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1.
Microorganisms ; 12(9)2024 Aug 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39338442

ABSTRACT

Once a patient has been diagnosed with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, treatment options have limited effectiveness. Opaganib is an oral treatment under investigation being evaluated for treatment of hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 2/3 trial was conducted in 57 sites worldwide from August 2020 to July 2021. Patients received either opaganib (n = 230; 500 mg twice daily) or matching placebo (n = 233) for 14 days. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients no longer requiring supplemental oxygen by day 14. Secondary outcomes included changes in the World Health Organization Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement, viral clearance, intubation, and mortality at 28 and 42 days. Pre-specified primary and secondary outcome analyses did not demonstrate statistically significant benefit (except nominally for time to viral clearance). Post-hoc analysis revealed the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) at baseline was prognostic for opaganib treatment responsiveness and corresponded to disease severity markers. Patients with FIO2 levels at or below the median value (≤60%) had better outcomes after opaganib treatment (n = 117) compared to placebo (n = 134). The proportion of patients with ≤60% FIO2 at baseline that no longer required supplemental oxygen (≥24 h) by day 14 of opaganib treatment increased (76.9% vs. 63.4%; nominal p-value = 0.033). There was a 62.6% reduction in intubation/mechanical ventilation (6.84% vs. 17.91%; nominal p-value = 0.012) and a clinically meaningful 62% reduction in mortality (5.98% vs. 16.7%; nominal p-value = 0.019) by day 42. No new safety concerns were observed. While the primary analyses were not statistically significant, post-hoc analysis suggests opaganib benefit for patients with severe COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen with an FIO2 of ≤60%. Further studies are warranted to prospectively confirm opaganib benefit in this subpopulation.

2.
CES med ; 35(2): 135-145, mayo-ago. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364609

ABSTRACT

Resumen La trombosis séptica de la vena porta es una complicación infrecuente de la diverticulitis, la apendicitis y de otras infecciones intraabdominales. Se asocia a elevadas tasas de complicaciones, como isquemia mesentérica, absceso hepático, hipertensión portal o muerte. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 67 años quien consultó por fiebre, dolor abdominal e ictericia, y en quien se documentó bacteriemia por Escherichia coli y Streptococcus dysgalactiae. En las imágenes se identificó trombosis de la porta hepática secundaria a enfermedad diverticular aguda, lo que configura un diagnóstico de pileflebitis séptica. El paciente recibió terapia antibiótica dirigida, sin anticoagulación, obteniéndose adecuada respuesta clínica. Se realiza una discusión sobre el diagnóstico, etiología y tratamiento de la trombosis séptica portal.


Abstract Septic thrombosis of the portal vein is a rare complication of diverticulitis, appendicitis and other intra-abdominal infections; it is associated with high rates of complications, such as mesenteric ischemia, liver abscess, portal hypertension or death. We present the case of a 67-year-old patient who consulted for fever, abdominal pain and jaundice, and in whom Escherichia coli and Streptococcus dysgalactiae bacteremia was documented; images showed hepatic portal thrombosis secondary to acute diverticular disease, which configures a diagnosis of septic pylephlebitis. The patient received targeted antibiotic therapy without anticoagulation, with adequate clinical response. The diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of portal septic thrombosis are discussed.

3.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol;86(2): 235-240, abr. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388642

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN la listeriosis, aunque es una infección infrecuente, debe ser considerada en pacientes inmunocomprometidos y gestantes, especialmente en aquellos que consumen alimentos crudos o productos lácteos no pasteurizados, lo que pone en riesgo a un gran número de mujeres embarazadas en países de habla hispana. Es importante que el médico considere su inclusión en los posibles diagnósticos diferenciales cuando la sospecha clínica lo amerite, lo que permitirá hacer un diagnóstico temprano y por lo tanto un tratamiento oportuno, evitando así las posibles complicaciones en el binomio madre-hijo. CASO CLÍNICO clínico multigestante, con embarazo de 33 + 5 semanas, que ingresó a una institución de alto nivel de complejidad en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, por síndrome febril asociado a sepsis obstétrica debido a infección intraamniótica por Listeria monocytogenes, que requirió cesárea de urgencia, en donde se evidenció un desprendimiento placentario del 100 % secundario al proceso infeccioso y asociado a complicaciones neonatales. CONCLUSIONES: el diagnóstico de listeriosis gestacional supone un reto clínico por su presentación inespecífica y baja incidencia. Sin embargo, las consecuencias obstétricas arrastran una gran morbilidad de la madre y morbi-mortalidad neonatal, lo que hace de suma importancia que el clínico lo tenga presente en su arsenal diagnóstico, ya que una vez diagnosticado, el tratamiento oportuno tiene desenlaces clínicos favorables.


INTRODUCTION: although listeriosis is a rare infection, it should be considered in immunocompromised patients and pregnancy, especially in those who consume raw food or unpasteurized dairy, which puts a large number of pregnant women in Hispanic countries at risk. It is of special importance for physicians to include listeriosis among possible diagnoses when clinical suspicion arises in order to timely treat it and thus avoid the complications that may occur in the mother-child binomial. CLINICAL CASE: a pregnant woman (33 + 5 weeks) with multiple gestations, was admitted to a high level of complexity institution in the city of Medellín, Colombia, presenting a febrile syndrome associated with obstetric sepsis due to intra-amniotic infection by Listeria monocytogenes, which required emergency cesarean section where a 100 % placental abruption was evidenced secondary to the infectious process and associated with neonatal complications. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of gestational listeriosis is a clinical challenge due to its nonspecific presentation and low incidence. However, the obstetric consequences drag a great maternal morbidity and neonatal morbidity and mortality, which is why it is important for physicians to consider this in the diagnostic arsenal because once diagnosed, the appropriate treatment has favorable clinical outcomes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/etiology , Abruptio Placentae/etiology , Listeriosis/complications , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/therapy , Cesarean Section , Chorioamnionitis/etiology , Sepsis , Emergencies , Listeriosis/therapy , Listeria monocytogenes
4.
Arch. med ; 15(1): 151-157, jun. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-776047

ABSTRACT

La endocarditis infecciosa (EI) es generada por microorganismos de la superficie endocárdiaca, llevando posteriormente a la formación de vegetaciones. Es más comúnmente causada por organismos gram positivos, tales como Staphylococcus yStreptococcus; los gram negativos son culpables de alrededor del 10% de todos los casos de endocarditis. Menos del 2% de las endocarditis infecciosas son causadas por gérmenes gram negativos no HACEK (Hemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium,Eikenella, y Kingella), incluyendo Pseudomonas aeruginosa; esta última afecta principalmente a pacientes inmunocomprometidos, conduciendo a infecciones nosocomiales severas, con altas tasas de morbi-mortalidad, y se asocia con usuariosde drogas intravenosas, infecciones por catéter y enfermedad valvular protésica.Los orígenes comunes han sido los tractos respiratorio, urinario o infecciones del torrente sanguíneo. Nosotros describimos el caso de un paciente masculino, de73 años de edad, inmunocompetente, quien presentó endocarditis infecciosa en laválvula aórtica protésica.


Subject(s)
Aortic Valve , Endocarditis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa
5.
Rev. med. Risaralda ; 20(1): 57-59, ene.-jun. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-729641

ABSTRACT

La histoplasmosis es una micosis causada por el hongo dimorfo Histoplasma capsulatum. El síndrome hemofagocítico es una enfermedad potencialmente mortal causada por la activación inapropiada de linfocitos y macrófagos, que conduce a daño celular en múltiples órganos y sistemas. Describimos el caso de un paciente masculino de 46 años de edad, con infección VIH/SIDA, con fiebre, disnea, pérdida de peso y pancitopenia, quien presenta un síndrome hemofagocítico secundario a una histoplasmosis diseminada, diagnóstico este realizado por estudios de médula ósea.


Histoplasmosis is a mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Hemophagocytic syndrome is a potentially lethal condition caused by inappropriate activation of lymphocytes and macrophages, leading to cellular damage in multiple organs and systems. We describe the case of a male patient 46 years old with HIV Infection/AIDS, with fever, dyspnea, diarrhea, weight loss and pancytopenia, who presents a disseminated histoplasmosis with a secondary HFS, this diagnosis made by bone marrow studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic , Histoplasmosis , Mycoses , Pancytopenia , HIV Infections , Diarrhea , Fever , Histoplasma , Infections , Macrophages
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