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1.
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol ; 29(2): 209-13, 1991.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2051508

ABSTRACT

An acute massive epidemic of arsenic poisoning in Argentina involved 718 subjects. Urine samples were obtained from 307. The 49 with urine arsenic 76-500 micrograms/dl and 12 with urine arsenic greater than 500 micrograms/dL received dimercaprol treatment. Symptomatology increased with the urine arsenic with increased diarrhea, vomiting and systemic symptoms at urine arsenic greater than 75 micrograms/dL.


Subject(s)
Arsenic Poisoning , Arsenites , Disease Outbreaks , Food Contamination , Sodium Compounds , Adolescent , Adult , Argentina , Arsenic/urine , Crime , Dimercaprol/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Male , Meat , Poisoning/therapy , Poisoning/urine
4.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 49(1): 43-7, 1989.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2698437

ABSTRACT

Eight male tuberculous patients, between 20 and 60 years of age, were given Isoniazid 5 mg/kg and Ketoconazole 200 mg, first one at a time and then associated. Plasma concentrations were measured 0, 2 and 5 hs after taking the drugs. Isoniazid was measured by spectrophotometry and Ketoconazole by the microbiologic method with Candida albicans as test microorganism. When both drugs were given simultaneously Ketoconazole plasma concentration decreased 75% at 2 hs (p less than 0.025) and 85% at 5 hs (p less than 0.05), whereas that of Isoniazid remained unchanged (Table 1). Mean half-life of Isoniazid was 3.9 +/- 1.4 hs in 7 slow acetylators and 1.1 hs in one fast acetylator when given one at a time and 4.4 +/- 1.5 hs when given simultaneously. A similar study was conducted on 11 tuberculous patients who were given Rifampicin 10 mg/kg and Ketoconazole 200 mg, one at a time and concurrently. Rifampicin was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. When Rifampicin and Ketoconazole were given concurrently plasma concentration of both drugs was reduced: Ketoconazole decreased 85% at 2 hs (p less than 0.025) and 98% at 5 hs (p less than 0.025) whereas Rifampicin decreased 45% at 2 hs (p less than 0.005) and 40% at 5 hs (p less than 0.005) (Table 2). Mean half-life of Rifampicin was 3.5 +/- 0.8 and 4.2 +/- 1.1 hs, respectively, when it was given alone and concurrently. Studies on chemical interactions between Isoniazid and Ketoconazole and between Rifampicin and Ketoconazole yielded negative results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Subject(s)
Isoniazid/blood , Ketoconazole/blood , Rifampin/blood , Tuberculosis/metabolism , Adult , Clinical Trials as Topic , Drug Interactions , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Isoniazid/administration & dosage , Ketoconazole/administration & dosage , Male , Middle Aged , Rifampin/administration & dosage , Tuberculosis/drug therapy
5.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 49(1): 43-7, 1989. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-80515

ABSTRACT

A 8 enfermos tuberculosos, varones, entre 20 y 60 años de edad, se les dio Isoniacida, 5 mg/Kg, y Ketoconazol, 200 mg, primero uno por vez y luego, asociados y se midió la concentración plasmática de las drogas a las horas 0,2 y de la toma. Isoniacida se midió por espectrofotometría y de Ketoconazol, por método microbiológico con Candida albicans como cepa testigo. Cuando se dieron ambas drogas asociadas se comprobó un marcado descensio de la concentración de Ketoconazol pero no hubo modificaciónes en la concentración de isoniacida. Un estudio análogo se efectuócon 11 pacientes tuberculosos a quienes se les dio Rifampicina, 10 mg/Kg, y Ketoconazol mg. Las concentraciones de ambas drogas se midieron a las mismsas horas. La rifampicina se midió por cromatografía líquida de alta presión. Al recibir las drogas asociadas se comprobó un marcado descenso en las concentraciones plasmáticas tanto para la Rifampicina como para el ketoconazol. La investigación de una probable interacción quimica entre Isoniacida y Ketoconazol por un lado y entre Rifampicina y Ketoconazol, por otro lado, dio resultados negativos. Se concluye que existe una marcada interacción farmacocinética del Ketoconazol con Isoniacida y Rifampicina, hecho que debe ser tenido en cuenta si se deben administrar tratamiento antimicótico y antiinfecciosos simultáneos


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Isoniazid/blood , Ketoconazole/blood , Rifampin/blood , Tuberculosis/metabolism , Clinical Trials as Topic , Drug Interactions , Drug Therapy, Combination , Isoniazid/administration & dosage , Ketoconazole/administration & dosage , Rifampin/administration & dosage , Tuberculosis/drug therapy
6.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 49(1): 43-7, 1989. Tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-28217

ABSTRACT

A 8 enfermos tuberculosos, varones, entre 20 y 60 años de edad, se les dio Isoniacida, 5 mg/Kg, y Ketoconazol, 200 mg, primero uno por vez y luego, asociados y se midió la concentración plasmática de las drogas a las horas 0,2 y de la toma. Isoniacida se midió por espectrofotometría y de Ketoconazol, por método microbiológico con Candida albicans como cepa testigo. Cuando se dieron ambas drogas asociadas se comprobó un marcado descensio de la concentración de Ketoconazol pero no hubo modificaciónes en la concentración de isoniacida. Un estudio análogo se efectuócon 11 pacientes tuberculosos a quienes se les dio Rifampicina, 10 mg/Kg, y Ketoconazol mg. Las concentraciones de ambas drogas se midieron a las mismsas horas. La rifampicina se midió por cromatografía líquida de alta presión. Al recibir las drogas asociadas se comprobó un marcado descenso en las concentraciones plasmáticas tanto para la Rifampicina como para el ketoconazol. La investigación de una probable interacción quimica entre Isoniacida y Ketoconazol por un lado y entre Rifampicina y Ketoconazol, por otro lado, dio resultados negativos. Se concluye que existe una marcada interacción farmacocinética del Ketoconazol con Isoniacida y Rifampicina, hecho que debe ser tenido en cuenta si se deben administrar tratamiento antimicótico y antiinfecciosos simultáneos (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Ketoconazole/blood , Isoniazid/blood , Rifampin/blood , Tuberculosis/metabolism , Drug Interactions , Clinical Trials as Topic , Ketoconazole/administration & dosage , Isoniazid/administration & dosage , Rifampin/administration & dosage , Drug Therapy, Combination , Tuberculosis/drug therapy
7.
Medicina [B Aires] ; 49(1): 43-7, 1989.
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-51973

ABSTRACT

Eight male tuberculous patients, between 20 and 60 years of age, were given Isoniazid 5 mg/kg and Ketoconazole 200 mg, first one at a time and then associated. Plasma concentrations were measured 0, 2 and 5 hs after taking the drugs. Isoniazid was measured by spectrophotometry and Ketoconazole by the microbiologic method with Candida albicans as test microorganism. When both drugs were given simultaneously Ketoconazole plasma concentration decreased 75


at 2 hs (p less than 0.025) and 85


at 5 hs (p less than 0.05), whereas that of Isoniazid remained unchanged (Table 1). Mean half-life of Isoniazid was 3.9 +/- 1.4 hs in 7 slow acetylators and 1.1 hs in one fast acetylator when given one at a time and 4.4 +/- 1.5 hs when given simultaneously. A similar study was conducted on 11 tuberculous patients who were given Rifampicin 10 mg/kg and Ketoconazole 200 mg, one at a time and concurrently. Rifampicin was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. When Rifampicin and Ketoconazole were given concurrently plasma concentration of both drugs was reduced: Ketoconazole decreased 85


at 2 hs (p less than 0.025) and 98


at 5 hs (p less than 0.025) whereas Rifampicin decreased 45


at 2 hs (p less than 0.005) and 40


at 5 hs (p less than 0.005) (Table 2). Mean half-life of Rifampicin was 3.5 +/- 0.8 and 4.2 +/- 1.1 hs, respectively, when it was given alone and concurrently. Studies on chemical interactions between Isoniazid and Ketoconazole and between Rifampicin and Ketoconazole yielded negative results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

9.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 21(3): 345-9, sept. 1987. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-63950

ABSTRACT

Se determinó el nivel plasmático de plaguicidas organoclorados en personas no expuestas ocupacionalmente a los mismos, para averiguar el grado de impregnación que posee la población general. Se utilizó como metodología analítica la cromatografia en fase gaseosa, empleando no menos de tres columnas para la identificación de cada plaguicida. Se comprobó la presencia de alfa, ß y gama HCH; p,p'-DDT y p-p'-DDE; heptacloro y heptacloro expóxido en las muestras analizadas, correspondiendo al ß HCH el mayor valor medio y, en el 54% de las muestras analizadas que contenían HCH, mayores niveles individuales que las encontradas para los otros dos isómeros. El menor valor medio obtenido correspondió al epóxido del heptacloro


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Environmental Exposure , Insecticides, Organochlorine/blood , Pesticide Residues , Pesticide Utilization/trends , Chromatography, Gas , DDT/blood
10.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 21(3): 345-9, sept. 1987. Tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-29742

ABSTRACT

Se determinó el nivel plasmático de plaguicidas organoclorados en personas no expuestas ocupacionalmente a los mismos, para averiguar el grado de impregnación que posee la población general. Se utilizó como metodología analítica la cromatografia en fase gaseosa, empleando no menos de tres columnas para la identificación de cada plaguicida. Se comprobó la presencia de alfa, ß y gama HCH; p,p-DDT y p-p-DDE; heptacloro y heptacloro expóxido en las muestras analizadas, correspondiendo al ß HCH el mayor valor medio y, en el 54% de las muestras analizadas que contenían HCH, mayores niveles individuales que las encontradas para los otros dos isómeros. El menor valor medio obtenido correspondió al epóxido del heptacloro (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Insecticides, Organochlorine/blood , Pesticide Residues , Pesticide Utilization/trends , Environmental Exposure , Chromatography, Gas/methods , DDT/blood
11.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-46095

ABSTRACT

Enfermos tuberculosos que tenían entre 60 y 90 años de edad, sin enfermedades asociadas, ni alteraciones hepáticas y renales, recibieron dosis únicas de 300 y 200 mg de Isoniacida y se midieron en ellos las concentraciones plasmáticas a los 0, 90, 180 y 300 minutos de la toma de la droga. Un grupo control, que tenía entre 25 y 50 años de edad, recibió 300 mg de Isoniacida y se midió en ellos la concentración plasmática a los mismos tiempos. En los pacientes de edad avanzada, tanto en los acetiladores lentos como en los rápidos, la dosis de 300 mg produjo picos de concentración similares a los que se observaron con la misma dosis en los pacientes más jóvenes; cuando recibieron 200 mg de Isoniacida los picos de concentración fueron más bajos pero con valores eficaces desde el punto de vista terapéutico. Estos hallazgos sugierem que todos los tuberculosos de edad avanzada deben ser tratados con 200 mg de Isoniacida, pues esta dosis, además de ser eficaz, producirá menos reacciones adversas


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Isoniazid/therapeutic use , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Isoniazid/blood
12.
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-31222

ABSTRACT

Enfermos tuberculosos que tenían entre 60 y 90 años de edad, sin enfermedades asociadas, ni alteraciones hepáticas y renales, recibieron dosis únicas de 300 y 200 mg de Isoniacida y se midieron en ellos las concentraciones plasmáticas a los 0, 90, 180 y 300 minutos de la toma de la droga. Un grupo control, que tenía entre 25 y 50 años de edad, recibió 300 mg de Isoniacida y se midió en ellos la concentración plasmática a los mismos tiempos. En los pacientes de edad avanzada, tanto en los acetiladores lentos como en los rápidos, la dosis de 300 mg produjo picos de concentración similares a los que se observaron con la misma dosis en los pacientes más jóvenes; cuando recibieron 200 mg de Isoniacida los picos de concentración fueron más bajos pero con valores eficaces desde el punto de vista terapéutico. Estos hallazgos sugierem que todos los tuberculosos de edad avanzada deben ser tratados con 200 mg de Isoniacida, pues esta dosis, además de ser eficaz, producirá menos reacciones adversas (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Humans , Male , Comparative Study , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Isoniazid/therapeutic use , Isoniazid/blood
13.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol ; 84(1): 192-5, 1986 Jun 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3715864

ABSTRACT

In different brain regions of the rat we studied the effect of chronic feeding with the organochlorine insecticides p,p'-DDT and gamma-HCH on the cholinergic muscarinic receptors. Using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzylate binding to membranes from cerebral cortex, medulla pons, diencephalon, and cerebellum it was found that the two insecticides produced a decrease in the number of muscarinic receptor sites in cerebellum; while gamma-HCH also reduced these receptors in diencephalon. In both cases no changes in receptor affinity were observed. It is suggested that the chronic treatment with these organochlorine insecticides may cause an alteration in cholinergic transmission leading to a down regulation of the muscarinic receptor in certain brain regions.


Subject(s)
Brain Chemistry/drug effects , Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects , Animals , Female , Insecticides/metabolism , Quinuclidinyl Benzilate/metabolism , Rats , Receptors, Muscarinic/analysis , Tritium
15.
Bull Narc ; 36(1): 3-13, 1984.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6564901

ABSTRACT

The narcotics laboratory at the national level identifies drugs for abuse and their accompanying substances in suspected samples, determines the purity and the possible origin of illicit drugs, carries out drug-related research, particularly on new sources of drugs liable to abuse, and, when required by the police or courts of law, provides supportive expertise in drug trafficking cases. Precaution must be taken to ensure that samples to be examined are representative. The university is a particularly appropriate setting for the location of a narcotics laboratory, especially if such a laboratory carries out complex work requiring assistance from other professional disciplines. Before new laboratory equipment is purchased, a careful study of requirements and financial resources should be made to ensure economical and optimum utilization of such equipment. In some situations the use of simple techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography, can be sufficient, while in others more sophisticated techniques may be required. Appropriate training of personnel is of particular importance for the effective functioning of a narcotics laboratory. The laboratory of the Department of Toxicology and Forensic Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, provides for the training of personnel at three levels: The first level consists of basic training, which includes the use of kits for rapid identification of drugs in field conditions, for personnel from the police, gendarmerie, prefecture, customs and other agencies which deal with drug problems, but which have no previous skills in laboratory techniques; The second level is provided for professional laboratory personnel and usually lasts six months; The third level consists of two years' postgraduate university training for students who are expected to carry out complex laboratory work; an additional year is provided for trainees who are expected to assume responsibility in a laboratory unit.


Subject(s)
Developing Countries , Illicit Drugs/analysis , Laboratories , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control , Cannabis/analysis , Chromatography, Gas , Claviceps/analysis , Cocaine/analysis , Datura stramonium/analysis , Humans , Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/analysis , Plants, Medicinal , Plants, Toxic , Psilocybin/analysis , Psychotropic Drugs , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Spectrophotometry, Infrared
16.
Subst Alcohol Actions Misuse ; 4(4): 263-72, 1983.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6670051

ABSTRACT

Two groups of rats were fed for 4 months either a lipotrope deficient (E-D) or a lipotrope supplemented (E-S) diet, both containing about 30% of total calories as ethanol (E). Two control groups consumed similar lipotrope deficient (S-D) and lipotrope supplemented (S-S) diets, but with sucrose (S) replacing ethanol. The rate of ethanol disappearance, microsomal protein content and total microsomal H2O2 generation were about 50% higher in the E-D group than in the other groups. Morphological studies revealed moderate to severe fatty changes only in the livers of the lipotrope deficient groups (E-D; S-D), while mitochondrial enlargement was observed only in the alcohol fed groups (E-S; E-D), particularly in the E-S group. State 3 respiratory rates with succinate and with malate-glutamate as substrates were about 50% reduced in the liver mitochondria of the animals of the E-S group, as compared with the other groups. From these results it is inferred that the lipotrope supplemented diet effectively prevented the alcoholic fatty liver but counteracted the alcohol-associated increases of ethanol oxidation rate, microsomal protein content and total microsomal H2O2 generation. On the other hand, the lipotrope supplemented diet was a necessary factor for the impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory function observed after chronic ethanol feeding.


Subject(s)
Caseins/pharmacology , Diet , Ethanol/pharmacology , Liver/drug effects , Animals , Endoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects , Ethanol/metabolism , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Male , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects , Oxygen Consumption , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains
17.
Buenos Aires; Cooperativa General Belgrano; 1982. 144 p.
Monography in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-135441
18.
Biol Trace Elem Res ; 3(2): 133-43, 1981 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24271642

ABSTRACT

From observations in the Republic of Argentina it is concluded that the regular intake of drinking water containing more than 0.1 ppm of arsenic leads to clearly recognizable signs of intoxication and ultimately in some cases to skin cancer.

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