ABSTRACT
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a well-known veterinary pathogen, but its implication in human disease is probably not fully recognized. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of 36 B. bronchiseptica isolates from respiratory samples of 22 patients. Therefore, we describe microbiological characteristics, including phenotypic and genotypic identification as well as antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates. Clonal relatedness was evaluated using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Most of the patients had some underlying immunosuppressive condition. Eighteen out of 22 (82%) patients had respiratory symptoms, and the death of 2 patients was associated with respiratory infection.All strains were correctly identified at species level by the simultaneous use of phenotypic methods and were confirmed by specific amplification of the upstream region of the fla gene. Tigecycline, minocycline, doxycycline, colistin, and meropenem were the most active agents tested. PFGE analysis revealed that repeated infections involving each patient had been caused by the same strain.
Subject(s)
Bordetella Infections/diagnosis , Bordetella Infections/pathology , Bordetella bronchiseptica/isolation & purification , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Bordetella Infections/microbiology , Bordetella bronchiseptica/classification , Bordetella bronchiseptica/drug effects , Bordetella bronchiseptica/genetics , Cluster Analysis , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Female , Genotype , Humans , Infant , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Middle Aged , Molecular Typing , Phenotype , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Recurrent bloodstream infections caused by a Gram-positive bacterium affected an immunocompromised child. Tsukamurella pulmonis was the microorganism identified by secA1 gene sequencing. Antibiotic treatment in combination with removal of the subcutaneous port healed the patient.
Subject(s)
Actinobacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/pathology , Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics , Sepsis/diagnosis , Sepsis/pathology , Actinobacteria/classification , Actinobacteria/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Child, Preschool , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Device Removal , Female , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Molecular Sequence Data , Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , Opportunistic Infections/pathology , Recurrence , Sepsis/microbiology , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to assess the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of 56 Arcanobacterium haemolyticum isolates isolated from 51 patients attending primary health care centres and emergency units in the health area of Santander (Cantabria, northern Spain). Phenotypic characterization was based on morphological, biochemical, and antigenic tests. Species identification was confirmed by amplification and sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by microdilution following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations for coryneform bacteria. Genetic diversity was evaluated using BOX-PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Eighty percent of the isolates had an identical BOX-PCR pattern, suggesting the spread of a single clone. The present report provides extensive information on the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of A. haemolyticum.
Subject(s)
Actinomycetales Infections/microbiology , Arcanobacterium/genetics , Arcanobacterium/isolation & purification , Adolescent , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Arcanobacterium/cytology , Arcanobacterium/physiology , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Child , Child, Preschool , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Female , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Typing , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Spain , Young AdultABSTRACT
Acinetobacter junii is a rare human pathogen associated with bacteraemia in neonates and paediatric oncology patients. We present a case of A. junii causing bacteraemia in an adult transplant patient with leukaemia. The correct identification of Acinetobacter species can highlight the clinical significance of the different species of this genus.
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections/diagnosis , Acinetobacter/isolation & purification , Bacteremia/diagnosis , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/complications , Acinetobacter/drug effects , Acinetobacter/genetics , Acinetobacter Infections/microbiology , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteremia/microbiology , Bacterial Typing Techniques , DNA Fingerprinting , Female , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Typing , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapyABSTRACT
Post-sternotomy mediastinitis, although infrequent, is a potentially life-threatening complication of cardiac surgery. We report an unusual case of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum post-surgical mediastinitis with persistent pleural and pericardial effusion. Clinical manifestations and response to therapy are described, and the difficulties of establishing the diagnosis are discussed.
Subject(s)
Mediastinitis/microbiology , Mycoplasma hominis , Pericarditis/microbiology , Pleurisy/microbiology , Ureaplasma urealyticum , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Male , Mediastinitis/drug therapy , Mycoplasma Infections/complications , Mycoplasma Infections/microbiology , Mycoplasma hominis/isolation & purification , Pericarditis/drug therapy , Pleurisy/drug therapy , Surgical Wound Infection/drug therapy , Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology , Ureaplasma Infections/complications , Ureaplasma Infections/microbiology , Ureaplasma urealyticum/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Detection of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is based upon typical beta-hemolysis and colony morphology, but it may go undetected if only conventional sheep blood agar media for detection of beta-hemolytic streptococci are used. The influence of different culture media, atmospheres, and times of incubation for the recognition of colonies of 47 isolates of A. haemolyticum was studied. After 48 h of incubation, trypticase soy agar with 5% horse blood in 5% CO(2) was the best medium.
Subject(s)
Actinomycetaceae/isolation & purification , Bacteriological Techniques/methods , Culture Media , Actinomycetaceae/physiology , Animals , Hemolysis , Horses , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A multicenter susceptibility surveillance (the S.A.U.C.E. project) including 2,721 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 3,174 Streptococcus pyogenes, and 2,645 Haemophilus influenzae consecutive isolates was carried out in 25 hospitals all over Spain from November 2001 to October 2002 to evaluate the current epidemiology of resistance of the main bacteria involved in community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Susceptibility testing was performed in a single centralized laboratory by a broth microdilution method. The prevalence of resistant S. pneumoniae strains was 0.4% for cefotaxime, 4.4% for amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 25.6% for cefuroxime-axetil, 34.5% for erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin, and 36.0% for cefaclor. Phenotypes of resistance to erythromycin were MLS(B) (macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B) in 89.9% (gene ermB) and M (macrolide) in 9.7% of cases (gene mefA). No strain harbored both genes simultaneously. Serotypes 19, 6, 23, 14, and 3 were the most prevalent, accounting for 54.6% of the total isolates. Resistance to macrolides seems to be the most alarming point, since among penicillin-susceptible isolates it reached 15.1% compared to 55.8% among penicillin-resistant strains. Geographically, a number of regions had rates of erythromycin resistance above 40% (even higher in children). Resistance to erythromycin was also high in S. pyogenes isolates: mean regional 33.2%, beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae were 20%, whereas 4.4% had a beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant phenotype. We highlight the importance of different geographical frequencies of coresistance (associations of resistance to different drugs within the same species) and coupled resistance (association of resistance between different species) probably resulting from different local coselective events.
