Variables académicas y de calidad de vida en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos / Academic and quality of life variables in mexican university students

Resumen. Objetivo. Analizar el efecto de las expectativas y metas de progreso académicas en las dimensiones de la calidad de vida de estudiantes universitarios mexicanos. Método. El tipo de investigación es cuantitativa con un diseño transversal, abierto, observacional con alcances descriptivos y predictivos. Las técnicas estadísticas utilizadas fueron estadística descriptiva, coeficiente de correlación y análisis de senderos con el método GLS. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia, con un total de 465 participantes. Resultados. Se demostró que, para el modelo explicativo resultante, la variable metas de progreso académicas es un predictor directo de la dimensión función física. Asimismo, las expectativas académicas de resultado son un predictor de las dimensiones rol emocional y la función física. Respecto a los componentes de la salud física y mental, este último presentó la puntuación más baja.

Abstract. Objective. To analyze the effect of expectations and goals of academic progress on the dimensions of the quality of life of Mexican university students. Method. The research was quantitative with a cross-sectional, open, observational design with descriptive and predictive scopes. The statistical techniques used were descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient and path analysis with the GLS method. Sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience, with a total of 465 participants. Results. For the resulting explanatory model the variable academic progress goals is a direct predictor of the physical function dimension. And academic expectations of outcome are a predictor of the emotional role and physical function dimensions.

Low levels of proinflammatory cytokines in a transdiagnostic sample of young male and female early onset eating disorders without any previous treatment: A case control study.

Growing interest exists in the association of the immune system and its role in the development and maintenance of eating disorders (ED). Current evidence suggests that serum cytokine levels seem to be elevated in females with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, less is known in bulimia nervosa (BN) and other specified feeding and eating disorders (OSFED), specially in males. We aimed to perform a case-control study in a sample of forty eight young patients (38 females and 10 males) with early diagnosis of AN, BN or OSFED and without any previous treatment, compared with twenty nine healthy controls (19 females and 10 males) matched by age, sex and socioeconomic status. We evaluated eating-related psychopathology and depressive symptoms and measured serum concentration of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Contrary to expectations, levels of IL-1ß and IL-6 were significantly lower in ED patients, compared with healthy controls. Comparing the different groups of females, we found elevated levels of IL-10 among ED patients therefore supporting the idea of an immunosuppressive status in the early stages. This could indicate that early onset patients without any previous treatment could remain in a reward-dependent state with a lower immune response.

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, Expectativas y Satisfacción Académica de jóvenes universitarios

Introducción: El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la relación entre las dimensiones de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y las expectativas académicas de resultado, las expectativas de futuro, metas de progreso y la satisfacción escolar de jóvenes universitarios. Método: La investigación fue observacional, descriptiva, correlacional y con diseño transeccional. En este estudio participaron 346 jóvenes universitarios (51 %= hombres y 49 % mujeres), de 18 a 23 años, la forma de selección de la muestra fue por conveniencia. Se utilizó el cuestionario SF-12 que evalúa la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en ocho dimensiones; función física, rol físico, dolor corporal, salud general, vitalidad, función social, rol emocional y salud mental, y las escalas de; expectativas académicas de resultado, metas de progreso académicas, satisfacción escolar y expectativas de futuro. Resultados: Los resultados indican la existencia de altos puntajes en dimensiones como la función física, rol físico y rol emocional, excepto en la función social. Se observó correlación entre las dimensiones que integran el componente de salud física con las expectativas académicas, satisfacción académica y expectativas de futuro. A su vez, el componente de salud mental se correlacionó con las metas de progreso académicas, expectativas académicas de resultado, satisfacción académica y expectativas de futuro. Conclusiones: los jóvenes universitarios tienen una buena calidad de vida, sin embargo, existe una proporción de estudiantes que no adoptan hábitos saludables y otros sí. La salud física y mental son aspectos importantes en los estudiantes, no obstante, los universitarios no visualizan el impacto de dichos beneficios en el éxito escolar, el logro de sus expectativas académicas, metas de progreso e incluso en sus expectativas de futuro.

Background: The study aimed to determine the relationship between the dimensions of health-related quality of life and the academic expectations of the outcome, future expectations, progress goals, and school satisfaction of young university students. Method: The research was observational, descriptive, correlational, and with a transitional design. In this study, 346 young university students (51% = men and 49% women) participated, from 18 to 23 years old, the form of a selection of the sample was for convenience. The SF-12 questionnaire was used, which evaluates the health-related quality of life in eight dimensions; physical function, physical role, body pain, general health, vitality, social function, emotional role, and mental health, and the scales of academic expectations of the outcome, academic progress goals, school satisfaction, and future expectations. Results: The results indicate the existence of high scores in physical function, physical role, and emotional role, except in social function. A correlation was observed between the physical health component and academic expectations, academic satisfaction, and future expectations. In turn, mental health is correlated with academic progress goals, academic expectations of the outcome, academic satisfaction, and expectations for the future. Conclusions: Young university students have a good quality of life, however, there is a proportion of students who do not adopt healthy habits and others do. Physical and mental health are important aspects in students; however, university students do not visualize the impact of these benefits on school success, the achievement of their academic expectations, progress goals, and even their future expectations.

Calidad de vida en estudiantes universitarios con sobrepeso y obesidad: Diferencias por sexo / Quality of life in university students with overweight and obesity: Differences by sex

Introducción: El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer la relación entre la calidad de vida, el sobrepeso y la obesidad, así como comparar si existen diferencias significativas por sexo. Método: Se utilizó el cuestionario de salud SF-36v2, que mide la salud funcional y el bienestar a partir de ocho dimensiones: función física, rol físico, dolor corporal, salud general, vitalidad, función social, rol emocional y salud mental. El tipo de investigación es cuantitativa con un diseño prospectivo, transversal y observacional. Las técnicas estadísticas que se utilizaron para el análisis de la información fueron el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y la prueba t para muestras independientes. Para la magnitud del efecto se utilizó la d de Cohen. La muestra se seleccionó a partir del muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia; el total de participantes fue de 320. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas en dos de las dimensiones, con un tamaño del efecto pequeño, menor a una desviación estándar. Conclusión: Las mujeres sienten más energía y vitalidad que los hombres, éstos algunas veces se ven más afectados por los problemas de salud física o emocional que interfieren en su vida social.

Introduction: The objective of this article is to show the relation between the quality of life, overweight and obesity, and to compare if there are significant differences by gender. Methodology: The SF-36v2 questionnaire was used to measure the functional health and wellness from eight dimensions: physical function, physical role, body pain, general health, vitality, social function, emotional role and mental health. The study is quantitative with a traversal, observational and prospective design. The statistical techniques that were used to the data analysis was the Pearson relation coefficient and the t test to independent samples. The d of Cohen was used to obtain the magnitude of the effect. The sample was selected from a non-probabilistic sample by convenience; the total of participants was of 320. Results: Significant statistic differences were found in two of the dimensions, with a small magnitude of the effect, less than a standard deviation. Conclusion: Women feel more energy and vitality than men, whom sometimes are more affected by the physical or emotional health problems that interfere in their social life.

Adaptación transcultural y validación del cuestionario PG-13 para la detección precoz de duelo prolongado / Cross-cultural adaptation and validity of the prolonged grief PG-13 questionnaire: a tool for early diagnosis

OBJETIVO: Adaptar y validar al castellano el cuestionario PG-13. DISEÑO: Fase 1. Adaptación trascultural de cuestionarios. Fase 2: Validación de pruebas diagnósticas. EMPLAZAMIENTO: Atención primaria, equipo de soporte a la atención domiciliaria paliativa y tres hospitales de cuidados paliativos de Madrid. PARTICIPANTES: Fase 1. Tres traductores inglés-castellano, tres traductores castellano-inglés. Comité multidisciplinar: Tres psicólogos, médica y enfermera de Cuidados Paliativos, médica de atención primaria. Fase 2: Se ofreció participar a 329 personas mayores de edad que habían sufrido una pérdida hacía más de seis meses pero menos de 18, elegidos por muestreo no probabilístico. Rechazaron 23, respuesta incompleta 7, participantes 299. MÉTODO: Fase 1. Traducción-retrotraducción del cuestionario. Elaboración de versión inicial, estudio piloto y elaboración de la versión definitiva. Fase 2. Estudio de fiabilidad test-retest (n = 26) repitiendo el cuestionario siete días después de la primera entrevista y calculando el coeficiente kappa. Fiabilidad de la escala mediante el alfa de Cronbach. Validez lógica y de contenido mediante comité multidisciplinar. Validez de constructo: análisis factorial y asociación de DP con Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (TAG), Episodio Depresivo Mayor (EDM), apoyo social percibido de Duke, presencia de DP medido con Inventario Texas Revisado de Duelo (ITRD) usando coeficiente phi de Pearson. Validez de criterio mediante comparación con entrevista clínica estandarizada (n = 84). RESULTADOS: Fiabilidad test-retest: Kappa = 1. Consistencia interna: Alfa de Cronbach = 0,9183. Validez de constructo: Correlación significativa de DP con TAG, EDM, DP medido con ITRD y apoyo social percibido bajo. En el análisis factorial dos ítems explicaron el 62,4 % de varianza. Prevalencia DP: 7,04 %. Validez de criterio: Al comparar diagnóstico de DP con entrevista clínica con PG-13: Sensibilidad 50 %, Especificidad 94,29 %, VPP 63,64 %, VPN 90,41 %, RVP 8,75, RVN 0,53. CONCLUSIONES: El cuestionario PG-13 es una herramienta apta para el cribado de DP

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to make the cross-cultural adaptation of the PG-13 and to study the validity and reliability of the Spanish version. DESIGN: Phase 1: Cross-cultural adaptation. Phase 2: Study of validity and reliabilitiy of this test. LOCATION: Primary Care service, Home palliative care service and three Hospices. PARTICIPANTS: Phase 1. Three English-Spanish traductors, three Spanish-English traductors. Panel of experts: Three Psychologists, one doctor and nurse from a home palliative care team and one primary care doctor. Phase 2: We invited 329 adults who had lost a loved person for more than 6 months but less than 18 months to participate, chosen with consecutive sampling. Decline to participate = 23, missing data = 7, participants 299. METHODS: Phase 1: Translation and back-translation to obtain a first draft. Pilot study and corrections to elaborate the final version. Phase 2: Intraobserver reliability study: 26 subjects repeated the questionnaire 7 days after the first evaluation, kappa coefficient was calculated. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of the scale. Logic validity and content was studied by a panel of experts. Construct validity was studied by factorial analysis and Pearson's Phi association of results of PG-13 test with General Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Mayor Depressive Disorder (MDD), Duke's Social Perceived Support, and PG meassured by Texas Revised Inventory of Grief (TRIG). Criterion validity was studied using standarized clinical interview (n = 84). RESULTS: Intraobserver reliability study: Kappa=1. Cronbach's alpha = 0,9183. Statistical correlation was demonstrated between PG measured by PG-13 and GAD, MDD, low perceived social support and PG measured with TRIG. Factorial analysis showed that two items explained 62,4 % of variance. PG prevalence was 7,04 %. Comparing PG-13 questionnaire versus standarized clinical interview: Sensitivity 50 %, Specifity 94,29 %, Positive predictive value 63,64 %, Negative predictive value 90,41 %, Positive likelihood ratio 8,75, Negative likelihood ratio 0,53. CONCLUSION: PG-13 questionnaire is a suitable tool for PG screening

Portal vein thrombosis in patients with cirrhosis: just a common finding or a predictor of poor outcome?

 Background & Aims. It is unclear whether portal vein thrombosis (PVT) unrelated to malignancy is associated with reduced survival or it is an epiphenomenon of advanced cirrhosis. The objective of this study was to assess clinical outcome in cirrhotic patients with PVT not associated with malignancy and determine its prevalence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective search in one center from June 2011 to December 2014. RESULTS: 169 patients, 55 women and 114 men, median age 54 (19-90) years. Thirteen had PVT (7.6%). None of the patients received anticoagulant treatment. The PVT group was younger (49 [25-62] vs. 55 [19-90] years p = 0.025). Child A patients were more frequent in PVT and Child C in Non-PVT. Median Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was lower in PVT (12 [8-21] vs. 19 [7-51] p ≤ 0.001) p ≤ 0.001). There was no difference between upper gastrointestinal bleeding and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in the groups. Encephalopathy grade 3-4 (4 [30.8%] vs. 73 [46.8%] p = 0,007) and large volume ascites (5 [38.5%] vs. 89 [57.1%] p= 0,012) was more common in non-PVT. Survival was better for PVT (16.5 ± 27.9 vs. 4.13 ± 12.2 months p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: We found that PVT itself does not lead to a worse prognosis. The most reliable predictor for clinical outcome remains the MELD score. The presence of PVT could be just an epiphenomenon and not a marker of advanced cirrhosis.

El crowdsourcing como metodología en la lucha contrala malaria / Crowdsourcing as a methodology in the fight against malaria

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Dynamisation and early weight-bearing in tibial reamed intramedullary nailing: its safety and effect on fracture union.

AIM: To compare the safety and effect on tibial diaphyseal fracture bone union of two intramedullary nailing techniques: (1) dynamic locking with early, full weight bearing, and (2) static locking with delayed weight bearing until bone union. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective case-control study of closed or type I open tibial diaphyseal fractures (types A and B according to the AO classification) treated with dynamic nailing (32 cases) or static nailing (35 cases). The type of intramedullary nail, the surgical technique and the postoperative protocol were similar for both groups, with the exception of the locking mode and the time of weight bearing. Time to union, mechanical and biological complications, and the number and type of re-operations needed until union were recorded and analysed. RESULTS: Mean union time was 21 weeks in the dynamic group and 26 in the static group (p = 0.051). In both groups 3 cases of nonunion were noted. In the dynamic group there was 1 case of delayed union and 1 case of malunion. In the static group, 5 cases of delayed union and 5 cases of malunion were found. Four reoperations were required in the dynamic group, whereas 10 were needed in the static group (p >0.05). Initial degree of interfragmentary gaps had an impact on the mean time to union and the appearance of biological complications in both groups. CONCLUSION: Dynamic nailing assembly in intramedullary nailing in closed or type I open tibial diaphyseal fractures with limited comminution (types A and B according to the AO classification) is safe when used for these fracture types. A dynamic mode of nailing should be encouraged in these fracture patterns.

Anestesia en preeclampsia severa-eclampsia / Anestethic management in pregnancy induced hypertencion

Se describe el tratamiento anestésico, sus complicaciones y la influencia sobre el bienestar materno y neonatal de pacientes con preeclampsia severa o eclampsia, en un estudio retrospectivo de 283 registros anestésicos de 6 meses de atención obstétrica. Se clasificaron de acuerdo a gravedad y respuesta al tratamiento médico en: toxemia severa no compensada (TSNC); toxemia severa compensada (TSC); inminenciaa de eclampsia (IE) y eclampsia (E) . En la selección de anestesia predominó la técnica regional en los grupos TSNC, TSC e IE con 83 por ciento, 88 por ciento y 52 por ciento respectivamente. En E más del 92 por ciento recibió anestecia general. Las complicaciones observadas fueron: descensos tensionales, anestesia regional insuficiente, intubación arotraqueal traumática, broncoespasmo y crisis convulsivas preanestésicas usadas. El bienestar materno ( Aldrete de 8 o más), la TSNC logró promediar 77 por ciento, la TSC 80 por ciento y la E 50 por ciento siendo mejor bajo anestesia general. La IE con 80 por ciento pero mejor bajo anestesia regional.