades crónicas en nuestra población y de los principales factores de riesgo observados. Método: Estudio descriptivo trasversal multicéntrico. Se calculó un tamaño muestral de 1.170 personas, se seleccionan por muestreo estratificado con afijación simple entre 9 centros penitenciarios de la geografía nacional. Se realizaron entrevistas y exploraciones físicas entre mayo y junio de 2013. Se recogieron variables: sociodemográficas, diagnósticas, antropométricas, clínico-analíticas y factores de riesgo. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y posteriormente comparativo mediante pruebas no paramétricas ara las variables cuantitativas test de Mann-Whitney y para variables categóricas test de Ji-cuadrado. Posteriormente, modelos de regresión logística binaria para valorar la influencia de los factores de riesgo en las principales patologías. Se obtuvo la aprobación del Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica del Hospital General Universitario de Castellón. Resultados: 1 de cada 2 reclusos presentan algún tipo de patología crónica. Participaron 1.077 (92,1%). Mediana de edad 37,4 años IQR (30,0 a 44,8). 95% varones, 40,6% extranjeros. Prevalencias: dislipemias (34,8%); hipertensión arterial (17,8%); diabetes (5,3%); asma (4,6%); EPOC (2,2%); cardiopatías isquémicas (1,8%) y patologías cardio-circulatorias (1,5%). Principales factores de riesgo: tabaquismo, obesidad, distribución abdominal de grasa, consumo de cocaína y edad. Conclusiones: Sería interesante establecer diagnósticos precoces, así como potenciar el abandono del tabaco, la actividad física y el consejo dietético para combatir los principales factores de riesgo modificables (AU)

Background: chronic diseases are responsible for 60% of deaths and 75% of spending on public health. There are few works on the prevalence of this type of pathology in prison. Objective: Describe the prevalence of chronic major diseases in the population and the major risk factors observed. Methods: Multicenter transversal descriptive study. The sample size was 1,170 people, who were selected through sampling stratified with simple allocation by strata among 9 prisons in the country. There were interviews and physical examinations between May and June 2013. Variables were collected: socio-demographic, diagnostic, anthropometric, clinical-analytical and risk factors. A descriptive and subsequent comparative analysis was carried out using non-parametric tests for quantitative variables using the Mann-Whitney test and a Ji-square test for categorical variables. Subsequently, binary logistic regression models to evaluate the influence of factors of risk in major pathologies. The manuscript was approved by the Ethics Committee for clinical research of the University General Hospital of Castellon. Results: 1 of every 2 inmates has some type of chronic disease out of the 1,077 participated (92.1). Median age of 37.4 years IQR (30.0 to 44.8). 95 males, 40.6 foreigners. Prevalence: dyslipidemias (34.8); arterial hypertension (17.8); Diabetes (5.3); asthma (4.6); COPD (2.2); ischaemic heart disease (1.8) and (1.5) cardio-circulatory pathologies. Main risk factors: smoking,obesity, abdominal fat distribution, consumption of cocaine and age. Conclusions: It would be interesting to establish early diagnosis, encourage giving up smoking, and physical activity and dietary advice to combat the major modifiable risk factors (AU)

[Job satisfaction of nursing staff in Spanish prisons]. / Satisfacción laboral de la enfermería en las prisiones españolas.

BACKGROUND: There are no available studies assessing job satisfaction amongst nursing staff in Spanish prisons. The aim of this study is to establish overall levels of job satisfaction and determine each of the components. METHOD: Cross-sectional and multi-centre descriptive study conducted in Spanish prisons. A Font Roja satisfaction questionnaire adapted by J. Arranz for the study was used to measure degrees of job satisfaction using a Likert's scale. A parametric test was used and a regression model was constructed for predictive ends. RESULTS: 376 nurses answered the questionnaire (Participation Rate 62.7%; Response Rate 76.7%) 67 centres took part (91.8%). The average satisfaction mark was 2.84 (CL 95%: 2.81-2.87). The lowest ranked components were job variety 1.66 (CL 95%: 1.58-1.74), job-related stress 2.15 (CL 95%: 2.08-2.23) and control over job 2.77 (CL 95%: 2.73-2.82). The highest ranked aspect was job satisfaction, averaging 3.52 (CL 95%: 3.44-3.58). CONCLUSIONS: The average satisfaction mark for prison nursing staff was low when compared to other groups of health care professionals, which implies the need for corrective measures.

Los cuidados de enfermería psiquiátrica en los centros penitenciarios / Psychiatric nursing care in prisons

Los cuidados de enfermería psiquiátrica en los centros penitenciarios “tipo” españoles, están poco desarrollados o no existen, a pesar de que el número de internos con trastornos mentales es cada vez más numeroso. En este trabajo se describe el procesode creación de una herramienta de valoración enfermera que consiste en un cuestionario administrado por el personal de enfermería para ayuda a detectar y tratar los trastornos mentales de los enfermos ingresados en prisión de una forma más temprana y precisa. Se describe también la estructura y forma de uso del cuestionario y la valoración inicial que se ha obtenido con esta herramienta en una muestra piloto de internos

Although the number of prison inmates with mental disorders in Spanish prisons is steadily growing, psychiatric nursing is either underdeveloped or effectively non-existent. This study sets out to describe the design of a nursing evaluation tool consisting of a questionnaire for use by nursing personnel that can help in the detection and treatment of mental disorders amongst inmates more quickly and precisely. The study also describes the format and use of the questionnaire, and includes an initialevaluation of the tool using data taken from a pilot sample of inmates