ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to determine the requirements and interactions between the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Leu and Val levels in low-protein diets, and their effects on performance, serum characteristics, carcass yield and diameter of muscle fibers of broiler chickens from d 21 to 42 posthatch. A total of 1,500 21-day-old Cobb 500 male broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 5 × 5 factorial arrangement for a total of 25 treatments with 3 replicates of 20 birds each. Treatments consisted of 5 SID Leu levels (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, or 1.8%) and 5 SID Val levels (0.52, 0.67, 0.82, 0.97, or 1.12%). At 42 d of age, there was interaction (P < 0.05) between the SID levels of Leu and Val on feed intake and weight gain. There was a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) of Leu and Val levels on feed conversion, with minimal point estimated at the levels of 1.19 and 0.86%, respectively. Dietary Leu supplementation reduced linearly (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of triglycerides and ß-hydroxybutyrate. Dietary Leu increased (P ≤ 0.05) the fiber diameters of the pectoralis major muscle and breast yield at the levels of 1.24 and 1.13%, respectively, while the thigh yield was improved with the level of 0.71% Val. Abdominal fat decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of dietary Leu and Val. The SID Leu and Val levels needed to optimize weight gain and feed conversion in low-CP diets for broiler chickens from d 21 to 42 posthatch were estimated at 1.15 and 0.86%, and 1.19 and 0.86%, respectively. The supplementation of Leu and Val can reduce the abdominal fat deposition in birds fed low-CP diets during the grower phase. Leu and Val interactions can influence the performance but not the serum characteristics, carcass yield and diameter of muscle fibers of broilers fed low-protein diets. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the dietary Leu content to estimate the ideal level of Val in low-CP diets for optimum broiler performance.
Subject(s)
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Chickens/physiology , Diet, Protein-Restricted/veterinary , Dietary Supplements , Leucine/metabolism , Nutritional Requirements , Valine/metabolism , Animal Feed/analysis , Animals , Chickens/blood , Chickens/growth & development , Diet/veterinary , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Digestion/physiology , Ileum/physiology , Leucine/administration & dosage , Male , Random Allocation , Valine/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da utilização de minerais orgânicos e do licopeno em rações para poedeiras sobre o desempenho zootécnico e a qualidade dos ovos. Utilizaram-se 288 poedeiras, distribuídas em DIC em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (fontes de minerais x níveis de licopeno), com seis tratamentos, seis repetições e oito aves por unidade experimental. As rações experimentais foram: minerais inorgânicos (MI) sem a adição de licopeno; MI com a adição de licopeno (400mg/kg); MI com a adição de licopeno (800mg/kg); minerais orgânicos (MOR) sem a adição de licopeno; MOR com a adição de licopeno (400mg/kg); MOR com a adição de licopeno (800mg/kg). Foram avaliados: consumo de ração, porcentagem de postura, massa dos ovos, conversão alimentar (kg/kg e kg/dz), peso do ovo, porcentagens de casca, albúmen e gema, espessura da casca, gravidade específica, unidade Haugh, índice e coloração de gema, pH do albúmen e da gema. Os minerais orgânicos aumentam o consumo de ração quando associados a níveis de 0 e 800mg de licopeno. A associação de 400mg de licopeno com minerais inorgânicos aumenta o consumo de ração. A adição de minerais orgânicos ou de 400mg de licopeno às rações melhora a porcentagem de postura e massa dos ovos de poedeiras com 58 semanas de idade. A coloração de gema é mais acentuada para as fontes inorgânicas em relação às orgânicas e mais acentuada em rações com 800mg de licopeno. A unidade Haugh é maior em rações sem licopeno e com minerais inorgânicos e em rações com 400mg de licopeno e com minerais orgânicos. Rações com fonte orgânica associada a 800mg de licopeno proporcionam maior unidade Haugh em relação a fonte orgânica sem licopeno.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the use of organic minerals and lycopene in the diet of laying hens on performance and egg quality. 288 hens were used, distributed in DIC in a factorial 2 x 3 (mineral sources x lycopene levels) with six treatments and six replicates of eight birds per experimental unit. The experimental diets were: inorganic minerals (MI) without the addition of lycopene; MI with the addition of lycopene (400mg/kg); MI with the addition of lycopene (800mg/kg); minerals organic (MOR) without addition lycopene; MOR with the addition of lycopene (400mg/kg); MOR with the addition of lycopene (800mg/kg). The following parameters were evaluated: feed intake, egg production, egg mass, feed conversion (kg/kg and kg/dz), egg weight, percentage shell, albumen and yolk, shell thickness specific gravity, unit Haugh, index and yolk color, pH of albumen and yolk. The organic minerals increase the feed intake when combined at levels of 0 and 800mg of lycopene. The combination of 400mg of lycopene with inorganic minerals increases feed intake. The addition of organic or mineral 400mg lycopene in diets improves egg production and egg weight of hens at 58 weeks of age. The yolk color is more pronounced for inorganic sources in relation to organic and more pronounced in diets with 800mg of lycopene. The Haugh unit is higher in lycopene free diets and diets with inorganic mineral and 400mg of lycopene and organic minerals. Diets with organic source associated with 800mg of lycopene provide higher Haugh units for organic source without lycopene.
Subject(s)
Animals , Carotenoids/analysis , Chickens/metabolism , Dietary Minerals/analysis , Eggs/analysis , Animal Feed , Food QualityABSTRACT
Avaliou-se a inclusão de diferentes porcentagens de lisina digestível em dietas de baixa proteína para frangos de corte tipo caipira, machos e fêmeas, com idade entre um e 28 dias. Utilizaram-se 792 machos e 792 fêmeas de linhagem comercial, de um dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x6 (sexo x porcentagem de lisina digestível: 0,85; 0,90; 0,95; 1,00; 1,05 e 1,10%) com seis repetições de 22 aves. Não foi constatada interação (P>0,05) de sexo versus inclusão de lisina. Observou-se superioridade (P<0,05) dos machos em relação às fêmeas para todas as variáveis avaliadas. O ganho de peso dos frangos diminuiu linearmente (P<0,05) em função do aumento da porcentagem de lisina digestível na dieta e observou-se redução linear (P<0,01) nos consumos de ração e de proteína. O consumo de lisina digestível aumentou linearmente (P<0,01) em função do aumento de sua concentração na dieta. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) para conversão alimentar. Da composição centesimal da carcaça, apenas o percentual de matéria mineral foi influenciada (P<0,05) pela porcentagem de lisina digestível. Conclui-se que 0,85% de lisina para frangos tipo caipira de pescoço pelado atende à exigência nutricional de lisina digestível em dietas com baixa concentração proteica.
The inclusion of different percentages of digestible lysine in low-protein diets was evaluated for male and female free-range broiler chickens, from 1 to 28 days. We used 792 female and 792 male naked neck chickens a day in a completely randomized 2x6 factorial scheme (sex x percentages of digestible lysine: 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 1.00, 1.05 and1.10%) with six replicates of 22 broilers. No interaction of sex versus lysine was found. Superiority was observed (P<0.05) in males compared to females for all variables.Weight gainof chickens decreased linearly(P<0.05) with increasing levels of digestible lysine in the diet. There was a linear reduction (P<0.01) in feed intake, protein and metabolizable energy. On the other hand, the consumption of digestible lysine increased linearly (P<0.01) with the increase of its concentration in the diet. There was nodifference (P>0.05) in food conversion.In the chemical composition of the carcass, only thepercentage of mineral matter was influenced (P<0.05) bydigestible lysine levels.It was concluded that the level of 0.85% for type redneck broiler meets the nutritional requirement of digestible lysine in diets containing lower protein concentrations.
Subject(s)
Animals , Poultry/methods , Lysine/analysis , Proteins/analysis , Chickens/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) compromises two entities: Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn Disease (CD). The incidence and prevalence vary widely in relation to ethnicity and demographic localization. Historically it has been considered a rare disease in Mexico. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of new UC cases and their clinical characteristics in a referral hospital of North-Eastern Mexico. METHODS: An epidemiological, descriptive and retrospective study was made which included newly diagnosed patients with UC in a five years period. RESULTS: The adjusted rate of patients diagnosed with UC to the number of admissions for year was 2.3, 2.6, 3.0, 3.6 and 4.1/1000 admissions between 2004 and 2008. The rate of newly diagnosed patients with UC has doubled in the year 2008 compared with the year 2004 (p < 0.05). Fifty five percent of the patients showed mild disease, 30% showed moderate disease and 15% showed severe disease. Fifty percent of the patients had pancolitis, left sided colitis was present in 21% and 29% of the patients just had proctitis. Other clinical aspects of UC corresponded to those previously described. CONCLUSION: The frequency of new patients diagnosed with UC has significantly increased in this tertiary-care referral hospital for the last five years.
Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis , Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology , Adult , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
This work aimed at evaluating the effects of the supplementation of starter diet with Arg on breast muscle development in broilers and the activation of satellite cells and the aggregation of myofibrillar protein. Male Cobb chicks (n = 990) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatments in a complete random design. Measurements of 33 chicks per treatment were made in 6 repetitions. The treatments consisted of a basal diet with 1.390% digestible Arg (without supplementation) and 4 dietary levels of Arg (1.490, 1.590, 1.690, and 1.790%) with Arg:Lys ratios of 1.103, 1.183, 1.262, 1.341, and 1.421, respectively. Arginine supplementation was used only in the starter phase (1 to 21 d). Dietary supplementation with Arg had a positive effect (P < 0.05) on breast and breast fillet weight on d 7 and 21 and on myofiber diameter on d 14 and 21. However, no effect was observed (P > 0.05) on the protein:DNA ratio, which demonstrates that Arg does not interfere with the mitotic activity of the satellite cells. Independently from mechanism, Arg affected muscle growth in the starter phase positively. Dietary supplementation with Arg in the starter phase had no effect (P > 0.05) on the carcass yield of broilers on d 42. Diet supplementation with Arg at levels above the ones recommended for the starter phase may be necessary for improved muscle development in broilers.
Subject(s)
Arginine/pharmacology , Chickens/growth & development , Diet/veterinary , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development , Animal Feed , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Animals , Arginine/administration & dosage , DNA/metabolism , Dietary Supplements , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Male , Muscle Proteins/metabolism , Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/drug effectsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Psychological rehabilitation in patients with neurodegenerative disorders helps to improve their quality of life and provide the most suitable approach to their disease. There are no records of this type of treatment being used in type 11 spinocerebellar ataxia. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of group therapy within the framework of psychological rehabilitation and determine the most favored psychological function markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study is a quasi experimental study of 24 patients with type 2 spinocerebellar ataxia rehabilitated in the CIRAH (Cuba). The procedure involved psychological assessment before and after the strategy for intervention, which consisted of 15 sessions of group therapy. RESULTS: The pathological levels of anxiety were reduced in 50.1% of the cases, and 31.4% of the patients with depression improved. The self assessment markers of a taking step forward were happiness and worry level. The disorder affected all aspects of the life of the patients studied, particularly their interests, family, self esteem and work. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to improve the attitude of the patient to his disease and his psychological function by means of group therapy during the process of psychological rehabilitation of patients with type 2 spinocerebellar ataxia.
Subject(s)
Psychotherapy, Group , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/psychology , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/rehabilitation , Adult , Anxiety/therapy , Attitude , Cuba , Depression/therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
Trichomonas sp. was found in a patient with empyema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This is a uncommon finding. A wet mount of pleural fluid is recommended to be observed by light microscopy.
Subject(s)
Empyema, Pleural/diagnosis , Trichomonas Infections/diagnosis , Aged , Animals , Bronchial Fistula/diagnosis , Empyema, Pleural/microbiology , Empyema, Pleural/parasitology , Humans , Male , Pleural Diseases/diagnosis , Pulmonary Atelectasis/diagnosis , Trichomonas/isolation & purification , Trichomonas Infections/microbiology , Trichomonas Infections/parasitologyABSTRACT
Trichomonas sp. was found in a patient with empyema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This is a uncommon finding. A wet mount of pleural fluid is recommended to be observed by light microscopy
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Aged , Empyema, Pleural/diagnosis , Trichomonas Infections/diagnosis , Pulmonary Atelectasis , Pleural Diseases/diagnosis , Empyema, Pleural/microbiology , Empyema, Pleural/parasitology , Bronchial Fistula/diagnosis , Trichomonas/isolation & purification , Trichomonas Infections/microbiology , Trichomonas Infections/parasitologyABSTRACT
Noonan's syndrome (NS) is a syndrome with multiple congenital anomalies, characterized by craniofacial anomalies, congenital heart disease, skeletal and genital abnormalities, and mild mental retardation. Chromosomal abnormalities have been found in only a few cases. The combination of NS and acute leukemia has been reported in only three cases. Two additional cases are described here.
Subject(s)
Leukemia/complications , Noonan Syndrome/complications , Acute Disease , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Two applications of isolates ofPaecilomyces marquandii from suppressive chinampa soils or P. lilacinus from Peru, fungi that parasitize nematode eggs, generally gave better control of tomato root-knot due toMeloidogyne incognita than did a single application. The effects on root galling by each of thePaecilomyces isolates varied between experiments; however, the ovicidal potential of the three isolates did not differ significantly. Proteins specific for each of the isolates were demonstrated by SDS gel electrophoresis. The results indicate thatP. marquandii is one of the natural soil organisms that contribute to nematode suppression in the chinampa agricultural soils.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/complications , HIV-1/isolation & purification , Meconium Aspiration Syndrome/complications , Opportunistic Infections/complications , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/complications , HIV Infections/microbiology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Meconium Aspiration Syndrome/microbiologyABSTRACT
Soil from the chinampa agricultural system in the Valley of Mexico suppressed damage by plant-parasitic nematodes to tomatoes and beans in greenhouse and growth chamber trials. Sterilization of the chinampa soil resulted in a loss of the suppressive effect, thereby indicating that one or more biotic factors were responsible for the low incidence of nematode damage. Nine organisms were isolated from chinampa soil, which showed antinematodal properties in culture. Naturally occurring populations of plant-parasitic nematodes were of lower incidence in chinampa soil than in Chapingo soil.
ABSTRACT
30 subjects kept daily diaries of sleep-duration and stress levels for 4 mo. From these data, it was determined that during periods of high stress, sleep was reduced by about one standard deviation while during periods of low stress, sleep increased by about one-half a standard deviation. The relationship of these results to the relevant sleep-stress literature was briefly discussed.
Subject(s)
Sleep , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Anxiety/psychology , HumansABSTRACT
Differential staining of the X chromosome of Orthoptera, which normally cannot be distinguished from the autosomes during the more condensed stages of meiosis, has been achieved by a silver impregnation procedure involving a pretreatment with 2 x SSC at 60 degrees C. The results suggest that the saline citrate solution preferentially extracts proteins from the X chromosome. This method may be useful for distinguishing chromosome regions composed of facultative heterochromatin in Orthoptera.
