Neurocognitive reorganization of emotional processing following a socio-cognitive intervention in Colombian ex-combatants.

Ex-combatants often exhibit atypical Emotional Processing (EP) such as reduced emphatic levels and higher aggressive attitudes. Social Cognitive Training (SCT) addressing socio-emotional components powerfully improve social interaction among Colombian ex-combatants. However, with narrow neural evidence, this study offers a new testimony. A sample of 28 ex-combatants from Colombian illegal armed groups took part in this study, split into 15 for SCT and 13 for the conventional program offered by the Governmental Reintegration Route. All of them were assessed before and after the intervention with a protocol that included an EP task synchronized with electroencephalographic recordings. We drew behavioral scores and brain connectivity (Coherency) metrics from task performance. Behavioral scores yielded no significant effects. Increased post-intervention connectivity in the delta band was observed during negative emotional processing only SCT group. Positive emotions exposed distinctive gamma band connectivity that differentiate groups. These results suggest that SCT can trigger covert neurofunctional reorganization in ex-combatants embarked on the reintegration process even when overt behavioral improvements are not yet apparent. Such covert functional changes may be the neural signature of compensatory mechanisms necessary to reshape behaviors adaptively. This novel framework may inspire cutting-edge translational research at the crossing of neuroscience, sociology, and public policy-making.

SEOM clinical guidelines on cardiovascular toxicity (2018).

One of the most common side effects of cancer treatment is cardiovascular disease, which substantially impacts long-term survivor's prognosis. Cardiotoxicity can be related with either a direct side effect of antitumor therapies or an accelerated development of cardiovascular diseases in the presence of preexisting risk factors. Even though it is widely recognized as an alarming clinical problem, scientific evidence is scarce in the management of these complications in cancer patients. Consequently, current recommendations are based on expert consensus. This Guideline represents SEOM's ongoing commitment to progressing and improving supportive care for cancer patients.

Effects of Chronic Physical Activity on Glomerular Filtration Rate, Creatinine, and the Markers of Anemia of Kidney Transplantation Patients.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of anemia in kidney transplantation patients (KTPs) is very common and seems to be associated with the reduction in both renal function and physical exercise tolerance. The purpose of the present study was to compare biochemical markers of anemia and renal function of physically active and sedentary KTPs. METHOD: Serum hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), and serum creatinine (used to derive estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) were obtained from the medical records of 18 KTPs assisted at the Center for Prevention of Kidney Diseases of the Federal University of Maranhao Hospital. The physically active transplant patients (group 1) included 7 men and 2 women, aged 49 ± 14 years who participated for at least 6 months on a supervised physical exercise program (SPEP) (2 to 3 times a week, 90-minute sessions) and the sedentary counterparts (group 2) of 2 men and 7 women, aged 37 ± 15 years. RESULTS: Group 1 presented higher values of Hb (14.2 ± 2.6 vs 10.7 ± 0.6 g/dL; P = .003), Hct (41.6% ± 7.0% vs 32.3% ± 1.4%; P = .004), and eGFR (64.4 ± 19.4 vs 39.3 ± 19.7 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = .015) when compared with group 2. There was a positive and significant correlation between Hb and eGFR (r = 0.528; P = .024), and between Hct and eGFR (r = .509; P = .031). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that regular physical activity seems to improve the biochemical markers of anemia and also the renal function of KTPs, and these patients should be advised to participate in SPEP.

[Proximal humeral resurfacing. Whats today indication?] / Prótesis de recubrimiento en húmero proximal: ¿Cuál es la indicación hoy en día?

INTRODUCTION: Data published in the literature about humeral resurfacing prostheses are not conclusive with good functional results but with large differences in the revision rate. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes in patients operated at our center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 19 cases in 18 patients. Follow-up of 31 (12-61) months. Surgery was indicated in cases of primary or secondary osteoarthritis. Demographic data, Constant scale, DASH questionnaire, complications and satisfaction were analyzed. Three patients were lost to follow-up due to death unrelated to surgery. RESULTS: Mean age of 56 (25-80) years. Constant normalized of 73 (23-104) points. DASH questionnaire of 31 (7-84) points. Ninety four percent of the patients resumed their recreational activities and 81% sports activities. In seven cases, inferior conflict in the glenoid with varus implant was observed radiologically. There were five complications; a conservatively resolved capsulitis, three reinterventions due to symptomatic inferior glenoid usury and another to uncontrollable pain in a conservative way. Patients without rotator cuff lesion presented better scores on the functional questionnaires. All patients were satisfied with the symptomatic improvement over the previous situation and would be operated again if necessary. CONCLUSIONS: The functional outcomes reported are similar to those previously published and, based on them, we believe that the resurfacing prosthesis is an option to be considered in cases of primary or secondary osteoarthritis when there is no rotator cuff injury, regardless of age.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los resultados funcionales de las prótesis de superficie en el húmero proximal son aceptables, pero con grandes diferencias en la tasa y causa de revisión según las diferentes series. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue analizar los resultados clínicos obtenidos en nuestro centro y tratar de definir al paciente ideal para este implante. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 19 casos. Seguimiento de 31 (12-61) meses. La cirugía se indicó en casos de artrosis primaria o secundaria. Se analizaron datos demográficos, escala de Constant normalizada, cuestionario DASH, complicaciones y satisfacción. Hubo tres pérdidas durante el seguimiento por fallecimiento sin relación con la cirugía. RESULTADOS: Edad media de 56 (25-80) años. La puntuación en la escala de Constant normalizada fue 73 (23-104) puntos y en el cuestionario DASH 31 (7-84) puntos. Noventa y cuatro por ciento de los pacientes retomaron sus actividades de ocio. En siete casos se objetivó radiológicamente colocación en varo del implante generando un conflicto inferior en la glena. Se produjo una capsulitis adhesiva resuelta de forma conservadora, tres reintervenciones por usura glenoidea sintomática y una por dolor incontrolable. Los pacientes sin lesión del manguito rotador presentaron mejor puntuación en los cuestionarios funcionales. Todos los pacientes refirieron estar satisfechos con la mejoría sintomática respecto a la situación previa. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados funcionales obtenidos son similares a los publicados previamente. Creemos que la prótesis de superficie debe ser considerada una opción en los casos de artrosis primaria o secundaria sin lesión del manguito rotador, independientemente de la edad.

Elemental turnover rates and trophic discrimination in juvenile Lebranche mullet Mugil liza under experimental conditions.

The aim of this study was to determine the isotopic-turnover rate (RIT ) and trophic-discrimination factor (FTD ) in muscle tissues of Lebranche mullet Mugil liza fed an experimental diet (δ13 C = -27·1‰; δ15 N = 1·0‰). Juvenile M. liza exhibited a relatively fast RIT , with a half-life (t50 ) of only 16 and 14 days for δ13 C and δ15 N respectively and a nearly complete isotopic turnover (t95 ) of 68 and 60 days for δ13 C and δ15 N.

The inner world of overactive monitoring: neural markers of interoception in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients typically overmonitor their own behavior, as shown by symptoms of excessive doubt and checking. Although this is well established for the patients' relationship with external stimuli in the environment, no study has explored their monitoring of internal body signals, a process known to be affected in anxiety-related syndromes. Here, we explored this issue through a cardiac interoception task that measures sensing of heartbeats. Our aim was to explore key behavioral and electrophysiological aspects of internal-cue monitoring in OCD, while examining their potential distinctiveness in this condition. METHOD: We administered a heartbeat detection (HBD) task (with related interoceptive confidence and awareness measures) to three matched groups (OCD patients, panic disorder patients, healthy controls) and recorded ongoing modulations of two task-relevant electrophysiological markers: the heart evoked potential (HEP) and the motor potential (MP). RESULTS: Behaviorally, OCD patients outperformed controls and panic patients in the HBD task. Moreover, they exhibited greater amplitude modulation of both the HEP and the MP during cardiac interoception. However, they evinced poorer confidence and awareness of their interoceptive skills. CONCLUSIONS: Convergent behavioral and electrophysiological data showed that overactive monitoring in OCD extends to the sensing of internal bodily signals. Moreover, this pattern discriminated OCD from panic patients, suggesting a condition-distinctive alteration. Our results highlight the potential of exploring interoceptive processes in the OCD spectrum to better characterize the population's cognitive profile. Finally, these findings may lay new bridges between somatic theories of emotion and cognitive models of OCD.

Fish composition and species richness in eastern South American coastal lagoons: additional support for the freshwater ecoregions of the world.

The relationships between fish composition, connectivity and morphometry of 103 lagoons in nine freshwater ecoregions (FEOW) between 2·83° S and 37·64° S were evaluated in order to detect possible congruence between the gradient of species richness and similarities of assemblage composition. Most lagoons included in the study were <2 km(2) , with a maximum of 3975 km(2) in surface area. Combined surface area of all lagoons included in the study was 5411 km(2) . Number of species varied locally from one to 76. A multiple regression revealed that latitude, attributes of morphometry and connectivity, and sampling effort explained a large amount of variability in species richness. Lagoon area was a good predictor of species richness except in low latitude ecoregions, where lagoons are typically small-sized and not affected by marine immigrants, and where non-native fish species accounted for a significant portion of species richness. Relationships between species and area in small-sized lagoons (<2 km(2) ) is highly similar to the expected number in each ecoregion, with systems located between 18·27° S and 30·15° S attaining higher levels of species richness. Similarities in species composition within the primary, secondary and peripheral or marine divisions revealed strong continental biogeographic patterns only for species less tolerant or intolerant to salinity. Further support for the FEOW scheme in the eastern border of South America is therefore provided, and now includes ecotonal systems inhabited simultaneously by freshwater and marine species of fishes.

Aspects of fish conservation in the upper Patos Lagoon basin.

The Patos Lagoon basin is a large (201 626 km(2) ) and complex drainage system in southern Brazil. The lagoon is 250 km long and 60 km wide, covering an area of 10 360 km(2) . The exchange of water with the Atlantic Ocean occurs through a 0·8 km wide and 15 m deep inlet, fixed by 4 km long jetties, at the southernmost part of the Patos Lagoon. The estuarine area is restricted to its southern portion (10%), although the upper limit of saline waters migrates seasonally and year to year, influenced by the wind regime and river discharge. The known number of recorded limnetic fish species is 200, but this number is expected to increase. A higher endemism is observed in fish species occurring in upper tributaries. The basin suffers from the direct impact of almost 7 million inhabitants, concentrated in small to large cities, most with untreated domestic effluents. There are at least 16 non-native species recorded in natural habitats of the Patos Lagoon basin, about half of these being from other South American river basins. Concerning the fishery, although sport and commercial fisheries are widespread throughout the Patos Lagoon basin, the lagoon itself and the estuarine area are the main fishing areas. Landing statistics are not available on a regular basis or for the whole basin. The fishery in the northern Patos Lagoon captures 31 different species, nine of which are responsible for most of the commercial catches, but only three species are actually sustaining the artisanal fishery: the viola Loricariichthys anus: 455 kg per 10 000 m(2) gillnet per day, the mullet Mugil liza: 123 kg per 10 000 m(2) gillnet per day and the marine catfish Genidens barbus: 50 kg per 10 000 m(2) gillnet per day. A decline of the fish stocks can be attributed to inadequate fishery surveillance, which leads to overfishing and mortality of juveniles, or to decreasing water quality because of urban and industrial activities and power production. Global climatic changes also represent a major threat to the Patos system by changing the frequency of El Niño-La Niña-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

Trophic segregation of a fish assemblage along lateral depth gradients in a subtropical coastal lagoon revealed by stable isotope analyses.

Stable isotopes were used to evaluate the hypothesis that fish assemblages occurring in shallow and deep areas of a large coastal lagoon are structured in partially segregated trophic modules with consumers showing contrasting reliance on benthic or pelagic food sources. The results revealed that fishes in deep areas were mainly dependent on particulate organic matter in the sediment (SOM), whereas emergent macrophytes were as important as SOM to fish consumers in shallow areas. Conceptual trophic diagrams depicting relationships among basal food sources and consumers in different regions of the lagoon highlighted the greater use of multiple basal food sources by more feeding mode functional guilds in shallow water compared with the use of predominantly benthic resources (SOM) in deep areas. The findings appear to corroborate the initial hypothesis and offer complementary perspectives in understanding the role of spatial ecology in structuring coastal ecosystem function and productivity.

Desempenho de porcas lactantes em função da ordem de parto / Performance of lactating sows according to parturition order

Realizou-se o trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da ordem de parto sobre o desempenho produtivo de porcas lactantes. Foram utilizadas 200 porcas lactantes, distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos: 1ª e 2ª; 3ª a 5ª; 6ª e 7ª; e 8ª a 11ª ordem de parto, com 40, 81, 32 e 47 repetições, respectivamente. A ordem de parto não influenciou (P>0,05) o número de leitões desmamados, peso dos leitões e leitegada ao desmame, ganho de peso dos leitões e leitegada, e mortalidade. Verificou-se maior (P<0,05) ocorrência total e percentual de diarreias em leitões de porcas de terceira a quinta ordem de parto. O pior escore fecal foi verificado em leitões de porcas de primeira e segunda ordem de parto. A ordem de parto também influenciou (P<0,05) o percentual de incidência média diária de diarreia nos leitões, com maior incidência em leitões de porcas de primeira e segunda ordem de parto. Concluiu-se que a ordem de parto das porcas não influencia o desempenho produtivo das porcas lactantes, ainda que leitões oriundos de porcas de primeira e segunda ordem de parto apresentem maior incidência diária de diarreia e maior grau de severidade das diarreias...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of parturition order on the productive performance of lactating sows. In a completely randomized design, 200 lactating cows were allocated to four treatments: 1st and 2nd, 3rd to 5th, 6th and 7th and 8th to 11th parturition order, with 40, 81, 32 and 47 repetitions, respectively. The parturition order did not influence (P>0.05) the number of weaned piglets, weight of piglets and litter at weaning, weight gain of piglets and litter, or mortality. A higher (P<0.05) total and percent occurrence of diarrhea was observed in piglets of third to fifth parturition sows. The worst fecal score was found in piglets born to first and second parturition sows. The parturition order also influenced (P<0.05) the mean daily incidence of diarrhea in piglets, with a higher incidence in piglets of first and second parturition sows. In conclusion, parturition order did not influence the productive performance of lactating sows, although piglets born to first and second parturition sows exhibited a higher daily incidence of diarrhea and more severe symptoms...

Desempenho de porcas lactantes em função da ordem de parto / Performance of lactating sows according to parturition order

Realizou-se o trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da ordem de parto sobre o desempenho produtivo de porcas lactantes. Foram utilizadas 200 porcas lactantes, distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos: 1ª e 2ª; 3ª a 5ª; 6ª e 7ª; e 8ª a 11ª ordem de parto, com 40, 81, 32 e 47 repetições, respectivamente. A ordem de parto não influenciou (P>0,05) o número de leitões desmamados, peso dos leitões e leitegada ao desmame, ganho de peso dos leitões e leitegada, e mortalidade. Verificou-se maior (P<0,05) ocorrência total e percentual de diarreias em leitões de porcas de terceira a quinta ordem de parto. O pior escore fecal foi verificado em leitões de porcas de primeira e segunda ordem de parto. A ordem de parto também influenciou (P<0,05) o percentual de incidência média diária de diarreia nos leitões, com maior incidência em leitões de porcas de primeira e segunda ordem de parto. Concluiu-se que a ordem de parto das porcas não influencia o desempenho produtivo das porcas lactantes, ainda que leitões oriundos de porcas de primeira e segunda ordem de parto apresentem maior incidência diária de diarreia e maior grau de severidade das diarreias...(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of parturition order on the productive performance of lactating sows. In a completely randomized design, 200 lactating cows were allocated to four treatments: 1st and 2nd, 3rd to 5th, 6th and 7th and 8th to 11th parturition order, with 40, 81, 32 and 47 repetitions, respectively. The parturition order did not influence (P>0.05) the number of weaned piglets, weight of piglets and litter at weaning, weight gain of piglets and litter, or mortality. A higher (P<0.05) total and percent occurrence of diarrhea was observed in piglets of third to fifth parturition sows. The worst fecal score was found in piglets born to first and second parturition sows. The parturition order also influenced (P<0.05) the mean daily incidence of diarrhea in piglets, with a higher incidence in piglets of first and second parturition sows. In conclusion, parturition order did not influence the productive performance of lactating sows, although piglets born to first and second parturition sows exhibited a higher daily incidence of diarrhea and more severe symptoms...(AU)

Effect of a physical exercise program on the functional capacity of liver transplant patients.

BACKGROUND: Recently there has been great concern about the quality of life and health of liver transplant patients (LTP). These patients often present with metabolic disorders, which can improve with regular physical exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a physical exercise program on the functional capacity of LTP. METHOD: The distance walked in the 6-minute walk test and the resting energy expenditure (REE) were evaluated in 15 subjects who regularly attend the outpatient Bias Fortes Clinic at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. The patients were divided into 2 groups, the Exercise Group (EG) (6 men and 3 women; 52 ± 15 years old, BMI 22.4 ± 4.0 kg/m²) performed 24 sessions of continuous 30 min treadmill exercise. Intensity of exercise was increased from 50%-70% of the maximum heart rate over the training period. A group of 3 men and 3 women (39 ± 15 years, BMI 24.5 ± 4.4 kg/m²) served as controls (CG). RESULTS: After undergoing exercise training, patients in the EG showed a 19.4% increase in the distance walked (pre = 453.6 ± 128.0 m and post = 582.5 ± 90.1 m). Also, there was an increase in their REE (pre = 1,060.0 ± 194.2 kcal and post = 1,375.0 ± 258.6 kcal) (P < .05) indicating an increase in their exercise capacity and metabolic improvements. There were no differences in the distance walked (pre = 516.5 ± 62.0 m and post = 517.7 ± 71.9 m) and REE (pre = 1,393.0 ± 213.3 kcal to post = 1,465.0 ± 170.3 kcal) (P > .05) for CG. Our results are in agreement with previous studies. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the exercise program promoted significant improvements in functional capacity. These findings have positive implications for the control of metabolic diseases, which are common in patients after liver transplantation.

PREVALÊNCIA DE HELMITOS EM EQUINOS DA RAÇA MANGALARGA MARCHADOR NO SUL DE MINAS GERAIS / PREVALENCE OF HELMINTHS IN MANGALARGA MARCHADOR HORSES IN THE SOUTH OF MINAS GERAIS

A fauna parasitária dos equinos compreende uma grande variedade de helmintos. Estas parasitoses podem refletir desde um menor desempenho do rendimento fisiológico a doenças que cursam com o óbito do animal. As infecções recorrentes e o uso indiscriminado de vermífugos vêm selecionando populações resistentes que dificultam o controle parasitário e causam maiores prejuízos econômicos. O objetivo do trabalho consistiu em identificar os gêneros e espécies de helmintos presentes em equinos do sul de MG. Foram avaliados animais de 33 haras, de abril a junho de 2013, e as fezes destes animais foram coletadas para posteriores análises. No laboratório, foi realizado o OPG modificado e coprocultura, com posterior retirada das larvas pela técnica de Baermann para identificação de diferentes gêneros e espécies de acordo com a chave proposta por Bevilacqua et al. (1993) e Kornás et al. (2009). Observou-se que ciatostomíneos, com oito células intestinais (gêneros Cylicocyclus, Cylicostephanus e Cyathostomum), estiveram presentes em 100% das propriedades examinadas; seguidos pelas seguintes espécies e resp

AVALIAÇÃO DA RESISTÊNCIA ANTI-HELMÍNTICA POR NEMATÓIDES DA ORDEM STRONGYLIDA À DUAS BASES UTILIZADAS EM EQUINOS NO SUL DE MINAS GERAIS / EVALUATION OF ANTHELMINTIC RESISTANCE BY NEMATODES OF THE STRONGYLIDA ORDER TO TWO AGENTS USED IN HORSES IN SOUTHERN..

Objetivou-se testar a eficácia das duas bases de vermífugos comerciais mais utilizadas por criadores no combate aos helmintos. Foram avaliados animais de 33 haras no sul de Minas Gerais, de abril a junho de 2013. A primeira visita obedecia a um intervalo prévio de dois meses da última vermifugação. As fezes foram coletadas e submetidas a técnica de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) realizado segundo técnica de Gordon e Whitlock (1939) modificado para observar a presença de ovos de estrongilídeos. Os animais positivos foram divididos em dois grupos de, em média, dez animais cada e vermifugados com produtos a base de ivermectina e febendazole. Sete dias após, as fezes foram coletadas dos mesmos animais para verificação da eficácia. As fezes foram coletadas por palpação retal e o OPG realizado segundo técnica de Gordon e Whitlock (1939) modificado. Os dados foram tabulados no Epidata e analisados no PASW 20.0. Dos haras visitados, apenas dezoito ofereceram condições para realização da vermifugação, totalizando 294 animais testados. Nas demais propriedades as coletas serviram para realizar prevalência de nematodas da

Avaliação da resistência anti-helmíntica por nematóides da ordem strongylida à duas bases utilizadas em equinos no sul de minas gerais / evaluation of anthelmintic resistance by nematodes of the strongylida order to two agents used in horses in southern.

Objetivou-se testar a eficácia das duas bases de vermífugos comerciais mais utilizadas por criadores no combate aos helmintos. Foram avaliados animais de 33 haras no sul de Minas Gerais, de abril a junho de 2013. A primeira visita obedecia a um intervalo prévio de dois meses da última vermifugação. As fezes foram coletadas e submetidas a técnica de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) realizado segundo técnica de Gordon e Whitlock (1939) modificado para observar a presença de ovos de estrongilídeos. Os animais positivos foram divididos em dois grupos de, em média, dez animais cada e vermifugados com produtos a base de ivermectina e febendazole. Sete dias após, as fezes foram coletadas dos mesmos animais para verificação da eficácia. As fezes foram coletadas por palpação retal e o OPG realizado segundo técnica de Gordon e Whitlock (1939) modificado. Os dados foram tabulados no Epidata e analisados no PASW 20.0. Dos haras visitados, apenas dezoito ofereceram condições para realização da vermifugação, totalizando 294 animais testados. Nas demais propriedades as coletas serviram para realizar prevalência de nematodas da

Prevalência de helmitos em equinos da raça mangalarga marchador no sul de minas gerais / prevalence of helminths in mangalarga marchador horses in the south of minas gerais

A fauna parasitária dos equinos compreende uma grande variedade de helmintos. Estas parasitoses podem refletir desde um menor desempenho do rendimento fisiológico a doenças que cursam com o óbito do animal. As infecções recorrentes e o uso indiscriminado de vermífugos vêm selecionando populações resistentes que dificultam o controle parasitário e causam maiores prejuízos econômicos. O objetivo do trabalho consistiu em identificar os gêneros e espécies de helmintos presentes em equinos do sul de MG. Foram avaliados animais de 33 haras, de abril a junho de 2013, e as fezes destes animais foram coletadas para posteriores análises. No laboratório, foi realizado o OPG modificado e coprocultura, com posterior retirada das larvas pela técnica de Baermann para identificação de diferentes gêneros e espécies de acordo com a chave proposta por Bevilacqua et al. (1993) e Kornás et al. (2009). Observou-se que ciatostomíneos, com oito células intestinais (gêneros Cylicocyclus, Cylicostephanus e Cyathostomum), estiveram presentes em 100% das propriedades examinadas; seguidos pelas seguintes espécies e resp

Factores de predicción del compromiso ganglionar axilar no centinela en casos de ganglio centinela positivo / Predictive factors for axillar involvement of non-sentinel nodes in patients who underwent sentinel node positive biopsy

Introducción: el vaciamiento axilar continúa siendo el procedimiento estándar ante el ganglio centinela positivo. Numerosos factores de predicción del resto de axila positiva se han analizado. Sin embargo, se siguen buscando variables para identificar un subgrupo de pacientes con menor riesgo de presentar ganglios comprometidos en el resto de la axila, en las que podría evitarse el vaciamiento axilar. Objetivo: analizar los factores de predicción del compromiso axilar en aquellas pacientes con biopsia de ganglio centinela positivo seguidas de vaciamiento axilar, operadas por el Servicio de Patología Mamaria del Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires en el período comprendido entre octubre de 1999 y diciembre de 2010. Material y Método: se realizaron 1.311 biopsias de ganglio centinela entre los meses de octubre de 1999 y diciembre de 2010, en el Servicio de Patología Mamaria del Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires. De estas 1.311 biopsias de ganglio centinela resultaron positivas 274 (20,9%). Se analizan 244 casos en los cuales se completó el tratamiento con vaciamiento axilar. Resultados: cuando se halló un único ganglio centinela metastásico, el resto de la axila fue positiva en un 32,9% y cuando hubo dos o más ganglios centinela positivos lo fue un 54,4% de los casos. Al valorar el tamaño de la metástasis, en los casos con células tumorales aisladas no hubo axilas comprometidas; en las micrometástasis hubo 22,6% de axilas comprometidas y en las macrometástasis un 46,1%. Conclusiones: los factores independientes de compromiso de ganglio no centinela (GnC)son: invasión linfovascular, macrometástasis y la presencia de todos los ganglios centinela positivos. La probabilidad de encontrar GnC positivos en el subgrupo con factores más favorables es 13,8%.

Factores de predicción del compromiso ganglionar axilar no centinela en casos de ganglio centinela positivo / Predictive factors for axillar involvement of non-sentinel nodes in patients who underwent sentinel node positive biopsy

Introducción: el vaciamiento axilar continúa siendo el procedimiento estándar ante el ganglio centinela positivo. Numerosos factores de predicción del resto de axila positiva se han analizado. Sin embargo, se siguen buscando variables para identificar un subgrupo de pacientes con menor riesgo de presentar ganglios comprometidos en el resto de la axila, en las que podría evitarse el vaciamiento axilar. Objetivo: analizar los factores de predicción del compromiso axilar en aquellas pacientes con biopsia de ganglio centinela positivo seguidas de vaciamiento axilar, operadas por el Servicio de Patología Mamaria del Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires en el período comprendido entre octubre de 1999 y diciembre de 2010. Material y Método: se realizaron 1.311 biopsias de ganglio centinela entre los meses de octubre de 1999 y diciembre de 2010, en el Servicio de Patología Mamaria del Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires. De estas 1.311 biopsias de ganglio centinela resultaron positivas 274 (20,9%). Se analizan 244 casos en los cuales se completó el tratamiento con vaciamiento axilar. Resultados: cuando se halló un único ganglio centinela metastásico, el resto de la axila fue positiva en un 32,9% y cuando hubo dos o más ganglios centinela positivos lo fue un 54,4% de los casos. Al valorar el tamaño de la metástasis, en los casos con células tumorales aisladas no hubo axilas comprometidas; en las micrometástasis hubo 22,6% de axilas comprometidas y en las macrometástasis un 46,1%. Conclusiones: los factores independientes de compromiso de ganglio no centinela (GnC)son: invasión linfovascular, macrometástasis y la presencia de todos los ganglios centinela positivos. La probabilidad de encontrar GnC positivos en el subgrupo con factores más favorables es 13,8%.(AU)

The activity patterns and microhabitat use of Pseudis minuta Günther, 1858 (Anura, Hylidae) in the Lagoa do Peixe National Park, a biosphere reserve of the Brazilian subtropics.

Pseudis minuta is abundant in a variety of aquatic environments of the Pampa domain. Therefore, it can be considered a good model for testing hypotheses on environmental heterogeneity and the influence of climate on the activity of anurans. In this study, we examined the spatial distribution pattern of P. minuta in terms of microhabitats and the influence of abiotic factors on seasonal fluctuations in the abundance of this species. Samples were collected monthly from April 2008 to May 2009 in wetlands and coastal dunes in the Lagoa do Peixe National Park. A total of 112 specimens of P. minuta were collected, of which 45 were found in the wetland area and 67 in the dune area. The species showed seasonal fluctuation in abundance, and it was most abundant in months with higher temperatures (spring-summer). Pseudis minuta was mainly associated with aquatic vegetation, an expected pattern in terms of their morphological adaptations to this environment. Among the abiotic parameters analyzed, only the monthly mean temperature showed a significant correlation (p < 0.05; r = 0.67) with the abundance of P. minuta. We concluded that P. minuta is a generalist species with respect to microhabitat use and also that fluctuation in its population abundance is mainly associated with seasonal variation in temperature.

Gene expression during activation of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conidia.

This study focuses on gene expression during crucial biological phenomena of the dimorphic fungal human pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the conidia-to-yeast (C-Y) transition and the conidia-to-mycelia (C-M) germination. We studied 10 genes involved in different cellular functions: oxidative stress response (alternative oxidase (AOX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavodoxin, conserved hypothetical protein (Y20)); cell metabolism (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH), cholestenol Delta-isomerase (ChDI), glycine dehydrogenase (GDh)) and heat shock response (Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90)), and cell synthesis and wall structure (glucan synthase-1 (GS-1), α-1,3-glucan synthase (αGS), and mannosyltransferase (MT)). Gene expression was measured during the first 72 h and 96 h of C-Y and C-M, respectively, previously shown to be a fundamental time frame for the consolidation of these cellular processes. The gene expression of AOX, GAPDH, HSP90, MT, αGS, and GDh was significantly increased during the C-Y transition, while SOD, ChDI, GAPDH, MT, GDh, and GS-1 were increased during C-M germination. Additionally, some were highly expressed in each process: AOX, HSP90, and αGS during C-Y; SOD, ChDI, and GS-1 during C-M. Altogether, these data add new information regarding gene expression during the C-Y and C-M processes. Future research will be targeted to further characterize the true relevance of the studied genes during the morphological transition, either during adaptation to the environment or to the infected host.