ABSTRACT
Introducción: La reconstrucción de base de cráneo constituye uno de los mayores retos de la cirugía endoscópica endonasal expandida. Existen multitud de injertos y colgajos de origen endonasal que han demostrado su utilidad en el control de complicaciones como las fístulas de LCR, entre otras. Se hace necesaria la revisión y el análisis de los recursos endonasales y su uso en cirugía endoscópica endonasal expandida.ObjetivosDocumento de consenso sobre el uso de los distintos injertos y colgajos de origen endonasal y su uso en cirugía endoscópica endonasal expandida.Material y métodosRevisión bibliográfica sobre los injertos libres y colgajos vascularizados de origen endonasal más relevantes. Análisis mediante el método Delphi, sobre el uso de los distintos recursos endonasales para la reparación endoscópica de defectos de base de cráneo.ResultadosSe obtuvieron dos resultados. 1) Una selección de los colgajos e injertos de origen endonasal más representativos, describiendo origen, superficie e indicaciones, a partir de una revisión bibliográfica. 2) Un documento de consenso, utilizando la metodología Delphi, con las consideraciones generales (2), recomendaciones (10) y limitaciones (6) sobre el uso de los distintos colgajos e injertos de origen endonasal.ConclusionesPresentamos el primer documento de consenso en el campo de la cirugía endoscópica endonasal utilizando el método Delphi como herramienta de trabajo. Se destaca la utilidad del colgajo nasoseptal junto con el resto de colgajos e injertos de origen endonasal para la cirugía reconstructiva de base de cráneo. (AU)
Introduction: Skull base reconstruction is one of the greatest challenges extended endonasal endoscopic surgery. Many grafts and flaps from the endonasal fossa have been demonstrated to be useful in the control of complications such a cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Review and analysis of these resources are necessary in skull base recontruction to improve outcomes.ObjectivesThe target is to create a consensus document on the use of different endonasal flaps and grafts in the skull base surgery.Material and methodsLiterature review of the most relevant free grafts and vascularized flaps from the endonasal fossa. Analysis using the Delphi method on the use of the different endonasal resources for endoscopic repair of skull base defects.ResultsWe obtained two results: 1) A selection of the most representative flaps and grafts from the endonasal fossa, describing origin, surface and indications, based on a literature review. 2) A consensus document, using Delphi methodology, with general considerations (2), recommendations (10) and limitations (6) of the different endonasal flaps and grafts.ConclusionsWe present the first consensus document in the field of extended endonasal endoscopic surgery using the Delphi method as a working tool. We highlight the usefulness of the nasoseptal flap together with other endonasal flaps and grafts for skull base reconstruction. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , General Surgery , Transplants , Fistula , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Consensus Development Conferences as TopicABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Skull base reconstruction is one of the greatest challenges extended endonasal endoscopic surgery. Many grafts and flaps from the endonasal fossa have been demonstrated to be useful in the control of complications such a cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Review and analysis of these resources are necessary in skull base recontruction to improve outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The target is to create a consensus document on the use of different endonasal flaps and grafts in the skull base surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Literature review of the most relevant free grafts and vascularized flaps from the endonasal fossa. Analysis using the Delphi method on the use of the different endonasal resources for endoscopic repair of skull base defects. RESULTS: We obtained two results: 1) A selection of the most representative flaps and grafts from the endonasal fossa, describing origin, surface and indications, based on a literature review. 2) A consensus document, using Delphi methodology, with general considerations (2), recommendations (10) and limitations (6) of the different endonasal flaps and grafts. CONCLUSIONS: We present the first consensus document in the field of extended endonasal endoscopic surgery using the Delphi method as a working tool. We highlight the usefulness of the nasoseptal flap together with other endonasal flaps and grafts for skull base reconstruction.
Subject(s)
Plastic Surgery Procedures , Consensus , Humans , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Retrospective Studies , Skull Base/surgery , Surgical Flaps/surgeryABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Skull base reconstruction is one of the greatest challenges extended endonasal endoscopic surgery. Many grafts and flaps from the endonasal fossa have been demonstrated to be useful in the control of complications such a cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Review and analysis of these resources are necessary in skull base recontruction to improve outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The target is to create a consensus document on the use of different endonasal flaps and grafts in the skull base surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Literature review of the most relevant free grafts and vascularized flaps from the endonasal fossa. Analysis using the Delphi method on the use of the different endonasal resources for endoscopic repair of skull base defects. RESULTS: We obtained two results: 1) A selection of the most representative flaps and grafts from the endonasal fossa, describing origin, surface and indications, based on a literature review. 2) A consensus document, using Delphi methodology, with general considerations (2), recommendations (10) and limitations (6) of the different endonasal flaps and grafts. CONCLUSIONS: We present the first consensus document in the field of extended endonasal endoscopic surgery using the Delphi method as a working tool. We highlight the usefulness of the nasoseptal flap together with other endonasal flaps and grafts for skull base reconstruction.
ABSTRACT
Background The use of vascularized flap to reconstruct the skull base defects has dramatically changed the postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak rates allowing the expansion of endoscopic skull base procedures. At present, there is insufficient scientific evidence to permit identification of the optimal reconstruction technique after the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA). Objective The main purpose of this article is to establish the risk factors for failure in the reconstruction after EEA and whether the use of a surgical reconstruction protocol can improve the surgical results. Material and Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in our institution, selecting patients that underwent EEA with intraoperative CSF leak. Two reconstructive protocols were defined based on different reconstructive techniques; both were vascularized but one monolayer and the other multilayer. A multivariate analysis was performed with outcome variable presentation of postoperative leak. Results One hundred one patients were included in the study. Patients reconstructed with protocol 1, with the diagnosis different to the pituitary adenoma and older than 45 years old had higher risk of presenting postoperative leak, and with statistically significant differences when we adjusted for the remaining variables. Conclusion The vascularized reconstructions after endoscopic endonasal skull base approaches have demonstrated to be able to obtain a low rate of postoperative CSF leak. The multilayer vascularized technique may provide a more evolved technique, even reducing the postoperative leak rates comparing with the monolayer vascularized one. The reconstructive protocol employed in each case, as well as age and histological diagnosis, is independent risk factor for presenting postoperative leak.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Meckel's cave is an anatomically complex region that can be approached surgically via several routes, namely the posterolateral, lateral, anterolateral, and, due to recent advancements, anteromedial routes, with the latter being represented by the expanded endonasal approaches. METHOD: We describe in detail the surgical technique of the suprapetrous endonasal approach to Meckel's cave and highlight the main anatomical key elements involved in this approach as well as the technical aspects for avoiding surgical complications. CONCLUSION: The suprapetrous endonasal approach to Meckel's cave avoids the brain tissue retraction, and thereby prevents postoperative brain edema.
