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1.
Emergencias ; 34(2): 119-127, 2022 04.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35275462

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Although many demographic and clinical predictors of mortality have been studied in relation to COVID-19, little has been reported about the prognostic utility of inflammatory biomarkers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. All patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 treated in a hospital emergency department were included consecutively if baseline measurements of the following biomarkers were on record: lymphocyte counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio NRL, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels. We analyzed associations between the biomarkers and all-cause 30-day mortality using Cox regression models and dose-response curves. RESULTS: We included 896 patients, 151 (17%) of whom died within 30 days. The median (interquartile range) age was 63 (51-78) years, and 494 (55%) were men. NLR, CRP and PCT levels at ED presentation were higher, while lymphocyte counts were lower, in patients who died compared to those who survived (P .001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves revealed the PCT concentration (0.79; 95% CI, 0.75-0.83) to be a better predictor of 30-day mortality than the lymphocyte count (0.70; 95% CI, 0.65-0.74; P .001), the NLR (0.74; 95% CI, 0.69-0.78; P = .03), or the CRP level (0.72; 95% CI, 0.68-0.76; P .001). The proposed PCT concentration decision points for use in emergency department case management were 0.06 ng/L (negative) and 0.72 ng/L (positive). These cutoffs helped classify risk in 357 patients (40%). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the PCT concentration had the strongest association with mortality. CONCLUSION: PCT concentration in the emergency department predicts all-cause 30-day mortality in patients with COVID-19 better than other inflammatory biomarkers.


OBJETIVO: Existen múltiples variables demográficas y clínicas predictivas de mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19. Sin embargo, hay menos información sobre el valor pronóstico de los biomarcadores inflamatorios. METODO: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. Se incluyeron de forma consecutiva todos los pacientes con COVID-19, confirmado por laboratorio, atendidos en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario (SUH) y con valor basal de los siguientes biomarcadores: recuento linfocitario, índice neutrófilo/linfocito (INL), proteína C reactiva (PCR) y procalcitonina (PCT). La relación entre los biomarcadores y la mortalidad total a 30 días se analizó mediante una regresión de Cox y gráficos de dosis-respuesta. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 896 pacientes, 151 (17%) fallecieron en los primeros 30 días. La mediana de edad fue de 63 años (51-78) y 494 (55%) eran hombres. El valor de INL, PCR y PCT fue mayor, mientras que el recuento linfocitario fue menor, en los pacientes que fallecieron respecto a los que sobrevivieron (p 0,001). La PCT fue superior al recuento linfocitario, INL y PCR en la predicción de mortalidad a 30 días (ABC 0,79 [IC 95%: 0,75-0,83] vs 0,70 [IC 95%: 0,65-0,74], p 0,001; 0,74 [IC 95%: 0,69-0,78], p = 0,03; y 0,72 [IC 95%: 0,68-0,76], p 0,001). Los puntos de decisión de PCT propuestos, 0,06 ng/l para exclusión y 0,72 ng/l para inclusión de muerte a 30 días, podrían facilitar la toma de decisiones en urgencias. Hubo 357 pacientes (40%) con valores de PCT en estas categorías. El análisis multivariable mostró una mayor asociación con la mortalidad para PCT que en los otros biomarcadores estudiados. CONCLUSIONES: PCT es el biomarcador con mejor capacidad para predecir mortalidad a 30 días por cualquier causa en pacientes con COVID-19 valorados en un SUH.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Procalcitonin , Aged , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , COVID-19/diagnosis , Calcitonin , Emergency Service, Hospital , Humans , Lymphocyte Count , Male , Middle Aged , Neutrophils/chemistry , Retrospective Studies
2.
Emergencias (Sant Vicenç dels Horts) ; 32(4): 242-252, ago. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-190941

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: EL objetivo principal fue describir el perfil clínico y la mortalidad a los 30 días de diferentes categorías diagnósticas en los casos de COVID-19 atendidos en un servicio de urgencias (SU). MÉTODO: Análisis secundario del registro COVID-19_URG-HCSC. Se seleccionaron los casos sospechosos de COVID-19 atendidos en un SU de Madrid desde el 28 de febrero hasta el 31 de marzo de 2020. La muestra se dividió: 1) sospecha con PCR no realizada (S/PCR NR); 2) sospecha con PCR negativa (S/PCR-); 3) sospecha con PCR positiva (S/PCR+); 4) alta sospecha con PCR negativa o no realizada (AS/PCR- o NR); y 5) alta sospecha con PCR positiva (AS/PCR+). Se recogieron variables clínicas, radiológicas y microbiológicas del episodio de urgencias. La variable de resultado principal fue la mortalidad por cualquier causa a los 30 días. Las variables secundarias fueron el ingreso y la gravedad del episodio. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 1.993 pacientes; 17,2% S/PCR NR, 11,4% S/PCR-, 22,1% S/PCR+, 11,7% AS/PCR- o NR y 37,6% AS/PCR+. Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto a las variables demográficas, comorbilidad, clínicas, radiográficas, analíticas y terapéuticas y de resultados a corto plazo en función las categorías diagnósticas. La mortalidad global a los 30 días fue de un 11,5%, 56,5% casos fueron hospitalizados y 19,6% casos sufrieron un episodio grave. Las categorías de AS y de S/PCR+ tuvieron un incremento del riesgo ajustado de mortalidad a los 30 días y de sufrir un episodio grave durante el ingreso hospitalario respecto a S/PCR-. En relación al ingreso, solo las categorías de AS tuvieron un incremento del riesgo ajustado de hospitalización respecto a la categoría de S/PCR-. CONCLUSIONES: Existen diferentes categorías diagnósticas de la enfermedad COVID-19 en función del perfil clínico y microbiológico que tienen correlato con el pronóstico a 30 días


OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to describe the clinical characteristics and 30-day mortality rates in emergency department patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in different diagnostic groupings. METHODS: Secondary analysis of the COVID-19 registry compiled by the emergency department of Hospital Clínico San Carlos in Madrid, Spain. We selected suspected COVID-19 cases treated in the emergency department between February 28 and March 31, 2020. The cases were grouped as follows: 1) suspected, no polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test (S/no-PCR); 2) suspected, negative PCR (S/PCR-); 3) suspected, positive PCR (S/PCR+); 4) highly suspected, no PCR, or negative PCR (HS/no or PCR-); and 5) highly suspected, positive PCR (HS/PCR+). We collected clinical, radiologic, and microbiologic data related to the emergency visit. The main outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were hospitalization and clinical severity of the episode. RESULTS: A total of 1993 cases (90.9%) were included as follows: S/no-PCR, 17.2%; S/PCR-, 11.4%; S/PCR+, 22.1%; HS/no PCR or PCR-, 11.7%; and HS/PCR+, 37.6%. Short-term outcomes differed significantly in the different groups according to demographic characteristics; comorbidity and clinical, radiographic, analytical, and therapeutic variables. Thirty-day mortality was 11.5% (56.5% in hospitalized cases and 19.6% in cases classified as severe). The 2 HS categories and the S/PCR+ category had a greater adjusted risk for 30-day mortality and for having a clinically severe episode during hospitalization in comparison with S/PCR- cases. Only the 2 HS categories showed greater risk for hospitalization than the S/PCR- cases


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/mortality , Emergency Medical Services/statistics & numerical data , Clinical Record , Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Polymerase Chain Reaction
3.
Eur Geriatr Med ; 11(5): 829-841, 2020 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32671732

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the differences by age-dependent categories in the clinical profile, presentation, management, and short-term outcomes of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to a Spanish Emergency Department (ED). METHODS: Secondary analysis of COVID-19_URG-HCSC registry. We included all consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the ED of the University Hospital Clinico San Carlos (Madrid, Spain). The population was divided into six age groups. Demographic, baseline and acute clinical data, and in-hospital and 30-day outcomes were collected. RESULTS: 1379 confirmed COVID-19 cases (mean age 62 (SD 18) years old; 53.5% male) were included (18.1% < 45 years; 17.8% 45-54 years; 17.9% 55-64 years; 17.2% 65-74 years; 17.0% 75-84 years; and 11.9% ≥ 85 years). A statistically significant association was found between demographic, comorbidity, clinical, radiographic, analytical, and therapeutic variables and short-term results according to age-dependent categories. There were less COVID-specific symptoms and more atypical symptoms among older people. Age was a prognostic factor for hospital admission (aOR = 1.04; 95% CI 1.02-1.05) and in-hospital (aOR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.05-1.10) and 30-day mortality (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.04-1.09), and was associated with not being admitted to intensive care (aOR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.93-0.98). CONCLUSIONS: Older age is associated with less COVID-specific symptoms and more atypical symptoms, and poor short-term outcomes. Age has independent prognostic value and may help in shared decision-making in patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection.


Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Emergency Service, Hospital , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/mortality , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Spain
4.
Emergencias ; 32(4): 242-252, 2020.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32692001

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to describe the clinical characteristics and 30-day mortality rates in emergency department patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in different diagnostic groupings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Secondary analysis of the COVID-19 registry compiled by the emergency department of Hospital Clínico San Carlos in Madrid, Spain. We selected suspected COVID-19 cases treated in the emergency department between February 28 and March 31, 2020. The cases were grouped as follows: 1) suspected, no polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test (S/no-PCR); 2) suspected, negative PCR (S/PCR-); 3) suspected, positive PCR (S/PCR+); 4) highly suspected, no PCR, or negative PCR (HS/no or PCR-); and 5) highly suspected, positive PCR (HS/PCR+). We collected clinical, radiologic, and microbiologic data related to the emergency visit. The main outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were hospitalization and clinical severity of the episode. RESULTS: A total of 1993 cases (90.9%) were included as follows: S/no-PCR, 17.2%; S/PCR-, 11.4%; S/PCR+, 22.1%; HS/no PCR or PCR-, 11.7%; and HS/PCR+, 37.6%. Short-term outcomes differed significantly in the different groups according to demographic characteristics; comorbidity and clinical, radiographic, analytical, and therapeutic variables. Thirty-day mortality was 11.5% (56.5% in hospitalized cases and 19.6% in cases classified as severe). The 2 HS categories and the S/PCR+ category had a greater adjusted risk for 30-day mortality and for having a clinically severe episode during hospitalization in comparison with S/PCR- cases. Only the 2 HS categories showed greater risk for hospitalization than the S/PCR- cases. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 diagnostic groups differ according to clinical and laboratory characteristics, and the differences are associated with the 30-day prognosis.


OBJETIVO: El objetivo principal fue describir el perfil clínico y la mortalidad a los 30 días de diferentes categorías diagnósticas en los casos de COVID-19 atendidos en un servicio de urgencias (SU). METODO: Análisis secundario del registro COVID-19_URG-HCSC. Se seleccionaron los casos sospechosos de COVID-19 atendidos en un SU de Madrid desde el 28 de febrero hasta el 31 de marzo de 2020. La muestra se dividió: 1) sospecha con PCR no realizada (S/PCR NR); 2) sospecha con PCR negativa (S/PCR­); 3) sospecha con PCR positiva (S/ PCR+); 4) alta sospecha con PCR negativa o no realizada (AS/PCR­ o NR); y 5) alta sospecha con PCR positiva (AS/ PCR+). Se recogieron variables clínicas, radiológicas y microbiológicas del episodio de urgencias. La variable de resultado principal fue la mortalidad por cualquier causa a los 30 días. Las variables secundarias fueron el ingreso y la gravedad del episodio. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 1.993 pacientes; 17,2% S/PCR NR, 11,4% S/PCR­, 22,1% S/PCR+, 11,7% AS/PCR­ o NR y 37,6% AS/PCR+. Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto a las variables demográficas, comorbilidad, clínicas, radiográficas, analíticas y terapéuticas y de resultados a corto plazo en función las categorías diagnósticas. La mortalidad global a los 30 días fue de un 11,5%, 56,5% casos fueron hospitalizados y 19,6% casos sufrieron un episodio grave. Las categorías de AS y de S/PCR+ tuvieron un incremento del riesgo ajustado de mortalidad a los 30 días y de sufrir un episodio grave durante el ingreso hospitalario respecto a S/PCR­. En relación al ingreso, solo las categorías de AS tuvieron un incremento del riesgo ajustado de hospitalización respecto a la categoría de S/PCR­. CONCLUSIONES: Existen diferentes categorías diagnósticas de la enfermedad COVID-19 en función del perfil clínico y microbiológico que tienen correlato con el pronóstico a 30 días.


Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/mortality , Adult , COVID-19 , Cause of Death , Comorbidity , Confidence Intervals , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Diagnosis-Related Groups , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Polymerase Chain Reaction/statistics & numerical data , Registries/statistics & numerical data , SARS-CoV-2 , Spain/epidemiology , Symptom Assessment , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
5.
Emergencias (Sant Vicenç dels Horts) ; 31(6): 413-416, dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-185140

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Estudiar la frecuencia de fragilidad física y si su presencia se asocia con la presencia de resultados adversos en el primer año en los pacientes mayores con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) dados de alta desde urgencias. Método. Estudio observacional de cohortes prospectivo que incluyó a los pacientes de 75 o más años con ICA dados de alta desde un servicio de urgencias. Se definió la fragilidad física como la presencia de 7 puntos en el Short Physical Performance Battery. La variable de resultado fue la aparición de un evento compuesto (revisita o reingreso por insuficiencia cardiaca y mortalidad por cualquier causa) en los primeros 365 días tras el alta de urgencias. Resultados. Se incluyeron 86 pacientes [edad media: 84 (DE 6 años); 59,3% mujeres]. La presencia de fragilidad se documentó en 49 (57%) pacientes. La frecuencia de la variable de resultado compuesta a los 365 días tras el alta de urgencias fue de un 46,5%. La fragilidad física fue un factor pronóstico independiente de presentar la variable resultado (OR ajustada = 3,6; IC 95% 1,0-12,9; p = 0,047). Conclusiones. La presencia de fragilidad física en los pacientes mayores con ICA dados de alta desde urgencias podría ser un factor pronóstico de malos resultados durante el primer año


Objective. To study the frequency of physical frailty and explore whether its presence in older patients with acute heart failure (AHF) is associated with adverse outcomes in the year after discharge from a emergency department (ED). Methods. Prospective observational cohort study in patients with AHF aged 75 years or older who were discharged from our ED. Physical frailty was defined by a score of 7 or less on the Short Physical Performance Battery. The outcome was the development of a composite event (ED revisit for AHF, hospital readmission for AHF, or all-cause mortality) within 365 days of discharge from the ED. Results. Eighty-six patients with a mean (SD) age of 84 (6) years were included; 59.3% were women. Frailty was identified in 49 patients (57%). The composite outcome was observed in 46.5% within 365 days. Physical fragility was an independent predictor of the outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.0-12.9; P=.047). Conclusions. Frailty in older patients with AHF may predict a poor outcome during the year following discharge from an emergency department


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Frail Elderly , Prognosis , Patient Discharge , Emergency Medical Services , Cohort Studies , Prospective Studies
6.
Emergencias ; 31(6): 413-416, 2019.
Article in Spanish, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31777214

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To study the frequency of physical frailty and explore whether its presence in older patients with acute heart failure (AHF) is associated with adverse outcomes in the year after discharge from a emergency department (ED). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective observational cohort study in patients with AHF aged 75 years or older who were discharged from our ED. Physical frailty was defined by a score of 7 or less on the Short Physical Performance Battery. The outcome was the development of a composite event (ED revisit for AHF, hospital readmission for AHF, or all-cause mortality) within 365 days of discharge from the ED. RESULTS: Eighty-six patients with a mean (SD) age of 84 (6) years were included; 59.3% were women. Frailty was identified in 49 patients (57%). The composite outcome was observed in 46.5% within 365 days. Physical fragility was an independent predictor of the outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.0-12.9; P=.047). CONCLUSION: Frailty in older patients with AHF may predict a poor outcome during the year following discharge from an emergency department.


OBJETIVO: Estudiar la frecuencia de fragilidad física y si su presencia se asocia con la presencia de resultados adversos en el primer año en los pacientes mayores con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) dados de alta desde urgencias. METODO: Estudio observacional de cohortes prospectivo que incluyó a los pacientes de 75 o más años con ICA dados de alta desde un servicio de urgencias. Se definió la fragilidad física como la presencia de 7 puntos en el Short Physical Performance Battery. La variable de resultado fue la aparición de un evento compuesto (revisita o reingreso por insuficiencia cardiaca y mortalidad por cualquier causa) en los primeros 365 días tras el alta de urgencias. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 86 pacientes [edad media: 84 (DE 6 años); 59,3% mujeres]. La presencia de fragilidad se documentó en 49 (57%) pacientes. La frecuencia de la variable de resultado compuesta a los 365 días tras el alta de urgencias fue de un 46,5%. La fragilidad física fue un factor pronóstico independiente de presentar la variable resultado (OR ajustada = 3,6; IC 95% 1,0-12,9; p = 0,047). CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de fragilidad física en los pacientes mayores con ICA dados de alta desde urgencias podría ser un factor pronóstico de malos resultados durante el primer año.


Subject(s)
Frailty/complications , Heart Failure/complications , Patient Discharge , Patient Readmission , Acute Disease , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Analysis of Variance , Cause of Death , Confidence Intervals , Emergency Service, Hospital , Female , Frailty/diagnosis , Heart Failure/mortality , Humans , Male , Odds Ratio , Physical Functional Performance , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Time Factors
11.
Enferm Intensiva ; 15(4): 153-8, 2004.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15498398

ABSTRACT

AIM: Usually hemodynamic measures are done with the patient in dorsal decubitus and the bedside at 0 degrees. Our aim has been to evaluate the influence that postural changes has in the hemodynamic measures which were carried out with a pulmonary artery catheter, so as called Swan-Ganz. MATERIAL AND METHOD: It's a prospective study. The same patient is control group and study group. There were done tree consecutive measures in each patient. Firstly in dorsal decubitus, then right lateral decubitus and finally in left lateral decubitus. Before doing the measures after change of posture a thirty minutes period was left in order to stabilise the hemodynamical flow. The items of study were, a part of demographic ones, cardiac index, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, pulmonary artery diastolic pressure, pulmonary artery mean pressure, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, right atrial pressure, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate. 28 patients were included in the study. RESULTS: The age average was 62.5 years (27.05-67.05); a 78.6% were male. Who had a NEMS average of 42.4 (39.9-44.9). No difference was found between hemodynamic measures in the different postures. CONCLUSIONS: Postural changes in stable patients have no influence in pressures and other hemodynamic variables measures.


Subject(s)
Catheterization, Swan-Ganz , Hemodynamics , Monitoring, Physiologic , Posture , Adult , Aged , Analysis of Variance , Blood Pressure/physiology , Confidence Intervals , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Female , Heart Rate/physiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Shock, Cardiogenic/diagnosis , Shock, Cardiogenic/physiopathology , Shock, Septic/diagnosis , Shock, Septic/physiopathology
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