ABSTRACT
There is no standardized treatment for grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors (G3 NETs). We aimed to describe the treatments received in patients with advanced G3 NETs and compare their efficacy. Patients with advanced digestive G3 NETs treated between 2010 and 2018 in seven expert centers were retrospectively studied. Pathological samples were centrally reviewed, and radiological data were locally reviewed. We analyzed RECIST-defined objective response (OR), tumor growth rate (TGR) and progression-free survival (PFS) obtained with first- (L1) or second-line (L2) treatments. We included 74 patients with advanced G3 NETs, mostly from the duodenal or pancreatic origin (71.6%), with median Ki-67 of 30%. The 126 treatments (L1 = 74; L2 = 52) included alkylating-based (n = 32), etoposide-platinum (n = 22) or adenocarcinoma-like (n = 20) chemotherapy, somatostatin analogs (n = 21), targeted therapies (n = 22) and liver-directed therapies (n = 7). Alkylating-based chemotherapy achieved the highest OR rate (37.9%) compared to other treatments (multivariable OR 4.22, 95% CI (1.5-12.2); P = 0.008). Adenocarcinoma-like and alkylating-based chemotherapies showed the highest reductions in 3-month TGR (P < 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively). The longest median PFS was obtained with adenocarcinoma-like chemotherapy (16.5 months (9.0-24.0)) and targeted therapies (12.0 months (8.2-15.8)), while the shortest PFS was observed with somatostatin analogs (6.2 months (3.8-8.5)) and etoposide-platinum chemotherapy (7.2 months (5.2-9.1)). Etoposide-platinum CT achieved shorter PFS than adenocarcinoma-like (multivariable HR 3.69 (1.61-8.44), P = 0.002) and alkylating-based chemotherapies (multivariable HR 1.95 (1.01-3.78), P = 0.049). Overall, adenocarcinoma-like and alkylating-based chemotherapies may be the most effective treatments for patients with advanced G3 NETs regarding OR and PFS. Etoposide-platinum chemotherapy has poor efficacy in this setting.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Neuroendocrine Tumors , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Etoposide , Humans , Neuroendocrine Tumors/drug therapy , Neuroendocrine Tumors/pathology , Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology , Platinum/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Somatostatin/therapeutic use , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
La neumonía lipoidea exógena (NLE) es una patología inusual (incidencia del 1-2,5%), frecuentemente infradiagnosticada, causada por la aspiración y la acumulación de lípidos de origen exógeno dentro de los alvéolos pulmonares. Se han descrito casos por inhalación de lubricantes en fosas nasales y orofaringe, aspiración de aceites minerales contenidos en laxantes en pacientes con trastornos alimentarios, aplicación de brillo de labios, exposición profesional a parafina líquida o aceites minerales («comedores de fuego», uso industrial en lavado de maquinaria, talleres de automóviles, pinturas plásticas, etc.) y aplicación de vaselina en la inserción de sondas nasogástricas y en el cuidado de traqueotomías en pacientes traqueotomizados. Radiológicamente la NLE suele presentarse como consolidaciones peribronquiales de baja atenuación y opacidades en vidrio deslustrado con una distribución preferentemente bibasal. Presentamos 5 casos de pacientes laringectomizados de larga evolución con diagnóstico de NLE que admitían el uso de vaselina en el cuidado del estoma traqueal
Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP) is a rare (incidence 1.0%-2.5%), often under-diagnosed disease, caused by the aspiration and accumulation of exogenous lipids within the pulmonary alveoli. Various cases have beendescribeddue to inhalationoflubricants via thenasalpassages andoropharynx, aspirationofmineral oils in laxatives in patients with eating disorders, application of lip gloss, occupational exposure to liquid paraffin or mineral oils ('fire-eaters', industrial use in washing of machinery, automobile workshops, plastic paints, etc.) and application of Vaseline during the insertion of nasogastric tubes and in the care of tracheotomy patients. ELP usually presents radiologically as areas of low-attenuation peribronchial consolidation and ground glass opacities, with a predominantly bibasal distribution. We present 5 cases of long-standing laryngectomy patients diagnosed with ELP who admitted using Vaseline in their tracheal stoma care
Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumonia, Lipid , Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Laryngectomy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Petrolatum/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP) is a rare (incidence 1.0%-2.5%), often under-diagnosed disease, caused by the aspiration and accumulation of exogenous lipids within the pulmonary alveoli. Various cases have been described due to inhalation of lubricants via the nasal passages and oropharynx, aspiration of mineral oils in laxatives in patients with eating disorders, application of lip gloss, occupational exposure to liquid paraffin or mineral oils ("fire-eaters", industrial use in washing of machinery, automobile workshops, plastic paints, etc.) and application of Vaseline during the insertion of nasogastric tubes and in the care of tracheotomy patients. ELP usually presents radiologically as areas of low-attenuation peribronchial consolidation and ground glass opacities, with a predominantly bibasal distribution. We present 5 cases of long-standing laryngectomy patients diagnosed with ELP who admitted using Vaseline in their tracheal stoma care.
