La rehabilitación con implantes en el paciente edéntulo maxilar mediante cirugía guiada y carga inmediata / Implant rehabilitation of maxillary edentulous patient by guided surgery and immediate loading

INTRODUCCIÓN: La cirugía guiada y la carga inmediata de los implantes constituye un nuevo enfoque integral de la rehabilitación de los pacientes edéntulos. El objetivo del presente trabajo era presentar el protocolo diagnóstico, quirúrgico y protésico del tratamiento con implantes mediante la técnica de cirugía guiada y carga inmediata en el tratamiento del maxilar edéntulo. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente varón de 70 años que acude a consulta para tratamiento con implantes del maxilar edéntulo. La tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC) muestra que el paciente presenta un adecuado volumen óseo para la inserción de implantes. La información obtenida por la TCHC es utilizada para la evaluación y el plan de tratamiento. Se planificaron diez implantes. Los datos digitales de imagen tomográfica fueron enviados a un centro especializado (Galimplant 3.D(R)) para la realización de la férula quirúrgica y la prótesis provisional. De acuerdo a la férula guiada se insertaron los implantes sin colgajo con un fresado preciso. La prótesis fija inmediata provisional fue realizada y ajustada sobre los pilares, evaluando su oclusión. La prótesis fija definitiva se realizó después de un periodo de 6 meses. CONCLUSIONES: Este caso clínico indica que la implantología oral guiada puede constituir una terapéutica exitosa en el tratamiento del paciente edéntulo maxilar

INTRODUCTION: Guided surgery and immediate functional loading of dental implants constitute a new comprehensive approach for rehabilitation of edentulous patients. The aim of this paper was to present the diagnosis, surgical and prosthetic protocol of implants by guided technique and immediate loading in the treatment of edentulous maxilla. CASE REPORT: A 70-year-old-man, requested an evaluation regarding implant treatment for the edentulous maxilla. The cone beam computarized tomography (CBCT) showed that the patient have an adequate bone volume for maxillary implant placement. The data from CBCT were used for evaluation and treatment planning. Ten implants were treatment planned. Digital data were sent to a software manufacturer (Galimplant.3D(R)) and surgical template and fixed provisional prosthesis according clinical examination were received. According surgical template implants were inserted for a flapless surgical technique with an accuraced drilling. Immediate transitional fixed prosthesis were realized and adjusted with the abutment and finally, occlusion is evaluated. Definitive fixed prosthesis was realized after a 6 month-period of time. CONCLUSIONS: This paper indicated that guided implant dentistry may constitute a successful treatment of edentulous maxillary patients

Release of Romanomermis iyengari (Nematoda:Mermithidae) to control Aedes taeniorhynchus (Diptera:Culicidae) in Punta del Este, Isla de la Juventud, Cuba.

Preparasites of Romanomermis iyengari Welch were applied at the rate of 1,000 preparasites per square meter of surface area in 5 natural breeding sites in carbonate rock depressions to control Aedes taeniorhynchus Wiedeman larvae. Larval parasitism averaged 100, 97, 81, and 80% in 1-4 instars, respectively. Three of 5 sites produced parasitism in excess of 90%. The range of salinity and water depth had little influence on the levels of parasitism. Ae. taeniorhynchus density was reduced from 78 to 96% at the 5 sites 8 d posttreatment.

[Aquatic insects that are bioregulators of mosquito larvae present in Pantanos de Villa, Lima, Peru]. / Insectos acuáticos biorreguladores de larvas de mosquito presentes en los "Pantanos de Villa", Lima, Perú.

The main aquatic insects bioregulators of mosquito larvae living in different reservoirs at the "Pantanos de Villa", Lima, Perú, were collected and determined. Mosquito larvae and pupae of the Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes scapularis Rondani species were found in water reservoirs where aquatic insects are not observed. In those where there were these effective bioregulators of mosquito larvae such as Ischnura ramburii (Selys), Ceratura capreola (Hagen), Erithrodoplax cleopatra Ris, Aeschna elsia Calvert, Tropisternus dorsalis Brullé, Thermonectes circunscripta Latr, Belostoma asiaticum (Mayr), and Buenoa absidata Truxal, no mosquito larvae were found. The species of the aquatic insects collected in the reservoirs as well as the physical and chemical variables of the water are shown.

[Capacity of the eggs of the larva-eating Rivulus cylindraceus fish, Poey 1860, for resisting desiccation. Possible use as a bioregulator of mosquito larvae in temporary reservoirs]. / Capacidad de los huevos del pez larvívoro Rivulus cylindraceus, Poey 1860, de resistir la desecación. Posible utilización como biorregulador de larvas de mosquitos en reservorios temporarios.

The capacity of the eggs of the Rivulus cylindraceus larvivorous fish to resist partial desiccation for a certain period of time is described. It was demonstrated that while the normal development of the eggs last for approximately 14 days, the maximum time of permanence out of the water was of 70 days. Some characteristics of the R. cylindraceus, which place it among the annual fishes to be used as biological control agents, are described. The use of R. cylindraceus as bioregulator in permanent as well as temporary reservoirs is proposed.

[The evaluation of the infectious capacity of the parasitic nematode Romanomermis iyengari (Welch, 1964) (Nematoda: Mermithidae) in natural mosquito larval breeding areas]. / Valoración de la capacidad infectiva del nematodo parásito Romanomermis iyengari (Welch, 1964) (Nematoda: Mermithidae) en criaderos naturales de larvas de mosquitos.

Field tests were carried out with the nematode parasite Romanomermis iyengari (Welch, 1964) to fight 3 species of mosquito larvae Anopheles albimanus (Wiedeman, 1821); Culex nigripalpus (Theobald, 1901); and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823) in three ecologically different natural mosquito reservoirs. The release of the nematode embryos (infective stage) in the above-mentioned reservoirs was carried out with a Holder-planta 5 manual sprayer, at 2 atm, and an application dose of 1000 parasite embryos/m2. The parasite embryos were obtained from 6 nematode cultures, soaked in distilled water. Results showed that mosquito larvae were parasitized by R. iyengari as follows: 100% of the A. albimanus and 85% of the C. nigripalpus, in the first reservoir; 85% of the C. nigripalpus, in the second reservoir; and 80% of the C. nigripalpus and 75% of the C. quinquefasciatus in the third one. Thus, the potential use of the nematode parasite Romanomermis iyengari as a biological control agent of mosquito larvae was shown.

[Infective capacity of the parasitic nematoda Romanomermis iyengari (Welch, 1964) (Nematoda: Mermithidae) in mosquito larvae in natural conditions]. / Capacidad infestiva del nematodo parásito Romanomermis iyengari (Welch, 1964) (Nematoda: Mermithidae) en larvas de mosquitos en condiciones naturales.

The effectiveness of the parasitic nematoda Romanomermis ivengari (Welch, 1964) was proved in 3 breeding sites of Anopheles albimanus (Wiedman, 1821) and Culex Nigripalpus (Theobald, 1901) and 2 spillways for 2 oxidation ponds with Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823) larvae, in the Isle of Youth. The results of the experiments showed the infesting capacity of this nematoda species with 80-100% parasitism in A. albimanus and C. nigripalpus larvae, and 75-80% mortality for C. quinquefasciatus. Besides, the recycling capacity of R. invengari, after its introduction, was proved, confirming its possible use in the control of mosquito larvae of medical-epidemiological importance in the Cuban tropical conditions.

[Embryonic development of Rivulus cylindraceus. (Cyprinodontiformes: Cyprinodontidae): biocontrol agent for mosquitoes]. / Desarrollo embrionario de Rivulus cylindraceus. (Cyprinodontiformes: Cyprinodontidae): agente biorregulador de culícidos.

A description is made of the ecomorphological development of Rivulus cylindraceus in laboratory conditions. The habitat of this larvivorous fish is the brackish waters in channels near the coast. As a peculiar characteristic, gastrulation takes place after the vitelline cover is completely closed. Approximately 120 hours later, a sharp decrease in heart rate takes place as a possible adaptation to the environmental conditions.

[A first report on Cubanichthys cubensis (Eigenmann, 1903) (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae), a bioregulator of culicids for the central region of the island of Cuba]. / Primer reporte de Cubanichthys cubensis (Eigenmann, 1903) (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae), agente biorregulador de culícidos para la región central de la Isla de Cuba.

For the first time, for the central region of Cuba, a report is made of the larvivorous fish Cubanichthys cubensis, an endemic species important as bioregulators of mosquito larvae due to its remarkable ecological adaptation, which allows its development in different aquatoria (fresh, brackish and sea vater). Up to now the species had only been reported in the West of the country. On this occasion, this species was found in a pound of brackish water and abundant vegetation, known as La Redonda, located in the Morón municipality, Ciego de Avila. This species lives together with other larvivorous fish such as Gambusia puncticulata, G. punctata, Girardinus metallicus and Limia vittata. All of them are excellent bioregulators of larva populations for mosquitos which have a medical and epidemiological importance for Cuba.

[Biochemical genetic markers in the study of the larvivorous fish Cubanichthys cubensis (Eigenmann, 1903) (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) used as a bioregulator agent of culicids in Cuba]. / Marcadores genéticos bioquímicos en el estudio del pez larvívoro Cubanichthys cubensis (Eigenmann, 1903) (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) utilizado como agente biorregulador de culícidos en Cuba.

By means of starch gel electrophoresis, samples were analyzed from 3 populations (Batabanó, Guanímar and Isle of Youth) of Cubanichthys cubensis adult fishes, bioregulators of mosquito larvae. A study was made of six protein systems which are considered to be under the genetic regulation of 13 loci, 3 of which are polymorphic. The electrophoretic characteristics of each of them are described. By means of the genotypical frequencies of the polymorphic systems (PGI-1, PGI-2, and PGM), the 3 populations were compared with the use of the statistical G. No significant differences were found.

[A fecundity study of the larvivorous fish Rivulus cylindraceus Poey, 1860 (Cyrinodontiformes: Cyrinodontidae), a bioregulator agent of culicids under, laboratory conditions]. / Estudio de la fecundidad del pez larvívoro Rivulus cylindraceus Poey, 1860 (Cyprinodontiformes: Cyprinodontidae), agente biorregulador de culícidos, en condiciones de laboratorio.

For a successful use of larvivorous fishes as bioregulators of mosquito larvae, deep biological knowledge of such fishes is required. This paper intends to be a contribution to the study of the reproduction of the Rivulus cylindraceus, living in brackish waters of canals close to the coasts. Laboratory research showed that females kept reproducing through all the year, especially in December, February and March. As an average, oviposition was 3 (1-21) eggs; fertility increased with the size of the female. The longest uninterrupted oviposition was 12 days.

[The introduction of the larvivorous fish Poecilia reticulata (Peters, 1895) (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae), a bioregulator of culicids in oxidation ponds and contaminated drainage ditches on the Isla de la Juventud]. / Introducción del pez larvívoro Poecilia reticulata (Peters, 1895) (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae), agente biorregulador de culícidos en lagunas de oxidación y zanjas contaminadas en la Isla de la Juventud.

The larvivorous fish Poecilla reticulata, internationally known as mosquito larva bioregulators, was introduced in 2 oxidation ponds and 2 ditches containing polluted waters (sewage) without the presence of other fish species, in Isle of Youth, Cuba, in order to control the larva populations of the Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito Say, 1823 in these its main breeding sites. After 2.5 months, such reservoirs were free of mosquito larvae. The fish settled within one year, reaching enough density to be used in other aquatoria.

[Reproduction of the larvivorous fish Poecilia reticulata (Poeciliidae) in natural conditions]. / Aspectos de la reproduccion del pez larvivoro Poecilia reticulata (Poeciliidae) en condiciones naturales.

The main reproduction characteristics of the larvivorous fish Poecilia reticulata, were determined under natural conditions. The study was carried out in a ditch of dirty water sink at the Lenin Park (Havana City) in the period comprised between November 1986 and May 1987. The samplings were performed monthly, and the presence of gravid females was demonstrated during the whole period, while the average of embryo/female increased remarkably during April. Such results contribute to the knowledge of the biology of this fish for its better use in the biologic control of mosquito larvae.

[Feeding of the young of the larvivorous fish Poecilia reticulata (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) in a natural breeding site of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823)]. / Alimentación de los alevines del pez larvívoro Poecilia reticulata (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) en un criadero natural de Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823).

The objective of this study is to determine the feeding patterns of the young of the larvivorous fish Poecilia reticulata in a natural breeding site of Culex quinquefasciatus. The experimental material were the young of this species, caught in two back water sites of Quibu river with different larval density. Dissection of the young, fixed in 4% formal, was carried out for the analysis of stomach contents. The results show that at an early age the young of Poecilia reticulata are already effective bioregulators of the larvae of these mosquitoes of medical and veterinary importance.