ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the time evolution of the rates of mortality due to motor vehicle traffic accidents (MVTA) injuries that occurred among the general population of Comunitat Valenciana between 1987 and 2011, as well as to identify trend changes by sex and age group. METHODS: An observational study of annual mortality trends between 1987 and 2011. We studied all deaths due to MVTA injuries that occurred during this period of time among the non-institutionalised population residing in Comunitat Valenciana (a Spanish Mediterranean region that had a population of 5,117,190 inhabitants in 2011). The rates of mortality due to MVTA injuries were calculated for each sex and year studied. These rates were standardised by age for the total population and for specific age groups using the direct method (age-standardised rate - ASR). Joinpoint regression models were used in order to detect significant trend changes. Additionally, the annual percentage change (APC) of the ASRs was calculated for each trend segment, which is reflected in statistically significant joinpoints. RESULTS: For all ages, ASRs decrease greatly in both men and women (70% decrease between 1990 and 2011). In 1990 and 2011, men have rates of 36.5 and 5.2 per 100,000 men/year, respectively. In the same years, women have rates of 8.0 and 0.9 per 100,000 women/year, respectively. This decrease reaches up to 90% in the age group 15-34 years in both men and women. ASR ratios for men and women increased over time for all ages: this ratio was 3.9 in 1987; 4.6 in 1990; and 5.8 in 2011. For both men and women, there is a first significant segment (p<0.05) with an increasing trend between 1987 and 1989-1990. After 1990, there are 3 segments with a significant decreasing APC (1990-1993, 1993-2005 and 2005-2011, in the case of men; and 1989-1996, 1999-2007 and 2007-2011, in the case of women). CONCLUSION: The risk of death due to motor vehicle traffic accidents injuries has decreased significantly, especially in the case of women, for the last 25 years in Comunitat Valenciana, mainly as of 2006. This may be a consequence of the road-safety measures that have been implemented in Spain and in Comunitat Valenciana since 2004. The economic crisis that this country has undergone since 2008 may have also been a contributing factor to this decrease. Despite the decrease, ASR ratios for men and women increased over time and it is still a high-risk cause of death among young men. It is thus important that the measures that helped decrease the risk of death are maintained and improved over time.
Subject(s)
Accidents, Traffic/mortality , Automobile Driving/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Motor Vehicles/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Safety , Spain/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
ObjetivoRealizar un análisis comparativo de la exhaustividad de los datos sobre mortalidad perinatal en la Comunitat Valenciana recogidos en el Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) y en el Registro de Mortalidad Perinatal (RMPCV). Posteriormente, calcular y comparar la tasa de mortalidad perinatal (TMP) y sus componentes en gestantes autóctonas e inmigrantes, tomando como referencia los casos notificados a ambos registros durante 2005 y 2006.MétodosSe definieron los distintos tipos de mortalidad de acuerdo con los criterios establecidos por la OMS. La magnitud de la infradeclaración se analizó calculando las frecuencias y porcentajes de muertes infradeclaradas para el período 20052006. Se calcularon y compararon las diversas tasas entre mujeres autóctonas e inmigrantes de los cuatro grupos mayoritarios a partir de ambos registros, así como los intervalos de confianza del 95% para dichas tasas.ResultadosEn el INE existe un importante subregistro de muertes fetales y neonatales. Además, constan neonatos fallecidos de madre extranjera con nacionalidad española asignada. Ambos factores distorsionan la proporción de muertes fetales y neonatales en inmigrantes, y provocan una infraestimación de la TMP y sus componentes en estos colectivos, pues las obtenidas a partir del RMPCV son muy superiores en las mujeres inmigrantes, en particular en las de Europa del Este y las subsaharianas, en comparación con las autóctonas.ConclusionesEn definitiva, nuestros resultados indican que ambos registros son complementarios, pero el RMPCV presenta una mayor exhaustividad y fiabilidad para el cálculo de tasas. Además, sugieren la necesidad de monitorizar la evolución de la TMP en la población inmigrante en España(AU)
ObjectiveTo analyze the exhaustiveness and reliability of the data on perinatal mortality in two Spanish registries, namely, the National Statistics Institute and the Perinatal Mortality Registry of the Valencian Community and to calculate and compare the perinatal mortality rate (PMR) and its components in native and immigrant women, based on the cases reported to both registries in 2005 and 2006.ResultsFetal and neonatal deaths were substantially underreported in the National Statistics Institute compared with the Perinatal Mortality Registry of the Valencian Community. Moreover, in the National Statistics Institute, some neonatal deaths among the offspring of immigrant women were misclassified as being of Spanish nationality. These two factors distorted the proportion of fetal and neonatal deaths in immigrant women, giving rise to an underestimation of the PMR and its components, since the rates obtained from the Perinatal Mortality Registry of the Valencian Community were higher in immigrant than in Spanish women, particularly among east-European and sub-Saharan women.ConclusionsOur results indicate that both registries are complementary. However, the Perinatal Mortality Registry of the Valencian Community was found to be more exhaustive and to have greater reliability. Our results also suggest the importance of monitoring trends in PMR in the immigrant population in Spain(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Emigration and Immigration , Fetal Death/epidemiology , Perinatal Mortality/trends , Registries/statistics & numerical data , Registries/standards , Reproducibility of Results , SpainABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the exhaustiveness and reliability of the data on perinatal mortality in two Spanish registries, namely, the National Statistics Institute and the Perinatal Mortality Registry of the Valencian Community and to calculate and compare the perinatal mortality rate (PMR) and its components in native and immigrant women, based on the cases reported to both registries in 2005 and 2006. METHODS: Perinatal mortality and its components were defined according to the World Health Organization's criteria. The magnitude of underreporting was calculated by taking into account the frequencies and percentages of deaths not declared for 2005-2006. Rates and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated and compared between native and immigrant women using data from both registries. RESULTS: Fetal and neonatal deaths were substantially underreported in the National Statistics Institute compared with the Perinatal Mortality Registry of the Valencian Community. Moreover, in the National Statistics Institute, some neonatal deaths among the offspring of immigrant women were misclassified as being of Spanish nationality. These two factors distorted the proportion of fetal and neonatal deaths in immigrant women, giving rise to an underestimation of the PMR and its components, since the rates obtained from the Perinatal Mortality Registry of the Valencian Community were higher in immigrant than in Spanish women, particularly among east-European and sub-Saharan women. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that both registries are complementary. However, the Perinatal Mortality Registry of the Valencian Community was found to be more exhaustive and to have greater reliability. Our results also suggest the importance of monitoring trends in PMR in the immigrant population in Spain.
Subject(s)
Emigration and Immigration , Fetal Death/epidemiology , Perinatal Mortality/trends , Registries/statistics & numerical data , Registries/standards , Female , Humans , Reproducibility of Results , SpainABSTRACT
This study describes the inequalities in preventable avoidable mortality in relation to socioeconomic levels and analyses their evolution during the period 1996-2003 in the cities of Alicante, Castellon and Valencia. Four causes of preventable avoidable mortality were analysed according to sex: malignant tumour of the trachea, bronchus and lung, cirrhosis and other chronic diseases of the liver, motor vehicle accidents and AIDS, which had caused the death of non-institutionalised residents in the three cities during the period 1996-2003. The different census tracts were grouped into three socioeconomic levels. In general, socioeconomic inequalities in preventable avoidable mortality remain constant in time, except the ones caused by AIDS in Valencia, where they increase for men. Some census tracts in the three cities where the study was carried out were found to have significantly higher preventable mortality rates, and therefore require intervention.
Subject(s)
Health Status Disparities , Mortality/trends , Social Class , Urban Population , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Assessment , Spain/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To analyze time trends and the geographical distribution of avoidable mortality in the autonomous community of Valencia and its health departments by sex in the periods 1990-1994, 1995-1999, and 2000-2004. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twenty-one causes of avoidable mortality were analyzed. The deaths analyzed corresponded to residents in the autonomous community of Valencia between 1990 and 2004. Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated using the direct method. To study time trends in the geographical area of interest for each period and sex, comparative mortality ratios were calculated. To analyze geographical distribution, standardized mortality rates were calculated by the indirect method. RESULTS: The total number of avoidable deaths was 38,061 (7.1% of overall deaths). Men accounted for 76.2% and women for 23.8%. By groups, 82.4% were preventable and 17.6% were treatable. Preventable deaths represented 86.5% of deaths in men and 69.4% of those in women. Avoidable mortality in Valencia significantly decreased in both sexes, this decrease being more marked in the group of treatable deaths and in men. Mortality from lung cancer in women significantly increased. Between 2000 and 2004, none of the health departments showed a significant excess of treatable mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In the autonomous community of Valencia, there was a greater decrease in avoidable mortality than in general mortality. The increase in lung cancer in women was notable.
Subject(s)
Mortality/trends , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Cause of Death , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Preventive Medicine , SpainABSTRACT
Objetivos: Estudiar la evolución temporal y la distribución geográfica de la mortalidad evitable en la Comunidad Valenciana y en sus Departamentos de Salud por sexo, en los períodos 1990-1994, 1995-1999 y 2000-2004. Material y método: Se han analizado 21 causas de mortalidad evitable agrupándolas en tratables y prevenibles. Las defunciones analizadas corresponden a residentes en la Comunidad Valenciana durante el período 1990-2004. Se han calculado las tasas ajustadas por edad (método directo) y las razones de mortalidad comparativas para el estudio de la evolución temporal en los ámbitos geográficos indicados por período y sexo. Las razones de mortalidad estandarizadas (método indirecto) se han utilizado en el análisis de la distribución geográfica. Resultados: El total de defunciones evitables son 38.061 (un 7,1% de la mortalidad global), el 76,2% corresponden a varones y el 23,8% a mujeres. Por grupos, el 82,4% son prevenibles y el 17,6% tratables. En varones, las prevenibles representan un 86,5%, y en mujeres un 69,4%. En la Comunidad Valenciana se observan descensos significativos de la mortalidad evitable en ambos sexos, más acusados en las tratables, y en hombres. La mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón en mujeres presenta un aumento significativo. En 2000-2004 ningún departamento de salud presenta excesos de mortalidad estadísticamente significativos en las tratables. Conclusiones: La mortalidad evitable desciende más que la mortalidad general en la Comunidad Valenciana. Cabe destacar el aumento de la mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón en las mujeres
Objectives: To analyze time trends and the geographical distribution of avoidable mortality in the autonomous community of Valencia and its health departments by sex in the periods 1990-1994, 1995-1999, and 2000-2004. Material and method: Twenty-one causes of avoidable mortality were analyzed. The deaths analyzed corresponded to residents in the autonomous community of Valencia between 1990 and 2004. Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated using the direct method. To study time trends in the geographical area of interest for each period and sex, comparative mortality ratios were calculated. To analyze geographical distribution, standardized mortality rates were calculated by the indirect method. Results: The total number of avoidable deaths was 38,061 (7.1% of overall deaths). Men accounted for 76.2% and women for 23.8%. By groups, 82.4% were preventable and 17.6% were treatable. Preventable deaths represented 86.5% of deaths in men and 69.4% of those in women. Avoidable mortality in Valencia significantly decreased in both sexes, this decrease being more marked in the group of treatable deaths and in men. Mortality from lung cancer in women significantly increased. Between 2000 and 2004, none of the health departments showed a significant excess of treatable mortality. Conclusions: In the autonomous community of Valencia, there was a greater decrease in avoidable mortality than in general mortality. The increase in lung cancer in women was notable
