ABSTRACT
Mass catering services have increased in the last years since people need to eat out mainly by work or study reasons. Microbiological quality of foodstuffs (n = 156) was evaluated in 20 food establishment (cafes and canteens) of two universities of northern Portugal. Overall, data revealed a high level of microbiological quality of foods served. No safety risks for consumers were detected since Clostridium spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were not detected. Among food types, hot meals displayed better microbiological results than cold foods (p < 0.05) as expected. Regarding hot meals, no differences were observed among different types (p > 0.05). Among cold meals, salads displayed the highest microbiological counts for hygiene indicators as well for food foodborne pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. Although the risk of foodborne disease is scarce since counts were low. In cafes' meals, higher counts were observed than in canteens' meals which indicates that monitoring measures should be improved to avoid potential foodborne outbreaks related to the ready-to-eat products (salads, sandwiches and pastry). Results could be used as microbiological guidelines for canteens. Results indicated that proper food handling and adequate conservation of fresh foods along the food chain is essential in mass catering services to guarantee the food safety.
ABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Hypertension/etiology , Kidney Diseases/complications , Hydronephrosis/complications , Nephrolithiasis/complications , Renal Artery Obstruction/complications , Urinary Tract Infections/etiologySubject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Lobular/secondary , Colonic Neoplasms/secondary , Adult , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Female , HumansABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Breast Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Lobular/secondary , Colonic Neoplasms/secondary , Breast Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
The pharmacokinetics of netilmicin was studied in 11 patients with terminal renal impairment (Clcr less than 5 ml/min) during the course of a 4-h hemodialysis session, using four different kinds of dialyzer: Biospal 2400, Biospal 3000, Allegro HF, and Andante HF. All patients received a single dose of 2 mg netilmicin/kg body wt at the beginning of the dialysis session. The type of dialyzer influences the serum half-life, the dialysis clearance and the percentage of drug extracted during dialysis. A linear relationship was established between the drug fraction extracted by dialysis and the dialysis clearance of the antibiotic. During the hemodialysis sessions, the serum half-life of netilmicin decreased approximately 10-fold compared with the interdialysis periods.
Subject(s)
Kidneys, Artificial , Netilmicin/pharmacokinetics , Renal Dialysis , Adult , Aged , Female , Half-Life , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The pharmacokinetics of netilmicin was studied in 26 patients with varying degrees of renal impairment (11 were dialysis patients) in order to determine the influence of kidney function status on the disposition of the antibiotic. The serum level curves of netilmicin follows a two-compartment open kinetic model. Several relationships between pharmacokinetic parameters and renal function indicators are defined. A clinical useful correlation indicates that the half-life is approximately 3 times the serum creatinine concentration, and may be used for adjusting the netilmicin dosage in the treatment of patients with impaired renal function. During hemodialysis the serum half-life decreases approximately 10-fold compared with the interdialysis periods. The percentage of dose extracted by hemodialysis during a single 4 h session is 56.1 +/- 6.65%. The dialysis clearance is 87.28 +/- 28.8 ml/min.
Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism , Netilmicin/pharmacokinetics , Renal Dialysis , Adult , Aged , Female , Fluorescence Polarization , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Half-Life , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood , Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Netilmicin/bloodSubject(s)
Enflurane/pharmacology , Liver/drug effects , Methyl Ethers/pharmacology , Adult , Aged , Anesthesia, General , Drug Evaluation , Female , Humans , Liver/cytology , Male , Middle Aged , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/bloodABSTRACT
The experimental relation between adrenergic nervous system and ulcus has been studied. Administration of adrenaline to rats did not induce any ulcers, or showed any noteworthy modification in the studied pH, acidity and peptic activity of gastric content parameters. The number of ulcers induced by the Shay method, acidity and peptic activity decreased after beta receptor blockage. Ko-592 did not induce any significant change on these parameters when the animals were subjected to stress conditions by restraint. Beta receptors discretely participate in ulcer pathology.
