ABSTRACT
Several striatal toxins can be used to induce motor disruption. One example is MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), whose toxicity is accepted as a murine model of parkinsonism. Recently, 3-Thienylboronic acid (3TB) was found to produce motor disruption and biased neuronal damage to basal ganglia in mice. The aim of this study was to examine the toxic effects of four boronic acids with a close structural relationship to 3TB (all having a five-membered cycle), as well as boric acid and 3TB. These boron-containing compounds were compared to MPTP regarding brain access, morphological disruption of the CNS, and behavioral manifestations of such disruption. Data was collected through acute toxicity evaluations, motor behavior tests, necropsies, determination of neuronal survival by immunohistochemistry, Raman spectroscopic analysis of brain tissue, and HPLC measurement of dopamine in substantia nigra and striatum tissue. Each compound showed a distinct profile for motor disruption. For example, motor activity was not disrupted by boric acid, but was decreased by two boronic acids (caused by a sedative effect). 3TB, 2-Thienyl and 2-furanyl boronic acid gave rise to shaking behavior. The various manifestations generated by these compounds can be linked, in part, to different levels of dopamine (measured by HPLC) and degrees of neuronal damage in the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Clearly, motor disruption is not induced by all boronic acids with a five-membered cycle as substituent. Possible explanations are given for the diverse chemico-morphological changes and degrees of disruption of the motor system, considering the role of boron and the structure-toxicity relationship.
Subject(s)
Boronic Acids/chemistry , Boronic Acids/toxicity , Brain/metabolism , Dopamine/metabolism , Tremor/chemically induced , Tremor/pathology , 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology , Animals , Brain/drug effects , Brain/pathology , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Disease Models, Animal , Exploratory Behavior/drug effects , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neurons/drug effects , Neurons/pathology , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/metabolismABSTRACT
To detect IgG antibodies to Taenia solium, a controlled double-blind study was conducted using 91 coded cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with neurocysticercosis (NCC) and other neurologic disorders. Samples were tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using metacestode excretion/secretion antigens. The results were correlated with data from medical records on the diagnosis of NCC (based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging criteria) and other neurologic disorders. The ELISA results were positive in 22 of the 24 cases with active NCC. In contrast, six cases with calcified cysts (inactive NCC), as well as one case in a transitional stage, were negative. One case with a calcified granuloma and another with a granuloma plus calcifications (classified as inactive NCC) had positive results. The remaining negative results corresponded to other neurologic disorders (58 cases). The results of the ELISA showed a significant difference between active and inactive NCC (P = 0.0034).
Subject(s)
Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis , Taenia/isolation & purification , Animals , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Diagnosis, Differential , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Neurocysticercosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Neurocysticercosis/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Antecedentes. El factor de crecimiento hepatocítico (HGF) es una citocina multifuncional que promueve proliferación, motilidad y morfogénesis de células epiteliales. Algunos tumores malignos como el cáncer de mama, broncopulmonar y el miolema múltiple pueden sobreexpresarla al igual que su receptor. El HGF ha sido detectado en astrocitos normales. Los tumores gliales más frecuentes son los astrocitomas malignos con un sobrevida media de 9 meses para glioblastoma multiforma (GBM), y de 3 años para el astrocitoma anáplasico (AA), pronóstico que no se ha modificado en las últimas tres décadas.Objetivos. Determinar la concentración intratumoral de HGF en neoplasias intracraneales y correlacionarlas con el pronóstico, recurrencia, ploliferación celular y densidad vascular.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms , Hepatocyte Growth Factor , Research Personnel , ResearchABSTRACT
To study the immune response within the subarachnoid space in patients with neurocysticercosis, we measured the cerebrospinal fluid contents of immunoglobulins A, E, G, and M in 38 patients and the contents of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1b, IL-6 and IFN-gamma in 17 patients. The same measurements were made in 30 neurological patients without inflammatory or immune-mediated disorders. Each immunoglobulin and cytokine, including the gender and age of the patient, was compared by multiple regression analysis with the CSF contents of cells, protein and ELISA for cysticercal antigens. A direct correlation was found of IgM with cell content (p<0.058) and with ELISA values (p<0.027); of age with protein content (p<0.006); of IL-6 with protein content (p<0.018) and of IL-1b with ELISA values (p<0.004). An inverse correlation was found of glucose with ELISA values (p<0.008). A complex function of the immune response within the subarachonid space was observed: mean values of IgG, IgM, IgE and interleukins 1b and 6 were increased, whereas values of IgA, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were similar to those of controls
