Pertinencia de enfermería, según las competencias percibidas por los graduados de la Universidad de Guayaquil

Fundamento: la pertinencia en salud se relaciona con la coherencia existente en un proyecto de intervención según las necesidades de sus beneficiarios; en ello es muy importante que el profesional posea facultades para combinar sus capacidades en el logro de un propósito determinado. Objetivo: determinar indicadores de empleabilidad según las competencias en graduados de la carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad de Guayaquil . Métodos: estudio descriptivo/explicativo con una muestra representativa de 136 graduados de los últimos cinco años, a los que se les aplica un instrumento validado por juicio de expertos (0,89: alfa de Cronbach). Se midieron 17 indicadores de empleabilidad interna y seis de empleabilidad externa. Resultados: los graduados de enfermería perciben la empleabilidad como atributos y competencias del ser, con habilidades de resolución de problemas, ser reflexivos, pensamiento crítico, conductas éticas y liderazgo efectivo. En relación con la empleabilidad externa los egresados se consideraron con competencias de atributos que los hacen competitivos en el entorno laboral de enfermería. Conclusiones: los graduados de la carrera de enfermería de la universidad de Guayaquil poseen los atributos y competencias de una empleabilidad interna y externa de acuerdo con los objetivos y perfiles del profesional de enfermería.

Foundation: the relevance in health is related to the existing coherence in an intervention project according to the needs of its beneficiaries; In this it is very important that the professional has the faculties to combine his capacities in the achievement of a certain purpose. Objective: to determine employability indicators according to the competencies in graduates of the Guayaquil University nursing career. Methods: descriptive/explanatory study with a representative sample of 136 graduates of the last five years, to whom an instrument validated by expert judgment (0.89: Cronbach's alpha) was applied. 17 indicators of internal employability and six of external employability were measured. Results Nursing graduates perceive employability as attributes and competencies of being, with problem-solving skills, being reflective, critical thinking, ethical behaviors, and effective leadership. In relation to external employability, graduates were considered to have attribute competencies that make them competitive in the nursing work environment. Conclusions: Nursing graduates from the Guayaquil University have the attributes and competencies of internal and external employability in accordance with the expectations of the objectives and the nursing professional's profiles.

Percepción sobre riesgos laborales en Enfermería durante la pandemia COVID-19 / Occupational hazard perceptions in nursing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Fundamento: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha incrementado los riesgos laborales en los profesionales de Enfermería, por ello es necesario conocer las percepciones del personal de salud como valor cualitativo a tener en cuenta en la gestión efectiva de su proceso laboral. Objetivo: Describir la percepción del profesional de Enfermería frente a los riesgos laborales durante la pandemia COVID-19, desde un enfoque fenomenológico. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa (descriptiva-explicativa) de tipo fenomenológico, estudiando las percepciones de 13 profesionales de Enfermería sobre los riesgos laborales de tipo físico, biológico, fisiológico y ergonómico, acontecidos en el Hospital del IESS "Dr. Efrén Jurado", en Guayaquil, Ecuador. Resultados: Se observó que los profesionales emplean estrategias de afrontamiento frente a los riesgos laborales, asimismo fomentan una conducta de autocuidado, siguen protocolos de bioseguridad, fortalecen la comunicación efectiva en el equipo de trabajo, brindan apoyo emocional al paciente, proyectan una actitud positiva y empática y mantienen su fortaleza en Dios; los profesionales constantemente experimentan miedo al contagio, tristeza, frustración e impotencia en su jornada laboral. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos se aproximan al modelo de creencias de salud, describiendo componentes que interactúan para originar una conducta o actitud de prevención de riesgo entre enfermeros, una percepción individual donde intervienen las creencias y los factores modificables como aspectos emocionales relacionados con los sentimientos.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased occupational hazards in nursing professionals, therefore, it is necessary to know the perceptions of health staff as a qualitative value to be taken into account in the effective management of their work process. Objective: To describe the perception of the Nursing professional in relation to occupational risks during the COVID-19 pandemic, from a phenomenological point of view. Methodology: Qualitative research (descriptive-explanatory) of the phenomenological type, studying the perceptions of 13 nursing professionals about physical occupational hazards, biological, physiological and ergonomic, occurred at the IESS Hospital "Dr. Efrén Jurado", in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Results: It was observed that the professionals use strategies for coping against occupational hazards, they also encourage self-care behaviors, follow biosafety protocols enhance effective communication in the work team, provide emotional support to the patient, project an attitude of positivity and compassion, and remain strong in God; professionals constantly experience fear of infection, sadness, frustration and powerlessness in their daily work. Conclusions: Findings approach the health belief model, describing components that interact to create a risk prevention behavior or attitude among nurses, an individual perception that involves beliefs and modifiable factors such as emotional aspects related to feelings.

Assessment of potential contamination and acid drainage generation in uranium mining zones of Peña Blanca, Chihuahua, Mexico.

Potential pollution of mining environmental liabilities' locations can be preliminarily and efficiently assessed by the potential generation of acid mine drainage and indices of contamination. This research evaluates the potential pollution by potentially toxic elements at locations with uranium mining liability evidence, using the net acid generation test and determining the background values to estimate acid mine drainage and indices of contamination. Sixty soil samples were collected, and the mineralogy and potentially toxic elements' total contents were determined by x-ray diffraction and optical spectrometry. The findings suggest that the soils related to a specific lithology might not present potential acid mine drainage generation but potential soil and sediment contamination. Future research is recommended on applying leaching tests to identify which potentially toxic elements are effectively being solubilized. Finally, it can be concluded that the study area's potential contamination is relatively low overall.

Assessment of the Volatile Profiles and Identification of Differentiating Aromas of Wild Undervalued Plants.

Wild edible plants have played an important role in traditional diets, including the Mediterranean diet. Many of these plants have acquired an undervalued status, since they are under-appreciated in terms of their nutritional, organoleptic qualities, or their seasonality. However, some of these species are still used in local gastronomy for their aromatic and taste characteristics. This study has investigated the quantitative and qualitative aromatic characteristics of seven undervalued wild plants that determine their organoleptic characteristics. Volatiles of the fresh leaves of each species have been determined by head-space solid-phase microextraction, a sensitive and solvent-free technique, coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. A total of 37 compounds with remarkable quantitative and qualitative differences were identified. In general, benzenoids and monoterpenoids were the most abundant groups, while branched unsaturated hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, and sesquiterpenoids were the minor groups. Benzyl nitrile, benzyl isothiocyanate, p-cymene, and 2-hexenal were the main individual volatiles, while benzyl alcohol, eugenol, and α-copaene were the differentiating aromas. The results display that the undervalued species studied could be a suitable choice to include as new environmentally friendly crops, providing a double benefit to producers, because they are a possible way to achieve sustainable production systems, and they are an alternative for consumers, because these plants provide flavors that have high organoleptic qualities.

Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Volatiles Profile Characterization of Two Edible Undervalued Plants: Portulaca oleracea L. and Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass.

Wild edible plants are an important source of healthy food and have played an important role in traditional Mediterranean diets. In this paper, quality characteristics were typified in Portulaca oleracea L. and Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass, undervalued plants inherent to the spring-summer season in the Valencian coastal region. Nutritional composition and bioactive compounds were analyzed and compared between plants in wild and organic cultivation conditions. Proximate analysis was carried out according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. Total antioxidants were measured as 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate and total polyphenols content via the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. The HS-SPME technique was used to characterize the volatiles profile, and the polyphenol profile was evaluated by HPLC. The most important microelement was iron. Total antioxidants ranged from 4392.16 to 7315.00 µmol Trolox·equivalents 100 g-1 fw, and total phenolic content ranged from 99.09 to 391.18 mg gallic acid equivalents·100 g-1 fw. Results show that the content of antioxidants and phenols was higher in wild species than in cultivated ones. The volatiles profile revealed that P. ruderale was rich in monoterpenoids (48.65-55.82%), and fatty alcohols were characteristic in P. oleracea species (16.21-54.18%). The results suggest that both plants could be healthy foods and could have new sustainable agro-ecological potential for the local commercial sector.

Five undervalued edible species inherent to autumn-winter season: nutritional composition, bioactive constituents and volatiles profile.

BACKGROUND: Wild edible herbs have historically been used as local nutritional and medicinal sources. These plants grow spontaneously, depending on the season. They adapt well to different edaphoclimatic conditions, generating a diversity constituent beneficial to health. They impart compounds needed in the human diet in regard to macro and micronutrients. When consumed raw, they keep their properties intact and provide health benefits. Five undervalued edible plants: Stellaria media (L.) Vill, Tropaeolum majus L., Sonchus oleraceus L., Chenopodium album L. and Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC are characteristic of the autumn-winter season in the Valencian coastal region and could have new sustainable agro-ecological potential for the local commercial sector. However, little information is available from the nutritional quality and bioactive composition viewpoint for these species. Concurrently, the volatiles compounds profiles describing the characteristic flavors are unknown. METHODS: Nutritional characteristics, bioactive compounds, and other chemical components of the fresh leaves were analyzed. In addition, the volatiles composite profile was performed. The analyzed species come from the soil reservoir; their wild growth is adjusted to the autumn season. The proximate analysis was carried out by Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods. Total antioxidants were measured as 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrzyl hydrate (DPPH) and total polyphenols content via the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. Volatiles profile was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The vegetative part analyzed was the tender leaves with edible potential. RESULTS: A high variability has been obtained in the composition of the species studied. The proximate analysis found a considerable content of fiber (1.22-5.4 g·100 g-1), potassium (157.7-1,250.6 mg·100 g-1), iron (0.6-2.0 mg·100 g-1), and a low caloric value (16.1-43.02 kcal·mg·100 g-1). In bioactive compounds analysis, a high level of antioxidants was highlighted (1,604.3-4,874.6 µmol·100 g-1), followed by chlorophylls. Volatiles profile revealed that the species were rich in benzenoids (33.8-89.9%) as the majority family. The pyrazines class was characteristic only in D. erucoides L. DISCUSSION: Fresh edible leaves of the undervalued plants show considerable nutritional potential and a high bioactive components level, which highlight the antioxidant capacity. Leaves of C. album L. stand out due to their higher concentration of nutritional compounds, while D. erucoides L. is noted for its higher antioxidant capacity. Aromatic descriptor of pyrazines detected in the leaves of D. erucoides L. is associated with the slightly spicy flavors that characterize this species. Results suggest that studied species could be of great relevance in introducing these five edible herbs as a source of new grown material, postulating them as healthy food ingredients with attractive flavors for the gourmet cuisine industry.

Probabilistic multi-pathway human health risk assessment due to heavy metal(loid)s in a traditional gold mining area in Ecuador.

Mining operations are important causes of environmental pollution in developing countries where mining waste management is not adequate. Consequently, heavy metal(loid)s are easily released into the environment, being a potential risk to human health. This study carries out a Bayesian probabilistic human health risk assessment, related to multi-pathway exposure to heavy metal(loid)s in a gold mining area in Southern Ecuador. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in tap water, surface water, and soil samples, were analyzed to assess the potential adverse human health effects based on the Hazard Index (HI) and Total cancer risk (TCR). Adults and children residents were surveyed to adjust their exposure parameters to the site-specific conditions. Exposure to heavy metal(loid)s resulted in unacceptable risk levels for human health in the two age groups, both carcinogenic (TCR > 1 × 10-5) and non-carcinogenic (HI > 1) through ingestion of tap water and incidental ingestion of surface water. Sensitivity analysis showed that As concentration in waters and exposure frequency were the main contributors to risk outcome. Exposure to soil via accidental ingestion and dermal contact was below the safety limit, not posing a risk to human health. These findings can provide a baseline for the environmental management of the mining area and indicate the need for further research on As pollution in water and its implications on the health of the inhabitants of mining communities.

Ecological and probabilistic human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in river sediments affected by mining activities in Ecuador.

Gold mining is a significant source of metal(loid)s released into the environment. It is an issue of concern due to the potential adverse health effects associated with exposure to toxic elements. This study aimed to assess the ecological and human health risk caused by heavy metal(loid)s exposure in river sediments in Ponce Enríquez, one of the most important mining sites in Ecuador. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were evaluated in 172 sediment samples to determine the Potential ecological risk (RI) and the carcinogenic (CR) and non-carcinogenic risk (HQ). The human exposure to polluted sediments during recreational activities was computed using Bayesian probabilistic models. Residents were randomly surveyed to adjust the risk models to the specific population data. More than 68% of the sampling stations pose a severe As and Cd ecological risk index ([Formula: see text] > 320). Likewise, residents exposed to river sediments showed a non-acceptable carcinogenic risk by incidental ingestion, being As the primary contributor to overall cancer in both children and adults receptors. Moreover, non-carcinogenic risk through the incidental ingestion of sediments was above the safe limit for children. This is the first study conducted in a mining region in Ecuador that reveals the severe levels of ecological and human health risk to which the population is exposed. These results can be applied as a baseline to develop public health strategies to monitor and reduce the health hazards of the residents of mining communities.

Vulnerabilidad de los estudiantes del primer semestre de enfermería, frente al consumo de drogas: estudio piloto / Vulnerability of students in the first semester of nursing in the face of drug use: a pilot study

El consumo de sustancias ilícitas presente en los grupos vulnerables permanecen descuidados. Tal cual, como el grupo de los adolescentes, que por aspectos biológicos y psíquicos son proclives al consumo y dependencia. Relacionándose cada vez con más frecuencia, en los diferentes contextos tóxicos, debido a las múltiples circunstancias como: el tipo de personalidad, el contexto familiar y su entorno social, el vínculo de novio o la novia, compañeros y amigos que se encuentran produciendo un cambio en su edad. Objetivo: Determinar el grado de vulnerabilidad de los estudiantes de Enfermería frente al consumo de drogas. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de campo, transversal descriptivo; se usa como test Salamanca para el Screening de Trastornos de Personalidad de 22 ítems. Resultados: Como resultado al test piloto de trastorno de personalidad se evidenció un 80% del género femenino y el 20% del género masculino; con edad promedio de 20 años. Los ítems se clasifican en 3 grupos A, B y C; el Grupo A: Paranoide (1/15), Esquizoide (7/15), Esquizotípico (1/15). En el Grupo B: Histriónico (10/15), Antisocial (1/15), Narcisista (3/15), Trastorno Inestabilidad de la Personalidad: Subtipo Impulsivo (3/15), Trastorno Inestabilidad de la Personalidad: Subtipo Límite (7/15). Y Grupo C: Anancástico (9/15), Dependiente (4/15) y Ansioso (10/15). Conclusiones: La personalidad y la estabilidad emocional están relacionadas directamente con los altos niveles de autonomía, crecimiento personal, propósito en la vida y conocimiento del entorno. Aunque también con importantes aspectos del pensamiento constructivo como la autoestima, la energía, el entusiasmo y las formas de afrontamiento de situaciones(AU)

The consumption of illicit substances present in vulnerable groups remains neglected. As such, like the group of adolescents, due to biological and psychological aspects are prone to consumption and dependence. Relating more and more frequently, in the different toxic contexts, due to the multiple circumstances such as the type of personality, the family context and its social environment, the bond of boyfriend or girlfriend, colleagues and friends that are producing a change in your age. Objective: To determine the degree of vulnerability of Nursing students to drug use. Methodology: It was a quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive field study; it used as the Salamanca test for the Screening of Personality Disorders of 22 items. Results: The result of the personality disorder pilot test, 80% of the female gender and 20% of the male gender were evidenced; with an average age of 20 years. The items are classified into three groups A, B and C; Group A: Paranoid (1/15), Schizoid (7/15), and Schizotypal (1/15). In Group B: Histrionic (10/15), Antisocial (1/15), Narcissistic (3/15), Instability Personality Disorder: Impulsive Subtype (3/15), Instability Personality Disorder: Borderline Subtype (7 /15). In addition, Group C: Ananchastic (9/15), Dependent (4/15) and Anxious (10/15). Conclusions: Personality and emotional stability are directly related to high levels of autonomy, personal growth, purpose in life and knowledge of the environment. Although also with important aspects of constructive thinking such as self-esteem, energy, enthusiasm and ways of coping with situations(AU)

Autocuidado de estudiantes de enfermería para prevenir el consumo de drogas / Self-care of nursing students to prevent drug use

Introducción: En el contexto académico universitario pueden evidenciarse riesgos concretos en cuanto al consumo de drogas lícitas o ilícitas, debido a diversos factores que deben estudiarse para establecer futuras acciones de prevención. Objetivo: Identificar la responsabilidad individual de los estudiantes de enfermería en la prevención del consumo de drogas, según la perspectiva de Orem. Métodos: Se utilizó el método fenomenológico. Se describieron e interpretaron experiencias propias de estudiantes universitarios de enfermería acerca de su autocuidado ante el consumo de drogas. Los sujetos estudiados fueron elegidos mediante muestreo intencional no probabilístico. Se investigaron a 30 informantes clave que estudiaban enfermería en la Universidad de Guayaquil. La información de interés se recolectó mediante entrevistas a profundidad con previo consentimiento de los participantes. Resultados: Se obtuvieron las siguientes categorías de análisis: cuidado de sí mismo según concepto persona, cuidado de sí mismo según concepto entorno, cuidado de sí mismo según concepto salud y cuidado de sí mismo según concepto de enfermería. Se mostró que los estudiantes de enfermería poseían las competencias teóricas y científicas para su autocuidado en relación con el consumo de drogas. Se destacó el concepto persona, ya que los alumnos se sentían vulnerables en cuanto al manejo de su autoestima y al control de sí mismos. Conclusiones: El entorno universitario estudiado influye negativamente en la disposición del consumo libre de drogas, lo que muestra una conducta bioética no acorde con los principios de la disciplina(AU)

Introduction: In the university academic context, concrete risks can be evidenced regarding the consumption of licit or illicit drugs, due to various factors that must be studied to establish future prevention actions. Objective: To identify the individual responsibility of nursing students in the prevention of drug use, according to Orem's perspective. Methods: The phenomenological method was used. The experiences of university nursing students about their self-care when faced with drug use were described and interpreted. The subjects studied were chosen by non-probabilistic intentional sampling. Thirty key informants studying nursing at the University of Guayaquil were studied. The information of interest was collected through in-depth interviews with the prior consent of the participants. Results: The following categories of analysis were obtained: self-care according to the person concept, self-care according to the environment concept, self-care according to the health concept and self-care according to the nursing concept. Nursing students were shown to have the theoretical and scientific competencies for their self-care in relation to drug use. The person concept was highlighted, since the students felt vulnerable in terms of managing their self-esteem and controlling themselves. Conclusions: The university environment studied has negative influence on the disposition of drug-free consumption, which shows that bioethical behavior does meet the principles of the discipline(AU)

A new ranking scale for assessing leaching potential pollution from abandoned mining wastes based on the Mexican official leaching test.

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) present in abandoned mining wastes (AMW) are of great concern because of potential risks to human health and ecosystems. Indices of contamination (IC) applied to mining wastes are calculated using the total concentration of PTEs and comparing them with regional geochemical backgrounds. However, determining the total content of heavy metals is insufficient to assess the hazard of mining wastes. Therefore, in addition to total concentration, the potential risk is also evaluated through water mobility of elements. Accordingly, leaching procedures are useful tools for the geochemical characterization of soluble constituents that are mobilized. In this study, the solubility of PTEs from different types of mining wastes is comparatively assessed using three standard leaching methods (European; U.S. Geological Survey and; Mexican). The Hazard Average Quotient (HAQ) was calculated to assess the potential Toxicity Factor (TF). TF is an indicator of the relative potential toxicity of wastes and is the basis for the classification of AMW. A comparative assessment provides evidence that there are no statistically significant differences in PTEs solubility by the three leaching methods and it was also found that the pH of the eluates was dictated by the type of waste. Results suggest that the IC gives an indicator of the potential contamination of soils and sediments by erosive processes, or a long-term measure, whereas TF assesses the possibility of contaminating water in the short term. The most significant finding is the new ranking scale of TF, as a function of HAQ, applied to the Mexican standard leaching test. This factor, together with other considerations relating to risk-generating processes, might then be applied in places having large amounts of recorded AMW, such as the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America, where effective management is required to rank sites, based on preliminary environmental and human risk assessment.

Sala lúdica: La promoción de salud en enfermedades vectoriales eje integrador ante la deserción estudiantil Carrera de Enfermería Universidad de Guayaquil / Playroom: Health promotion in vector diseases integrating axis in the face of student dropout Nursing career University of Guayaquil

Las Enfermedades vectoriales, impulsan la responsabilidad social de las instituciones de Educación Superior, sensibilizando al estudiante en formación, hacia la promoción de salud en atención a las poblaciones más vulnerables. El diseño de materiales bioeducativos como actividad asociada a la Sala Lúdica que permite ofrecer una acción integradora ante la deserción estudiantil del sector universitario, quienes al enfrentar una maternidad/paternidad durante su escolaridad corren el riesgo de abandonar sus carreras.Ni las universidades ni el Estado cuentan con infraestructura, políticas, estatutos que permitan brindar el apoyo necesario. Por lo que se propuso al determinar la deserción de madres/padres universitarios de la carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad de Guayaquil verificar la implementación de la Sala Lúdica como un eje integrador que desde la promoción de salud atienda la deserción estudiantil. Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, experimental, con enfoque descriptivo y cohorte restrospectivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 169 estudiantes matriculados. Se observó una distribución de frecuencia de 24% graduados, 43% desertores y 34% repitientes, dentro del grupo de repitientes, la causa de mayor frecuencia fue el cuidado de hijos en 31%. El porcentaje de disposición para la utilización del servicio de Sala lúdica fue de 90%, con un 73% de aceptación del diseño de materiales bioeducativos para la prevención de las enfermedades vectoriales, resultando el dengue con una incidencia del 87% como temática. Igualmente, un 84% de los desertores retomarían sus estudios. Como conclusión una Sala Lúdica constituye un eje integrador de promoción de salud en enfermedades vectoriales disminuyendo la deserción de madres/padres universitarios(AU)

Vector Diseases, promote the social responsibility of Higher Education institutions, sensitizing the student in training, to wards the promotion of health in attention to the most vulnerable populations. The design of bioeducational materials as an activity associated with the Playroom that allowsus to offer an integrative action in the face of student desertion from the university sector, who when facing maternity / paternity during their schooling run the risk of abandoning their careers. Neither the universities nor the State have infrastructure, policies, statutes that allow them to provide the necessary support. Therefore, when determining the desertion of university mothers / fathers from the Nursing career of the University of Guayaquil, it was proposed to verify the implementation of the Playroom as an integrating axis that, from the health promotion, addresses student desertion. A quantitative, experimental study was carried out, with a descriptive approach and a retrospective cohort. The sample consisted of 169 registered students. A frequency distribution of 24% graduates, 43% dropouts and 34% repeaters was observed; within the group of repeaters, the most frequent cause was child care in 31%. The percentage of willingness to use the playroom service was 90%, with 73% acceptance of the design of bioeducational materials for the prevention of vector diseases, resulting in dengue with an incidence of 87% as a theme. Similarly, 84% of the drop outs would resume their studies. In conclusion, a Playroom constitutes an integrating axis of health promotion in vector diseases, reducing the dropout rate of university mothers / fathers(AU)

Bioethical foundations application for practice of critical care in ICU patients

Introducción: Los pacientes en estado crítico en su mayoría no están ubicados en tiempo, espacio y persona, e incluso algunos están inconscientes, lo cual los hace vulnerables a la actuación moral y ética de sus cuidadores. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento bioético de enfermería en el cuidado del paciente en la unidad de cuidados intensivo del Hospital de Especialidades de Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Ecuador. Métodos: Se trató de una investigación con enfoque cualitativo, de tipo etnografía clínica, para lo cual se seleccionaron cuatro enfermeras que trabajan en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de dicho hospital. La información fue recogida con entrevistas abiertas e interpretadas a través de un proceso de categorización. Resultados: Los resultados muestran las siguientes categorías: Primero, que el compromiso en la relación enfermera-paciente al momento de proporcionar atención en las unidades críticas refleja una cualidad moral de cuidado bioético y humanizante. Segundo, que las actitudes de empatía y aceptación del paciente como sujeto receptor del cuidado reconocen los valores bioéticos y humanizantes. Tercero, existe comprensión emocional, social y cultural de lo que significa estar en una situación de cuidados críticos según la perspectiva del paciente y su familia. Conclusiones: Se confirma que la bioética del cuidado de enfermería es una reflexión racional y crítica de los valores humanos implícitos en la percepción de satisfacción de las necesidades del paciente crítico, lo cual conlleva a proporcionar un cuidado con calidez, con disposición de comprenderlo y hacerlo sentir confortable, permitiendo establecer vínculos humanos entre paciente-enfermera (AU)

Introduction: Most critically ill patients are not located in time, space and person, and even some are unconscious, which makes them vulnerable to moral and ethical performance of their caregivers. Objective: To describe the nursing bioethical behavior in the patient care in intensive care unit of Guayaquil Specialty Hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón , Ecuador. Methods: This was a qualitative research, of a clinical ethnography type, for which four nurses working in intensive care unit of said hospital were selected. The information was collected with open interviews and interpreted through a categorization process. Results: The results show the following categories: First, that the commitment in nurse-patient relationship when providing care in the critical units reflects a moral quality of bioethical and humanizing care. Second, that empathy attitudes and patient acceptance as a recipient of care recognize bioethical and humanizing values. Third, there is emotional, social and cultural understanding of what it means to be in a critical care situation according to patient perspective and his family. Conclusions: It is confirmed that nursing care bioethics is a rational and critical reflection of human values implicit in the needs satisfaction perception of critical patient, which entails to provide care with warmth, with a disposition to understand it and to do it feel comfortable, allowing to establish human links between patient-nurse (AU)

Safety, efficacy and acceptability of outpatient mifepristone-misoprostol medical abortion through 70 days since last menstrual period in public sector facilities in Mexico City.

Extensive evidence exists regarding the efficacy and acceptability of medical abortion through 63 days since last menstrual period (LMP). In Mexico City's Secretariat of Health (SSDF) outpatient facilities, mifepristone-misoprostol medical abortion is the first-line approach for abortion care in this pregnancy range. Recent research demonstrates continued high rates of complete abortion through 70 days LMP. To expand access to legal abortion services in Mexico City (where abortion is legal through 12 weeks LMP), this study sought to assess the efficacy and acceptability of the standard outpatient approach through 70 days in two SSDF points of service. One thousand and one women seeking pregnancy termination were enrolled and given 200 mg mifepristone followed by 800 µg misoprostol 24-48 hours later. Women were asked to return to the clinic one week later for evaluation. The great majority of women (93.3%; 95% CI: 91.6-94.8) had complete abortions. Women with pregnancies ≤ 8 weeks LMP had significantly higher success rates than women in the 9th or 10th weeks (94.9% vs. 90.5%; p = 0.01). The difference in success rates between the 9th and 10th weeks was not significant (90.0% vs. 91.2%; p = 0.71). The majority of women found the side effects (82.9%) and the use of misoprostol (84.4%) to be very acceptable or acceptable. This study provides additional evidence supporting an extended outpatient medical abortion regimen through 10 weeks LMP.

Diversity for chemical composition in a collection of different varietal types of tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.), an Andean exotic fruit.

We evaluated 23 tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) accessions from five cultivar groups and one wild relative (Solanum cajanumense) for 26 composition traits. For all traits we found highly significant differences (P<0.001) among the materials studied. The high diversity found within S. betaceum for composition traits was matched by a high diversity within each of the cultivar groups. We found that sucrose and citric acid were the most important soluble sugar and organic acid, respectively, in tree tomato. Fruit in the anthocyanin pigmented (purple) group had a carotenoid content similar to that in the yellow-orange cultivar groups. Total phenolic content was significantly correlated (r=0.8607) with antioxidant activity. Analyses of mineral content showed that tree tomato is a good source of K, Mg, and Cu. Multivariate principal components analysis (PCA) confirmed that an important diversity exists within each cultivar group. The results we have obtained indicate that the high diversity found within the tree tomato could be exploited for selection and breeding for developing the tree tomato as a commercial crop.