ABSTRACT
The oral cavity presents a diverse microbiota in a dynamic balance with the host. Disruption of the microbial community can promote dysregulation of local immune response which could generate oral diseases. Additionally, alterations in host immune system can result in inflammatory disorders. Different microorganisms have been associated with establishment and progression of the oral diseases. Oral cavity pathogens/diseases can modulate components of the inflammatory response. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) own immunoregulatory functions and have been involved in different inflammatory conditions such as infectious processes, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of generation, phenotypes, and biological functions of the MDSCs in oral inflammatory diseases. Also, it is addressed the biological aspects of MDSCs in presence of major oral pathogens. MDSCs have been mainly analyzed in periodontal disease and Sjögren's syndrome and could be involved in the outcome of these diseases. Studies including the participation of MDSCs in other important oral diseases are very scarce. Major oral bacterial and fungal pathogens can modulate expansion, subpopulations, recruitment, metabolism, immunosuppressive activity and osteoclastogenic potential of MDSCs. Moreover, MDSC plasticity is exhibited in presence of oral inflammatory diseases/oral pathogens and appears to be relevant in the disease progression and potentially useful in the searching of possible treatments. Further analyses of MDSCs in oral cavity context could allow to understand the contribution of these cells in the fine-tuned balance between host immune system and microorganism of the oral biofilm, as well as their involvement in the development of oral diseases when this balance is altered.
Subject(s)
Autoimmune Diseases , Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells , Neoplasms , Sjogren's Syndrome , Humans , Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism , Sjogren's Syndrome/metabolismABSTRACT
La resorción ósea alveolar suele dar lugar a que las inserciones de la mucosa interfieran para la construcción, estabilidad y retención de una prótesis removible, una opción que permite modificar este tejido se obtiene por medio de una vestibuloplastia. Actualmente se puede favorecer la cicatrización de heridas utilizando láser de alta potencia aplicado a procedimientos quirúrgicos orales. Se realiza reporte de caso en paciente femenino a la que se realizó procedimiento de vestibuloplastia con láser de Er,Cr:YSGG, utilizando de forma postoperatoria gel de quitosano en nanotransportador biomolécula EPX. Se observa una cicatrización rápida y favorable al combinar ambas terapéuticas, además al utilizar productos con quitosano se disminuye el riesgo de la necrosis de fibroblastos gingivales humanos como recientemente se reportó en el uso de colutorios de clorhexidina (AU)
Alveolar bone resorption often results in mucosal insertions interfering with the construction, stability and retention of a removable prosthesis, an option to modify this tissue is obtained by means of vestibuloplasty. Currently, wound healing can be promoted by using high power laser applied to oral surgical procedures. A case report of a female patient who underwent a vestibuloplasty procedure with laser Er,Cr:YSGG, using chitosan gel with EPX biomolecule nanocarriers postoperatively. A fast and favorable healing is observed when combining both therapeutics, besides, when using products with chitosan, the risk of necrosis of human gingival fibroblasts is reduced, as recently reported in the use of chlorhexidine mouthwashes (AU)
