ABSTRACT
S-Adenosyl-L-methionine synthase (SAM; ATP: L-methionine adenosyltransferase, EC 2.5.1.6) catalyzes the biosynthesis of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet), a universal methyl-group donor. This enzyme is induced by salinity stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). To elucidate the role of SAM and AdoMet in the adaptation of plants to a saline environment, the expression pattern and histological distribution of SAM was investigated in control and salt-stressed tomato plants. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that SAM proteins were expressed in all cell types and plant organs, albeit with preferential accumulation in lignified tissues. Lignin deposition was estimated by histochemical tests and the extent of tissue lignification in response to salinity was quantified by image analysis. The average number of lignified cells in vascular bundles was significantly greater in plants under salt stress, with a maximal expansion of the lignified area found in the root vasculature. Accordingly, the greatest abundance of SAM gene transcripts and proteins occurred in roots. These results indicate that increased SAM activity correlated with a greater deposition of lignin in the vascular tissues of plants under salinity stress. A model is proposed in which an increased number of lignified tracheary elements in tomato roots under salt stress may enhance the cell-to-cell pathway for water transport, which would impart greater selectivity and reduced ion uptake, and compensate for diminished bulk flow of water and solutes along the apoplastic pathway.
Subject(s)
Methionine Adenosyltransferase/biosynthesis , Sodium Chloride/pharmacology , Solanum lycopersicum/enzymology , Environment , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Lignin/metabolism , Solanum lycopersicum/cytology , Solanum lycopersicum/drug effects , Solanum lycopersicum/growth & development , Methionine Adenosyltransferase/genetics , Plant Leaves/enzymology , Plant Roots/enzymology , Plant Shoots/enzymology , S-Adenosylmethionine/metabolism , Tissue Distribution , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
En este estudio se comparan los síntomas psicopatológicos, la calidad de vida y la autoestima de dos muestras de pacientes mentales crónicos, unos que residen en alojamientos protegidos y otros en espera de hacerlo. También se precisa el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes. Este tipo de alojamientos se presentan desde hace algunas décadas como la alternativa a los hospitales psiquiátricos tradicionales, que funcionaban en la práctica como recursos residenciales. Su utilidad ha sido considerada desde diferentes puntos de vista, a nivel clínico, asistencial, funcional y económico. A diferencia de los hallazgos de otros estudios, en el nuestro no se aprecia una mejor calidad de vida de los pacientes que viven en dichos alojamientos frente a los que no lo hacen. Tampoco están mejor psicopatológicamente ni tienen mayor autoestima. Se sugieren algunas modificaciones metodológicas en el diseño de futuros estudios que permitan controlar ciertas variables que pueden influir en los resultados (AU)
In this study the psychopathology symptoms, the quality of life and the self-esteem of two samples of patient mental chronic are compared, some housed in protected lodgings and others while waiting for making it. lt is also described the epidemic profile of the patients. This type of lodgings is presented for some decades like the alternative to the traditional psychiatric hospitals that worked in the practice as residential resources. Their utility has been considered from different points of view, at clinical, assistance, functional and economic level. Contrary to other discoveries, in our study a better quality of the patients' life is not appreciated that live in this lodgings in front of those that don't make it. Neither they are better psychopathologically neither they have bigger self-esteem. Methodological modifications are suggested in the design to control certain variables that can jnfluence in the results (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Community Mental Health Centers/organization & administration , Mental Health Assistance , Self Concept , Sheltering , Sickness Impact Profile , Quality of Life/psychologyABSTRACT
Se estudia la satisfacción de los pacientes mentales alojados en pisos protegidos y casas-hogares de la ciudad de Sevilla (España) con su estancia en los mismos; y las mejoras percibidas en su vida en diversas áreas desde que viven en dichos recursos. Así mismo, se estudia la satisfacción de los monitores que atienden a los pacientes de los alojamientos protegidos con la atención recibida respecto a su trabajo por los servicios sanitarios de salud mental y diversos recursos sociales. Se valoran distintas dimensiones de esta atención. Se usan encuestas elaboradas para el propósito específico de este estudio. En general, los pacientes están satisfechos con su estancia en los alojamientos protegidos y perciben que su vida ha mejorado desde que están viviendo en los mismos. Los monitores están más satisfechos con la atención recibida por la Unidad de Rehabilitación de Salud Mental del Área Hospitalaria "Virgen del Rocío" y la Asociación de Allegados de Enfermos Esquizofrénicos (ASAENES) (AU)
The satisfaccion of the mental patients is studied housed in protected flats and group homes of the city of Seville (Spain) with its stay in the same ones; and the improvement perceived in their life in diverse areas since the live in theses resources. Likewise, the satisfaction of the monitors is studied that asssist the mental patients of the lodgings protected with the attention received regarding its work by the sanitary services of health mental and diverse social resources. Different dimensions of this attention are valued. Surveys are used elaborated for the specific purpose of this study. In general, tha patients are satisfied with their stay in the protected lodgings and they perceive that their life has improved since they are living in the same ones. The monitors are more satisfied with the attention received by the Unidad de Rehabilitación de Salud Mental del Área Hospitalaria "Virgen del Rocío" and the Asociación de Allegados de Enfermos Esquizofrénicos (ASAENES) (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Community Mental Health Centers/organization & administration , Mental Health Assistance , Sheltering , Sickness Impact Profile , Quality of Life/psychology , Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data , Caregivers/psychology , Health Care Surveys/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
En el presente estudio se aplicó un cuestionario a 74 personas con esquizofrenia. Con el objetivo de conocer su percepción y satisfacción sobre los siguientes aspectos: eficacia del tratamiento, recursos humanos e infraestructura del servicio, calidad de la relación y apoyo recibido. En las conclusiones se reflexiona sobre la utilidad de este tipo de estudios y se destaca la importancia de la opinión de los usuarios de nuestros servicios como elemento de evaluación de la calidad de los mismos y como elemento complementario en la valoración de la efectividad de los tratamientos administrados (AU)
This study consists of the administration of a questionnaire to 74 schizophrenic patients. The purpose of this work was to determine their perception and satisfaction with the following aspects: treatment efficacy, human and material resources of the unit, quality of personal relationship and support provided. In our conclusions we reflect upon the utility of this type of studies. We highlight the importance of the opinion of people who use these services for the assessment of the quality of mental health services and as a complementary element in the evaluation of the effectiveness of the prescribed treatments (AU)
