ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography (US) is the method of choice for evaluating thyroid nodules. In 2017, the American College of Radiology (ACR) created a classification system based on US characteristics. For the system to be adopted, it must be reproducible. OBJECTIVES: To determine the intraobserver and interobserver variability of the ACR TI-RADS. METHODS: Cross-sectional study; three radiologists with different levels of experience used the ACR TI-RADS to classify 100 nodules on two occasions one month apart, and we calculated the intraobserver and interobserver variability. RESULTS: Regarding intraobserver variability, the first radiologist had nearly perfect concordance for composition, echogenicity, shape, and margins and substantial concordance for echogenic foci; the second radiologist had nearly perfect concordance for composition, echogenicity, shape, and margins and substantial concordance for echogenic foci, and the third radiologist had nearly perfect concordance for composition, echogenicity, and shape and substantial concordance for margins and echogenic foci. The interobserver concordance was calculated for the two readings; the concordance was substantial except for shape in the first reading and for echogenicity and margins in the second reading, which had moderate concordance. CONCLUSIONS: The ACR TI-RADS classification system is reproducible.
Subject(s)
Thyroid Nodule , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Observer Variation , Retrospective Studies , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography (US) is the method of choice for evaluating thyroid nodules. In 2017, the American College of Radiology (ACR) created a classification system based on US characteristics. For the system to be adopted, it must be reproducible. OBJECTIVES: To determine the intraobserver and interobserver variability of the ACR TI-RADS. METHODS: Cross-sectional study; three radiologists with different levels of experience used the ACR TI-RADS to classify 100 nodules on two occasions one month apart, and we calculated the intraobserver and interobserver variability. RESULTS: Regarding intraobserver variability, the first radiologist had nearly perfect concordance for composition, echogenicity, shape, and margins and substantial concordance for echogenic foci; the second radiologist had nearly perfect concordance for composition, echogenicity, shape, and margins and substantial concordance for echogenic foci, and the third radiologist had nearly perfect concordance for composition, echogenicity, and shape and substantial concordance for margins and echogenic foci. The interobserver concordance was calculated for the two readings; the concordance was substantial except for shape in the first reading and for echogenicity and margins in the second reading, which had moderate concordance. CONCLUSIONS: The ACR TI-RADS classification system is reproducible.
ABSTRACT
Taking to consideration the low report of cholera patients and with the main knowing the reality about the introduction of Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) in Peru, a sample of 101 cases with acute diarrheal disease (ADD) was taken at the Distrito Villa El Salvador. They were selected by a systematic randomized sampling defined for each health care unit in the District, according to the daily average occurrence of ADD cases attended a week before the beginning of the study. All of them took part in a epidemiological survey. A sample was taken by rectal swab in order to isolate V. cholerae. 53 positive cases were found (52.2% and a confidence interval from 42.29 to 62.5%) with significant differences (p < 0.01) between the frequency in adults (67.3%) and children (34.8%). V. cholerae was isolated only in 13 (61.9%) of the 21 cases who had contact with cholera patients, for a relative risk of 1.24 (0.83 < RR < 1.85). A high positivity was also found, 21 cases (72.4%) among those who had raw food. A significant difference (p < 0.01) was observed in connection with those who had cooked food. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis it was only found a significant relationship with age and with the ingestion of raw food as regards the occurrence of cholera.
