ABSTRACT
La enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (EPI) es una entidad que incluye patologías raras de baja prevalencia, que involucran factores genéticos y ambientales, caracterizados por la remodelación del intersticio y los espacios aéreos pulmonares. La hiperplasia de células neuroendocrinas es una enfermedad rara del pulmón descrita por primera vez en 2005, caracterizada por retracciones de costillas, taquipnea e hipoxemia. El diagnóstico es clínico junto con la imagen de la tomografía computarizada de alta resolución (TACAR), siendo excepcional la necesidad de biopsia pulmonar. El tratamiento es sintomático, con pronóstico incierto, mejorando los síntomas con el tiempo, aunque en ciertas ocasiones pueden persistir durante años
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an entity that includes rare pathologies of low prevalence, involving genetic and environmental factors, characterized by the remodeling of the interstitium and lung air spaces. Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia is a rare disease of the lung described for the first time in 2005, characterized by rib retractions, tachypnea and hypoxemia. The diagnosis is clinical along with the image of the high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT), the need for lung biopsy being exceptional. The treatment is symptomatic, with uncertain prognosis, improving the symptoms over time, although in certain occasions they may persist for years
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Hyperplasia/diagnostic imaging , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnostic imaging , Hyperplasia/therapy , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/therapy , Hyperplasia/genetics , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/genetics , Neuroendocrine Cells , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Radiography, Thoracic , Rare Diseases/diagnosis , Rare Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability of serum procalcitonin (PCT) as an early diagnostic test (within the first 12 hours of life) of neonatal sepsis in newborns with maternal or neonatal risk factors for infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a prospective study of 123 newborns consecutively admitted to neonatal unit over a 2-year period with at least one risk factor for infection. We constructed a 2x2 table between the validated test (serum PCT by semi-quantitative assay, with several cut-off points: 0.5, 2 and 10 ng/ml) and the reference assay (blood culture or clinical, laboratory and microbiological confirmation of sepsis). The validity (sensitivity, specificity), safety [positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV)] and likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-) of the test were calculated. RESULTS: Serum PCT was measured within the first 12 hours of life in 95% of the patients (mean and median=6 hours). The best cut-off point for serum PCT was 2 ng/ml, and, taking subsequent clinical-laboratory-microbiological confirmation of sepsis as the best reference assay, showed a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 65-100), specificity of 82% (95% CI 74-88), PPV of 25% (95% CI 13-44), NPV of 100% (95% CI 96-100), LR+ of 5.5 (95% CI 3.7-8.1), and LR- of 0. CONCLUSIONS: Serum PCT levels<2 ng/ml within the first 6-12 hours of life in newborns with risk factors for infection are useful as a screening assay to rule out neonatal sepsis with a sensitivity of 100% (false negatives=0% and NPV=100%). However, for subsequent confirmation a more specific assay (with a low false positive rate and high PPV) should be used, such as C-reactive protein. The higher cost of the serum PCT test should be weighed against shorter admissions as a result of its use.
Subject(s)
Calcitonin/blood , Protein Precursors/blood , Sepsis/blood , Sepsis/diagnosis , Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objetivo Analizar la utilidad de la procalcitonina (Pct) como prueba diagnóstica precoz (en las primeras 12 h de vida) de sepsis neonatal en recién nacidos con factores de riesgo de infección. Material y métodos Estudio prospectivo sobre un total de 123 recién nacidos ingresados en la unidad neonatal de forma consecutiva durante 2 años por presentar algún factor de riesgo de infección. Tabla de contigencia entre la prueba validada (Pct sérica por técnica semicuantitativa, con varios puntos de corte: 0,5, 2 y 10 ng/ml) y de referencia (hemocultivo o confirmación clínico-analítico-microbiológica), y cálculo de la validez (sensibilidad, especificidad), seguridad (valor predictivo positivo [VPP] y negativo [VPN]) y cocientes de probabilidad (CP1 y CP). Resultados La Pct se realizó en las primeras 12 h de vida en el 95 % de los casos (media y mediana = 6 h). El mejor punto de corte de Pct es 2 ng/ml, y tomando como mejor prueba de referencia la confirmación de sepsis (por datos clínico-analítico-microbiológicos) se obtiene una sensibilidad del 100 % (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 %: 65-100), una especificidad del 82 % (IC 95 %: 74-88), VPP = 25 % (IC 95 %: 13-44), VPN = 100 % (IC 95 %: 96-100), CP1 = 5,5 (IC 95 %: 3,7-8,1) y CP = 0. Conclusiones Un valor de Pct < 2 ng/ml en las primeras 6-12 h de vida en recién nacidos con factores de riesgo de infección es un adecuado parámetro bioquímico con carácter de prueba de cribado para descartar la sepsis neonatal, con una sensibilidad del 100 % (con falsos negativos = 0 % y VPN = 100 %). Sin embargo, para la ulterior confirmación se busca una prueba en serie con mucha especificidad (con falsos positivos bajos y, por tanto, un VPP alto), como la proteína C reactiva. El mayor precio de la Pct debe valorarse en relación con las ventajas de un menor tiempo de hospitalización
Objective To investigate the reliability of serum procalcitonin (PCT) as an early diagnostic test (within the first 12 hours of life) of neonatal sepsis in newborns with maternal or neonatal risk factors for infection. Material and methods We performed a prospective study of 123 newborns consecutively admitted to neonatal unit over a 2-year period with at least one risk factor for infection. We constructed a 2 × 2 table between the validated test (serum PCT by semi-quantitative assay, with several cut-off points: 0.5, 2 and 10 ng/ml) and the reference assay (blood culture or clinical, laboratory and microbiological confirmation of sepsis). The validity (sensitivity, specificity), safety [positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV)] and likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR) of the test were calculated. Results Serum PCT was measured within the first 12 hours of life in 95 % of the patients (mean and median = 6 hours). The best cut-off point for serum PCT was 2 ng/ml, and, taking subsequent clinical-laboratory-microbiological confirmation of sepsis as the best reference assay, showed a sensitivity of 100 % (95 % CI 65-100), specificity of 82 % (95 % CI 74-88), PPV of 25 % (95 % CI 13-44), NPV of 100 % (95 % CI 96-100), LR+ of 5.5 (95 % CI 3.7-8.1), and LR of 0. Conclusions Serum PCT levels < 2 ng/ml within the first 6-12 hours of life in newborns with risk factors for infection are useful as a screening assay to rule out neonatal sepsis with a sensitivity of 100 % (false negatives = 0 % and NPV = 100 %). However, for subsequent confirmation a more specific assay (with a low false positive rate and high PPV) should be used, such as C-reactive protein. The higher cost of the serum PCT test should be weighed against shorter admissions as a result of its use
