ABSTRACT
The presence of low concentrations of persistent pollutants in waters (µg/L or ng/L), also called micropollutants, brings as a consequence the need to apply advanced oxidation treatments for their removal. The successful application of solar-driven photo-Fenton to treat highly polluted wastewaters (g/L and mg/L of pollutants) has prompted its application to lowly polluted effluents. However, a decrease in contaminant concentration may involve an alteration in the intrinsic process phenomenon, which until now has only been widely studied at the milligram-per-litre level or higher with this process. The aim of this research was to study the combined influence of the operating variable (iron concentration) and the environmental variable (irradiance) and application on the photo-Fenton process at pH2.8 when removing micropollutants. For this purpose, experimentation was carried out at laboratory and pilot plant scales with a biocide mixture of acetamiprid (ACTM), thiabendazole (TBZ) and imazalil (IMZ) (100 µg/L each) as the model pollutant. Results indicated that above 15 WUV/m(2) and a light path length of 5 cm (the most commonly used path for this type of application) iron concentration limited the process and there was irradiance excess under these conditions. On the other hand, and given the circumstances of irradiance excess, a higher light path length (10 cm) was assessed. Results showed that path lengths wider than 5 cm are recommended since more wastewater volume could be treated with a higher process rate per surface unit.
Subject(s)
Photochemical Processes , Waste Disposal, Fluid/methods , Wastewater/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistry , Iron/chemistry , SunlightABSTRACT
Con el uso indiscriminado de los antimicrobianos se incrementa la resistencia. La velocidad de adaptación de los microorganismos es mayor que la de obtención de nuevos antimicrobianos.Objetivo: aplicar y validar estrategias, políticas y protocolos dinámicos, que permitan un uso racional y adecuado de los antimicrobianos. Método: se elaboró un protocolo dinámico para el uso adecuado de antimicrobianos, estableciéndose rotaciones a partir del comportamiento de la resistencia de los microorganismos y los mapas microbiológicos trimestrales. Con datos recopilados, se evalúa el comportamiento de la resistencia y el consumo de antimicrobianos desde el 2007 al 2009 para validar el protocolo establecido. Resultados: el estudio no paramétrico no aporta resultados concluyentes respecto a los cambios que se buscan. Los clúster revelan tres patrones para los antimicrobianos estudiados. La penicilina y el ceftriaxona son los de mayor consumo y alcanzan en el 2009 el 100 por ciento de resistencia. El análisis gráfico muestra que decrece el consumo al incrementarse la resistencia. Conclusiones: Con estos resultados se demuestra que ha sido efectiva la aplicación del protocolo dinámico durante el período de estudio en la sala de infecciones respiratorias y es recomendable su generalización centros asistenciales que puedan controlar las variables que aquí se estudian (AU)
Resistance increases with the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. The speed of microorganisms'adaption is greater than new antimicrobials obtaining. Objective: to implement and to validate strategies, policies and dynamic protocols, allowing a rational and appropriate use of antimicrobials. Method: a dynamic protocol for the proper use of antimicrobials was developed establishing rotations from the behavior of antimicrobian resistance and microbial quarterly maps. With data collected, the behavior of resistance and consumption of antimicrobials from 2007 to 2009 was evaluated to give effect to the established protocol. Results: nonparametric study did not provide conclusive results on the changes are seeking. Penicillin and ceftriaxone are of higher consumption and reached in 2009, the 100 percent of resistance. Graphic analysis showed that consumption decreased to increase resistance.Conclusions: the use of dynamic protocol was effective during the study in the respiratory infections ward; the spread of dynamic protocol in care centers is recommended in order to control the variables of study (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Guidelines as Topic , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Validation Studies as Topic , Drug UtilizationABSTRACT
Con el uso indiscriminado de los antimicrobianos se incrementa la resistencia. La velocidad de adaptación de los microorganismos es mayor que la de obtención de nuevos antimicrobianos.Objetivo: aplicar y validar estrategias, políticas y protocolos dinámicos, que permitan un uso racional y adecuado de los antimicrobianos. Método: se elaboró un protocolo dinámico para el uso adecuado de antimicrobianos, estableciéndose rotaciones a partir del comportamiento de la resistencia de los microorganismos y los mapas microbiológicos trimestrales. Con datos recopilados, se evalúa el comportamiento de la resistencia y el consumo de antimicrobianos desde el 2007 al 2009 para validar el protocolo establecido. Resultados: el estudio no paramétrico no aporta resultados concluyentes respecto a los cambios que se buscan. Los clúster revelan tres patrones para los antimicrobianos estudiados. La penicilina y el ceftriaxona son los de mayor consumo y alcanzan en el 2009 el 100 por ciento de resistencia. El análisis gráfico muestra que decrece el consumo al incrementarse la resistencia. Conclusiones: Con estos resultados se demuestra que ha sido efectiva la aplicación del protocolo dinámico durante el período de estudio en la sala de infecciones respiratorias y es recomendable su generalización centros asistenciales que puedan controlar las variables que aquí se estudian
Resistance increases with the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. The speed of microorganisms'adaption is greater than new antimicrobials obtaining. Objective: to implement and to validate strategies, policies and dynamic protocols, allowing a rational and appropriate use of antimicrobials. Method: a dynamic protocol for the proper use of antimicrobials was developed establishing rotations from the behavior of antimicrobian resistance and microbial quarterly maps. With data collected, the behavior of resistance and consumption of antimicrobials from 2007 to 2009 was evaluated to give effect to the established protocol. Results: nonparametric study did not provide conclusive results on the changes are seeking. Penicillin and ceftriaxone are of higher consumption and reached in 2009, the 100 percent of resistance. Graphic analysis showed that consumption decreased to increase resistance.Conclusions: the use of dynamic protocol was effective during the study in the respiratory infections ward; the spread of dynamic protocol in care centers is recommended in order to control the variables of study
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Guidelines as Topic , Drug Utilization , Validation Studies as TopicSubject(s)
Humans , Child , Clinical Protocols/classification , Tuberculosis/pathology , Pathology, Clinical , Communicable Diseases, Emerging/prevention & control , Respiratory Tract Diseases/therapy , Cystic Fibrosis/therapy , Cystic Fibrosis/etiology , Pediatrics , Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiologySubject(s)
Humans , Child , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Epiglottis/pathology , Otitis Media/therapy , Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases/therapy , Clinical Protocols/classification , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Homeopathic Therapeutic Approaches , Risk Reduction Behavior , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Respiratory TherapySubject(s)
Humans , Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/etiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/etiology , Bacteria, Anaerobic , Bacteria, Aerobic/pathogenicity , Basic Homeopathic Research , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods , Drug Resistance , Uses of EpidemiologySubject(s)
Humans , Child , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Microbial , PediatricsABSTRACT
La uncinariasis es una parasitosis transmitida por el suelo que afecta aproximadamente a mil millones de personas en los países subdesarrollados. En el humano, esta enfermedad se caracteriza por verter grandes cantidades de sangre hacia el tubo digestivo del huésped. La hemorragia gastrointestinal grave debida a la infestación por Necator americanus es una complicación observada en niños pequeños; sin embargo, el íleo paralítico es un suceso muy raro y puede manifestarse como una urgencia quirúrgica. Se presentan los casos de dos niños que sufrieron peritonitis secundaria a uncinariasis. Uno de ellos sufrió además hemorragia grave. El otro, oclusión duodenal que requirió una duodenoyeyunoanastomosis laterolateral como procedimiento paliativo
