ABSTRACT
Though context has yet to receive an unequivocal definition, it is a concept that frequently appears in research in children's knowledge and its construction. This article examines the scope and meaning of context in genetic psychology and social anthropology in order to better understand the relationship between children's construction of knowledge and the context in which it occurs. Meta-theoretical, theoretical and methodological complexities arise when the concept is analyzed in the two disciplines, and these will also be addressed herein. The fields of anthropology and constructive psychology are both affected by the relationship between the building of knowledge and the social practices surrounding this process. Finally, based on these empirical examinations, the article explores how research methodologies could incorporate the notion of context in research focused on the construction of knowledge.
Subject(s)
Anthropology , Child Development , Knowledge , Psychology, Developmental , Child , HumansABSTRACT
En este artículo reflexionamos acerca del proceso de investigación de los conocimientos sociales de los niños y niñas, a la luz de los abordajes de la psicología genética crítica y la antropología. El estudio está organizado en cinco partes. Primeramente, analizamos los supuestos epistémicos que orientan las prácticas de investigación sobre los conocimientos. A partir de allí, discutimos la influencia de los marcos epistémicos sobre la elaboración de las unidades de análisis, revisando las propuestas en el campo de la psicología del desarrollo y en la antropología. Luego nos centramos en la problemática de las entrevistas en las aproximaciones etnográficas y psicológicas, para, más adelante, explicitar de qué manera incorporamos las diferentes herramientas metodológicas en nuestras investigaciones empíricas. Por último, presentamos las principales conclusiones a las que hemos arribado.
The aim of this paper is to analyze and discuss some of the epistemological perspectives used in research on children’s social knowledge based on anthropological and psychogenetic approaches, in order to integrate contributions from both disciplinary fields. Firstly, the authors review the epistemological framework that guides the studies the construction of knowledge. This is followed by a discussion of the core characteristics of the units of analysis created for the study, including a basic review of social anthropology concepts and Piaget’s psychogenetic theory. The authors explore the role of interviews based on the critical clinical method, with the aim of identifying their potential as well as limitations. Finally, the main conclusions of the study are presented.
Neste artigo refletimos sobre o processo de pesquisa a respeito dos conhecimentos sociais de meninos e meninas à luz das abordagens da psicologia genética crítica e da antropologia. Este estudo está organizado em cinco partes. Primeiramente, analisamos os supostos epistemicos que orientam as práticas da pesquisa sobre conhecimentos. A partir daí, discute-se a incidencia dos marcos epistemicos sobre a definição das unidades de análise, revisando as propostas no campo da psicologia do desenvolvimento e da antropologia. Depois, nos centramos na problemática das entrevistas em pesquisas etnográficas e psicológicas, para explicitar de que maneira incorporamos as diferentes ferramentas metodológicas em nossas pesquisas empíricas. Por último, apresentamos as principais conclusões às quais chegamos.
Subject(s)
Research , Child , Anthropology , GeneticsABSTRACT
En este artículo reflexionamos acerca del proceso de investigación de los conocimientos sociales de los niños y niñas, a la luz de los abordajes de la psicología genética crítica y la antropología. El estudio está organizado en cinco partes. Primeramente, analizamos los supuestos epistémicos que orientan las prácticas de investigación sobre los conocimientos. A partir de allí, discutimos la influencia de los marcos epistémicos sobre la elaboración de las unidades de análisis, revisando las propuestas en el campo de la psicología del desarrollo y en la antropología. Luego nos centramos en la problemática de las entrevistas en las aproximaciones etnográficas y psicológicas, para, más adelante, explicitar de qué manera incorporamos las diferentes herramientas metodológicas en nuestras investigaciones empíricas. Por último, presentamos las principales conclusiones a las que hemos arribado...
Subject(s)
Humans , Anthropology , PsychologyABSTRACT
We analyze different methodological and conceptual contributions of anthropology and psychogenetic theory to the research of children's religious knowledge. We argue that for the study of children's points of view it is possible to build an approach that links aspects studied by both disciplinary fields. With this aim, we revise some of their basic theoretical assumptions and recent reviews as well as their methodological proposals. Then we review the core characteristics of ethnography and the clinical-critical method-proposed by Piaget's psychogenetic theory-with the goal of stressing their potentialities as well as their limitations in research. We argue that within an ethnographic approach, we must establish certain restrictions on the clinical-critical method following basic premises of social anthropology. This approach lets us demonstrate the importance of understanding children's constructions by placing them within social relations that children produce and update in everyday interactions.
